US3576381A - Apparatus and method for cupola ventilation - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for cupola ventilation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3576381A
US3576381A US881666A US3576381DA US3576381A US 3576381 A US3576381 A US 3576381A US 881666 A US881666 A US 881666A US 3576381D A US3576381D A US 3576381DA US 3576381 A US3576381 A US 3576381A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cupola
air
gases
gas
bed
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Expired - Lifetime
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US881666A
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English (en)
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Daniel E Pike
James A Gross
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/18—Arrangements of dust collectors

Definitions

  • Cupolas commonly constructed with a discharge stack for waste gas and dust above the tall cylindrical cupola structure, are typically used for making high carbon iron by dissolving carbon in low carbon iron, the chemistry of the process being such that reducing, rather than oxidizing, conditions are required inside the cupola.
  • the cupola is provided with an opening for the charging of scrap iron and coke.
  • quantities of obnoxious dust, metallurgical fumes and carbon monoxide are generated which formerly were discharged to the atmosphere through the stack.
  • the discharge of these waste gases from the cupola through the stack into the atmosphere being recognized as highly undesirable, was generally forbidden by law. Many communities impose strict controls prohibiting the discharge of such waste gases into the atmosphere and are now rigorously enforcing such controls.
  • the operator of a cupola faces two main problems. Firstly, he must collect substantially all of the contaminants produced during normal operation of the cupola to avoid discharging them through the stack into the atmosphere, which means, of course, that he must otherwise dispose of the combustible components such as carbon monoxide by oxidation through the process of combustion. Secondly, he must prevent the formation of an air-carbon monoxide mixture lying within the explosive limits of carbon monoxide within the cupola, as otherwise a violent and destructive explosion within the gas cleaning system may result. If the operator exhausts waste gas from the cupola for subsequent treatment to comply with the law, he risks the entry of air into the cupola through the charging door in such amounts as to create an explosive mixture of carbon monoxide in air.
  • the secondary air is stated as forming combustible mixtures with the carbon monoxide generated above the melting zone, which combustible mixtures burn in the interstices in the charge in the upper portion of the cupola, it being asserted that the heat of combustion preheats the charge of coke and scrap iron and also lowers the concentration of carbon monoxide adjacent the charging opening so that this gas is no longer combustible or explosive.
  • the charging door is open, fresh air drawn in from the atmosphere, due to the suction of the fan in the cleaning system, is stated as not causing the burning or explosion of carbon monoxide.
  • the burning of carbon monoxide within the cupola is an oxidative reaction which would be self-defeating in that it would, if conducted in the melting zone, disturb the desired chemistry of the cupola reaction.
  • the equipment disclosed in the patent is quite intricate and, should malfunction occur, a potentially hazardous situation may well arise.
  • One of the objects of this invention is to provide improved apparatus and method to exhaust cupola gases from a cupola.
  • Another of the objects of this invention is to provide improved apparatus and method to economically and safely exhaust cupola gases from a cupola.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus and method for exhausting cupola gases from a cupola producing minimum quantities of gas to be handled subsequently by a gas cleaning and treating system.
  • Still a further object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus and method for exhausting cupola gases from a cupola whereby the chemistry of the operation occurring within the cupola is left undisturbed.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus and method whereby an existing cupola can be easily and economically modified to permit the safe exhaust of cupola gases therefrom producing minimum amounts of gases subsequently to be handled in a gas cleaning and treating system.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus and method whereby to eliminate the cap or damper conventionally required when a gas cleaning and treating system is incorporated in a cupola installation.
  • FIG. 1 the discharge stack mounted on the cupola, partially broken away to show the charging opening and adjacent gas takeoff leading to the combustion chamber ahead of the gas cleaning system.
  • DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Cupola 1 is seen as having charging opening 2 through which a charge of scrap iron and coke may be introduced to form a bed 3 of such reactive material within the furnace portion 4, the said cupola 1 being surmounted by a discharge stack 5.
  • an opening 6 is provided in the wall of cupola 1, said opening 6 communicating with a gas takeoff duct 7, and the latter in turn communicating with secondary combustion chamber 8.
  • Gas takeoff duct 7 may be at an elevation adjacent the lower midportion of charging opening 2 as shown, or may be at an elevation adjacent the upper portion of charging opening 2.
  • Mounted with cupola 1, adjacent charging opening 2 and generally at a level between gas takeoff duct 7 and the top of the bed 3 of reactive material are one or more burners l2, directing flames 13 toward the said gas takeoff duct 7 as shown diagrammatically in the drawing.
