US3578036A - Lattice for the reinforcement of tubular concrete elements having a socket method for producing said lattice and the products obtained - Google Patents

Lattice for the reinforcement of tubular concrete elements having a socket method for producing said lattice and the products obtained Download PDF

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Publication number
US3578036A
US3578036A US808252A US80825269A US3578036A US 3578036 A US3578036 A US 3578036A US 808252 A US808252 A US 808252A US 80825269 A US80825269 A US 80825269A US 3578036 A US3578036 A US 3578036A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wires
socket
lattice
reinforcement
prereinforcement
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Expired - Lifetime
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US808252A
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English (en)
Inventor
Maurice Francois
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Trefilunion SA
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Trefilunion SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/08—Rigid pipes of concrete, cement, or asbestos cement, with or without reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/12—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor
    • B21F27/121—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor of tubular form, e.g. as reinforcements for pipes or pillars
    • B21F27/127—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor of tubular form, e.g. as reinforcements for pipes or pillars by bending preformed mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
    • B28B21/56—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles incorporating reinforcements or inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
    • E04C5/0613—Closed cages made of one single bent reinforcement mat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S138/00—Pipes and tubular conduits
    • Y10S138/11—Shape

Definitions

  • cross section of the socket is substantially greater than that of the run or body of the tubular element and the best steels do not have sufficient elongation characteristics to pennit a large expansion without fracture.
  • the first consists in avoiding the reinforcement of the socket, the lattice being limited to the body of the tubular element; however, the socket then has a strength which may be insufficient in some cases.
  • the second method consists in producing the reinforcement in two parts, namely one part for the run or body of the tubular element and a wider part for the socket, the two parts being interconnected by metal wires; however, this method is relatively long to carry out and sometimes delicate owing to the difficulties of centering the part of the reinforcement intended to be embedded in the socket.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks.
  • the invention provides a lattice of welded metal wires wherein a number of the warp wires have successive defonned nonrectilinear portions, the deformations of said portions being permanent and such that, upon exertion of tensile stress thereon, said portions can be at least partially straightened, whereas the other warp wires and all the weft wires are rectilinear.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing from the aforementioned lattice a reinforcement having a socket for a reinforced concrete tubular element which has a socket, said method comprising, in a first stage,
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a prereinforcement obtained by the aforementioned first stage, wherein some of the transverse wires have, starting from one of the ends of the reinforcement and on a portion of its length, a succession of permanently deformed portions so that the apparent perimeter of said transverse wires is equal to the perimeter of the other undeforrned transverse wires, but a real length substantially greater than said perimeter.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a reinforcement having a socket obtained by means of the aforemen tioned method, said lattice reinforcement having transverse wires bent and closed onto themselves in the form of welded rings and wherein, in the zone of the-socket, the transversewires of the lattice have a trace of partially open deformations.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a tubular reinforced concrete element having a socket comprising a lattice reinforcement which extends throughout the length of the body and has in the zone of said socket transverse wires which have a trace of partially open or straightened deformations.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce, as will be understood, under excellent conditions which are further improved relative to known methods, tubular concrete elements reinforcing them by means of a single-piece reinforcement which extends into the whole of the sockets.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a plane section of lattice according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the same section of lattice after having been bent and welded so as to form a closed cylindrical cage constituting THE blank of the reinforcement or prereinforcement;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the reinforcement finally obtained embedded in a concrete pipe having a socket.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a modification of the reinforcement for a tubular body having an oval cross section including a flat portion.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of an improved lattice according to the invention.
  • This lattice comprises a series of warp wires 1 and 2 and a series of weft wires 3.
  • the wires of the two series intersect at a right angle and are welded together at the crossing point 4.
  • the warp wires carrying the reference numeral 1 and the weft wires 3 are rectilinear
  • the warp wires 2 are deformed in alternately opposite directions so as to have successive nonrectilinear portions, either in the form of corrugations as shown, or in the form of folds, loops or other sinuosities or convolutions located in the plane or outside the plane of the lattice.
  • the deformed portions can be continuous, as shown, or interrupted by short rectilinear portions.
  • the shape of the convolutions, corrugations or other deformations of the wires 2 is so arranged that their amplitude corresponds to the width of the electrodes of the welding machine employed for welding the lattice, since the wrap wires and the weft wires are welded at the crossing points.
  • This shape is also chosen as a function of the total elongation rate corresponding to the necessary expansion.
  • FIG. 3 There is cut from the lattice according to the invention a section A (FIG. 1) whose dimensions correspond to the those of the reinforcement to be embodied in this pipe or tubular element T.
  • This-section can be cut at the site of construction of the pipes from a roll of lattice or in a factory and delivered to the site in the flat condition.
  • This section has, in the direction of the weft wires, the desired length for the reinforcement, whereas in the direction of the warp wires 1, 2 it has a length equal to 1rd, in which d is the desired diameter of the body of the reinforcement, that is, the part which is not the socket part (FIG. 2).
  • the section A of lattice is bent and welded in the form of cylindrical blank or prereinforcement B (FIG. 2.).
  • prereinforcement B the warp wires 1 and 2 become transverse circular rings 1 and 2' whereas the weft wires 3 remain rectilinear and embody generatrices of the resulting cylindrical prereinforcement B.
  • the rings I and 2" have a diameter d roughly corresponding to the mean diameter ab of the wall of the body of the concrete pipe T to be obtained.
  • the rings 2 formed by the corrugated wires 2 have an apparent perimeter 1rd which is equal to the perimeter of the rings 1 formed by the wires 1 but a real length which is substantially greater than this perimeter owing to their convolutions, corrugations or other nonrectilinear portions.
  • the prereinforcement B is mounted on a expanding machine for expanding the rings 2.
  • This expansion is achieved by means of a known apparatus, such as an expansible mandrel controlled by hydraulic pneumatic or mechanical means and inserted in the rings 2.
  • connection zone 4 is of short length so that the natural or intrinsic elongation or the wires 3 is sufficient to permit the deformation.
  • This reinforcement comprises a number of longitudinal wires 3 embodying the generatrices of the reinforcing cage, a large number of nonexpanded circular rings 1 of uncorrugated'wire and, in the zone of the socket, a small number of rings 2 of wire which is still more or less deformed, the corrugations, folds or other convolutions not having completely disappeared upon the expansion.
  • this reinforcement C is placed in a mould into which the concrete is poured.
  • the reinforcement is embodied in the concrete.
  • the pouring can be carried out in a static mould or the expanded perimeter corresponding to the socket of the pipe T after adding the elongation due to the straightening of the deformations.
  • This steel may be, for example and not exclusively, a SIEMENS-MARTIN steel or an oxygen-blown steel.
  • the uncorrugated wires of the rings 1 and of the generatrices 3 may be bright wires, that is to say, wires hardened by drawing, since they are not intended to be elongated and their elongation characteristics before fracture can be low, the wires 2 may be of a steel having higher characteristics of elongation before fracture and preferably but not exclusively, nonaging.
  • the simplicity of the method according to the invention enables the reinforcements to be constructed on the site, from rolls or panels of lattices which are easy to transport with the minimum of space consumption.
  • This table shows the results of statistics established from many samples having undergone tensiles stresses under 'the conditions prescribed in the Rules for the use of reinforced concrete BA 68.
  • the samples were plane lattices of steel wires having a diameter of 3.90 mm.; the deformed wires had sinusoidal corrugations whose pitch or wavelength was 30 mm. and whose amplitude was of the order of 10 mm.
  • the shape and amplitude of the convolutions, sinuosities, corrugations, folds or other deformations of the wires 2 must be such that the sum of the intrinsic elongation of the wires 2, due to the characteristics of elongation proper to these wires, and the elongation of restorationdue to the straightening of the deformations, allows an amplitude of expansion of these wires 2 which is sufficient to produce, without fracture, a reinforcement for a socket having a diameter D substantially greater than the diameter d of the body of the armature.
  • the steel of the wires 2 is selected from a quality having an in- As can be seen, the gain in total elongation obtained with bright wire owing to the corrugations is increased by 25 percent in absolute value. Its relative value is considerable since it is multiplied by about 6.
  • the gain in the elongation due to the corrugations with annealed wire is between 21 and 25 percent in absolute value. It is less in relative value than in the case of the bright wire since the intrinsic elongation characteristics of this wire when uncorrugated are already appreciable.
  • the total elongation is greater for the annealed corrugated wire than for the bright corrugated wire so that it allows a greater expansion than the corrugated bright wire, which corresponds to a greater ratio between the diameter of the socket of the pipe and the diameter of the body of the trinsic elongation characteristic which is sufficient to obtain pipe.
  • the example described hereinbefore relates to a concrete pipe having a circular section.
  • the invention is applied to a pipe T having an oval section and a flat portion.
  • the reinforcement C has a corresponding shape. This shape is applicable in particular to concrete pipes for drains.
  • the deformations can be in the plane of the lattice panel or project from this plane, that is, the deformations can be, in the bent reinforcement cage, in thetheoretical surface similar to that of the tubular element and passing through the longitudinal or generatrix wires, or project inwardly or outwardly relative to this theoretical surface and oriented in any way.
  • the-invention is applicable not only to tubular elements but also to oval, elliptical or prismatic tubular elements, the reinforcement having an oval, elliptical or prismatic shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
US808252A 1968-03-22 1969-03-18 Lattice for the reinforcement of tubular concrete elements having a socket method for producing said lattice and the products obtained Expired - Lifetime US3578036A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR144908A FR1575629A (da) 1968-03-22 1968-03-22