  • Secondary combustion chamber 8 may include one or more burners (not shown), to insure complete combustion of all combustible matter in the cupola gases entering the said secondary combustion chamber 8.
  • Outlet duct 9 of secondary combustion chamber 8 leads to a conventional gas cleaning and treating system including a fan for producing a draft (not shown but well known to those familiar with this art).
  • charging opening 2 will be determined by the requirement for conveniently introducing the charge of scrap iron and coke into the cupola 1, and the charging opening 2 in the preferred embodiment is always open, no door being provided therefor unlike certain prior art structures.
  • the capacity of the fan is chosen, with a view to the quantity of air used in the tuyeres of the cupola in the normal course of operation, so that only enough combustion air 10 is drawn through the lower portion of the charging opening 2 to sweep or exhaust the cupola gas through opening 6 into gas takeoff duct 7 and thence into combustion chamber 8 and to burn the carbon monoxide and other combustible matter in the cupola gas with little or no excess air.
  • Burners 12 function to ignite the mixture of combustion air 10 and combustible matter such as carbon monoxide in the cupola gases when the concentration of such combustible matter exceeds the lower combustion limit thereof, thereby to prevent explosion in the gas cleaning and treating system and to burn off any oil driven off from the scrap charge.
  • the upper portion of stack does not require the conventional cap or damper ordinarily associated with cupola installations having a gas cleaning and treating system.
  • the charge of scrap iron and coke is in-. troduced through charging opening 2 to form a bed 3 within the furnace portion 4 of cupola I.
  • Cupola l is lighted in the nonnal manner and the fan of the gas cleaning and treating system is started to produce the required draft.
  • Cupola gas generated within the cupola 1 mixes with combustion air entering through the lower portion of charging opening 2.
  • combustion air 10 merely dilutes said combustible material further.
  • the mixture of cupola gas and combustion air is ignited by means of burners 12 within the cupola 1 above the bed 3 of reactive material.
  • the mixture of cupola gas and combustion air 10, ignited as aforesaid, is swept out of the eupola 1 through opening 6 into gas takeoff duct 7 and thence into secondary combustion chamber 8.
  • Burners in secondary combustion chamber 8 may be operated in order to insure complete combustion of all combustible matter in the cupola gases, and the completely combusted cupola gases exiting secondary combustion chamber 8 are then lead to the gas cleaning and treating system through duct 9.
  • Apparatus for ventilating cupola gases from a cupola said cupola gases being generated in a bed of reactive material within the cupola and containing combustible matter, said cupola having a charging opening above the bed of reactive material, said apparatus comprising:
  • gas takeofi conduit means communicating with the interior of said cupola adjacent said charging opening above said bed of reactive material
  • combustion means mounted within the cupola and interposed between said charging opening and said gas takeoff conduit means above said bed of reactive material, said combustion means igniting said mixture of air and cupola gases within said cupola prior to the movement of said mixture of air and cupola gases into said gas takeoff conduit means.
  • said gas takeoff conduit means communicating with the interior of said cupola at a location opposite said charging opening, whereby said mixture of air and cupola gases are moved generally in a horizontal direction over and across said bed of reactive material.
  • second combustion means having an inlet end and an outlet end
  • the outlet end of said second combustion means being adapted to communicate with a gas cleaning and treating system.
  • said fan means having a suction side, said suction side communicating with the outlet end of said second combustion means.
  • Method of ventilating cupola gases from a cupola said cupola gases being generated in a bed of reactive material within the cupola and containing combustible matter, said method comprising the following steps:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
US881666A 1969-12-03 1969-12-03 Apparatus and method for cupola ventilation Expired - Lifetime US3576381A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US88166669A 1969-12-03 1969-12-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3576381A true US3576381A (en) 1971-04-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US881666A Expired - Lifetime US3576381A (en) 1969-12-03 1969-12-03 Apparatus and method for cupola ventilation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3576381A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA924503A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2058578A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1324425A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US765534A (en) * 1904-01-21 1904-07-19 Francis Dougherty Smoke-consumer.
US2618548A (en) * 1949-12-05 1952-11-18 Theodore G Kennard Closed top side door
US2995354A (en) * 1957-09-17 1961-08-08 Huettenwerksanlagen M B H Ges Apparatus for operation of cupola furnaces
US3424446A (en) * 1966-02-02 1969-01-28 Modern Equipment Co Cupolas

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US765534A (en) * 1904-01-21 1904-07-19 Francis Dougherty Smoke-consumer.
US2618548A (en) * 1949-12-05 1952-11-18 Theodore G Kennard Closed top side door
US2995354A (en) * 1957-09-17 1961-08-08 Huettenwerksanlagen M B H Ges Apparatus for operation of cupola furnaces
US3424446A (en) * 1966-02-02 1969-01-28 Modern Equipment Co Cupolas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1324425A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-25
CA924503A (en) 1973-04-17
DE2058578A1 (de) 1971-07-22

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