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00109244A Division US3799764A (en) 1971-01-25 1971-01-25 Roasting of copper sulfide concentrates combined with solid state segregation reduction to recover copper

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3578036A true US3578036A (en) 1971-05-11

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US808252A Expired - Lifetime US3578036A (en) 1968-03-22 1969-03-18 Lattice for the reinforcement of tubular concrete elements having a socket method for producing said lattice and the products obtained

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3578036A (da)
AT (1) AT294392B (da)
BE (1) BE729482A (da)
BG (1) BG15536A3 (da)
BR (1) BR6907363D0 (da)
CH (1) CH511993A (da)
DK (1) DK125191B (da)
ES (1) ES365245A1 (da)
FR (1) FR1575629A (da)
GB (1) GB1225081A (da)
HU (1) HU165457B (da)
SE (1) SE340874B (da)
YU (1) YU31260B (da)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3837372A (en) * 1972-02-03 1974-09-24 Trefilunion Machine and method for producing an expansible cylindrical lattice structure, in particular for a reinforcement of a pipe having a socket
US3837370A (en) * 1971-04-19 1974-09-24 Concrete Pipe Machinery Co Method for making a pipe reinforcing cage
US3838837A (en) * 1973-02-08 1974-10-01 New York Wire Mills Corp Method and fabric for pipe reinforcement
US3838494A (en) * 1973-05-16 1974-10-01 Concrete Pipe Machinery Co Method of assembling bell and cage units to form pipe reinforcing cages
US3841591A (en) * 1973-02-08 1974-10-15 Wire Mills Corp Fabric and method for forming pipe reinforcement
US3844511A (en) * 1973-02-08 1974-10-29 Wire Mills Corp Method and fabric for pipe reinforcement
US3844510A (en) * 1973-02-08 1974-10-29 Wire Mills Corp Method and fabric for pipe reinforcement
US3847005A (en) * 1973-07-19 1974-11-12 Kyle Inc Bell wire expander
US4082120A (en) * 1968-03-22 1978-04-04 Trefilunion Method of producing tubular lattice reinforcement for reinforced concrete tubular pipe having a socket at one end thereof
US4209153A (en) * 1977-06-14 1980-06-24 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Functional mesh or netting
US4345626A (en) * 1979-05-04 1982-08-24 Tolliver Wilbur E Circumferential stirrup panel
US5029779A (en) * 1988-06-06 1991-07-09 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Welded netting with deformed stretching wires
US20150323104A1 (en) * 2014-05-12 2015-11-12 Hawkeye Concrete Products Co. Reinforced concrete pipe
US10087106B2 (en) * 2014-09-17 2018-10-02 South China University Of Technology Method of constructing an axial compression steel tubular column

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3000605C2 (de) * 1980-01-09 1983-11-10 Landshuter Baueisenbiegerei GmbH, 8300 Altdorf Armierungskorb für Großbohrpfähle
CN107881928B (zh) * 2017-10-11 2019-09-06 中国地质大学（北京） 一种采煤塌陷区抗塌陷农田圆管涵洞

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3396761A (en) * 1966-03-18 1968-08-13 Sheller Globe Corp Method and apparatus for producing a reticulated wire structure
US3437114A (en) * 1966-10-27 1969-04-08 Donald P Whitacre Machine for making a wire cage

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3396761A (en) * 1966-03-18 1968-08-13 Sheller Globe Corp Method and apparatus for producing a reticulated wire structure
US3437114A (en) * 1966-10-27 1969-04-08 Donald P Whitacre Machine for making a wire cage

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4082120A (en) * 1968-03-22 1978-04-04 Trefilunion Method of producing tubular lattice reinforcement for reinforced concrete tubular pipe having a socket at one end thereof
US3837370A (en) * 1971-04-19 1974-09-24 Concrete Pipe Machinery Co Method for making a pipe reinforcing cage
US3837372A (en) * 1972-02-03 1974-09-24 Trefilunion Machine and method for producing an expansible cylindrical lattice structure, in particular for a reinforcement of a pipe having a socket
US3838837A (en) * 1973-02-08 1974-10-01 New York Wire Mills Corp Method and fabric for pipe reinforcement
US3841591A (en) * 1973-02-08 1974-10-15 Wire Mills Corp Fabric and method for forming pipe reinforcement
US3844511A (en) * 1973-02-08 1974-10-29 Wire Mills Corp Method and fabric for pipe reinforcement
US3844510A (en) * 1973-02-08 1974-10-29 Wire Mills Corp Method and fabric for pipe reinforcement
US3838494A (en) * 1973-05-16 1974-10-01 Concrete Pipe Machinery Co Method of assembling bell and cage units to form pipe reinforcing cages
US3847005A (en) * 1973-07-19 1974-11-12 Kyle Inc Bell wire expander
US4209153A (en) * 1977-06-14 1980-06-24 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Functional mesh or netting
US4345626A (en) * 1979-05-04 1982-08-24 Tolliver Wilbur E Circumferential stirrup panel
US5029779A (en) * 1988-06-06 1991-07-09 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Welded netting with deformed stretching wires
US20150323104A1 (en) * 2014-05-12 2015-11-12 Hawkeye Concrete Products Co. Reinforced concrete pipe
US10563794B2 (en) * 2014-05-12 2020-02-18 Fsc Technologies, Llc Reinforced concrete pipe
US10087106B2 (en) * 2014-09-17 2018-10-02 South China University Of Technology Method of constructing an axial compression steel tubular column

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT294392B (de) 1971-11-25
DK125191B (da) 1973-01-15
GB1225081A (da) 1971-03-17
YU31260B (en) 1973-02-28
BE729482A (da) 1969-08-18
BR6907363D0 (pt) 1973-02-01
CH511993A (fr) 1971-08-31
BG15536A3 (bg) 1976-04-28
DE1913482A1 (de) 1970-01-02
ES365245A1 (es) 1971-04-01
FR1575629A (da) 1969-07-25
DE1913482B2 (de) 1977-05-12
HU165457B (da) 1974-08-28
SE340874B (da) 1971-12-06

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