US3424446A - Cupolas - Google Patents
Cupolas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3424446A US3424446A US524526A US3424446DA US3424446A US 3424446 A US3424446 A US 3424446A US 524526 A US524526 A US 524526A US 3424446D A US3424446D A US 3424446DA US 3424446 A US3424446 A US 3424446A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cupola
- charging
- charge
- gases
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
Definitions
- a charge receiving section with a charging opening is provided between the cupola and the aligned exhaust stack through which opening the charge of coke, limestone, scrap metal, etc. is deposited into said cupola.
- the cupola is arranged with its principal gas offtake below its charge receiving section it is highly desirable during the melting operation to prevent air from freely entering the upper, charge pre-heating area of the cupola through said charging opening, however, because the mixture of said air with the gases of combustion within the cupola can cause a dangerous explosive condition.
- one of the principal objects of the present inveniton is to provide a novel cupola design incorporating an offset exhaust stack opening and having a novel cupola cover which can be utilized to prevent outside air from freely entering said cupola through the charging opening, particularly during the melt down operation, said cover device being adapted ice to automatically descend with the level of the charge to eliminate the possibility of a dangerous gas accumulation forming above said charge.
- Said closure apparatus is claimed in my aforementioned pending patent application Ser. No. 400,673 of which this application is a continuation-in-part.
- a large number of cupolas are provided with a gas cleaning system associated with the exhaust stack which is designed to cleanse the cupola gases before they are discharged to the atmosphere.
- gas cleaning system associated with the exhaust stack which is designed to cleanse the cupola gases before they are discharged to the atmosphere.
- Such systems are required by law in many localities.
- said outside air also passes through the cleaning system along with the cupola gases, thereby necessitating an expensive, large-capacity apparatus which consumes excessive power in proportion to the volume of cupola gases cleaned thereby.
- an important object of the present invention is to provide a novel cupola charge receiving section design featuring an offset exhaust stack opening and having an enlarged body section adapted to cause the rising cupola gases and dust, etc. to flow laterally away from the charging opening and upwardy through said offset exhaust stack opening, thereby minimizing the amount of said gases which escape through said charging opening.
- said novel cupola charge receiving section design it is unnecessary to continuously draw a large quantity of outside air inwardly through the charging opening to create an indraft during operation and, consequently, a smaller, more efircient and economical gas cleaning system can be employed than has heretofore been possible.
- This important feature of the present invention was disclosed in part in my aforementioned application Ser. No. 400,673 but was not claimed therein.
- the present continuation-in-part application discloses several modified forms of offset stack with charge-receiving arrangements having enlarged bodies which can be employed within the scope of the invention.
- the invention comprises the novel cupola charge receiving section designs illustrated and described herein and any and all variations or modifications thereof as may come within the spirit of said invention and within the scope of the appended claims.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cupola having an offset exhaust stack opening and having a movable cover device
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side elevational and vertical sectional view of the cupola illustrating in FIG. 1 showing the novel cover device in its raised position in full lines, and said vertically-movable cover being shown in broken lines in its lowermost position;
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view through another form of cupola charge receiving section having an offset stack opening and an enlarged body section;
- FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of another modified form of cupola charge receiving section having an offset stack opening
- FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of a cupola charge receiving section having an enlarged and offset body
- FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of another modified cupola charge receiving section design having an enlarged and offset body and an offset stack opening;
- FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line 88 of FIG. 7.
- the numeral 9 designates a cupola of the general type herein concerned, and shown adjacent said cupola is a fragmentary portion of the scaffolding and framework 27 which is designed to support the charging bucket rails 26 and bucket-conveying mechanism (not shown) in the illustrated cupola assembly, as well as the other equipment necessary in a complete, automated foundry complex. It is to be understood, of course, that the particular design of the cupola charging mechanism and other incidental and related foundry equipment is in no way critical to the present invention, and the invention is not to be limited to use in a complete unit identical to that shown.
- the cupola 9 illustrated in FIG. 1 is generally cylindrical in form and includes a melting zone 11, there being the customary blast ring and tuyeres 25, etc., as is well known in the art, and mounted thereabove is an annular gas take-off ring 12.
- the latter is connected to a vacuum pump and emission cleaning mechanism (not shown), and during the melting operation said apparatus performs the important function of continuously exhausting gases from the cupola interior, said gases being cleaned and vented to the atmosphere or recuperated for use in the tuyeres.
- the upper portion 10 of the illustrated cupola is tapered downwardly, although a straight, cylindrical design will ordinarily be employed, and the charging opening 13 is formed thereabove.
- the stack 14 Projecting upwardly from said cupola, and offset therefrom is the stack 14, the offset design of said stack being an important feature of the invention, as will be hereinafter seen.
- a charging bucket (not shown) is filled at a lower, loading station with a charge of coke, scrap metal, limestone, and whatever other additives or innoculants are required for the desired end product, and said bucket is conveyed upwardly on the rails 26 by a suitable, power-driven hoist.
- said charging bucket reaches the upper end of said rails it is conveyed through the cupola opening 13, and is opened either automatically or by remote control to discharge its contents into the cupola, said bucket then returning to the loading hopper.
- the upper portion of the illustrated cupola is provided with a horizontal platform 15 adjacent the offset stack 14, and mounted thereon is a bracket 16 supporting a vertical sleeve member 17 which is in alignment with the internal center line of the cupola proper.
- Projecting through, and slidably journaled in said sleeve 17 is an elongated vertical rod 18, said rod being of a length to extend downwardly from said sleeve to a point within the cupola adjacent the gas exhaust outlet 12, and carried on the lower end of said rod is a circular cover 19.
- Said cover is preferably elliptical in vertical cross section, and is of a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the upper portion 10 of said cupola, as illustrated in broken lines in FIG. 2.
- a sheave 20 secured to the upper end of said vertically-movable cover-supporting rod 18 is a sheave 20, and trained thereabout is a cable 21.
- one end of said cable is deadended to the framework, as at 22, and after passing around a stationary sheave 23, the opposite end of said cable is secured to a power-driven drum or winch 24, thus providing mechanical means for raising said rod 18.
- Said cover is movable from the raised position shown in full lines in FIG. 2, wherein it is spaced above the charging opening 13, to the lowered position wherein it is located adjacent the cupola gas take-off ring 12, as illustrated in :broken lines.
- said cover-elevating mechanism incidentally, it is contemplated that numerous other equivalent devices could also be used.
- the cover-supporting rod 18 is initially raised to the full line position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 by means of the cable and winch mechanism 21-24 or other equivalent device, thus positioning the cover 19 above the cupola charging opening 13.
- a sufficient number of charges are then deposited in the cupola to fill the same to a point just below said charging opening, which line is designated by the letter A in FIG. 2.
- the approximate equivalent of one charge a new charge is added, thus again bringing the level to the approximate point A.
- the problem of air entering the cupola interior is not critical because said charge functions as a plug to minimize the volume of air that can enter the cupola through the charging opening.
- the charge level is allowed to descend substantially more than one charge, however, as during the melt down or as occasionally happens through negligence or inadvertence on the part of the operator, the effectiveness of the relatively porous charge as a closure is diminished and the outside air flows into the cupola interior, with the undesirable results hereinabove described. It is in these instances that the novel device 19 is intended to be utilized.
- the cable 21 is automatically or mechanically released and the rod 18 descends by gravity to a point where the cover 19 on the lower end thereof rests on the surface of said charge, thus preventing the free passage of air into the cupola through the charging opening.
- the cover device 19 is adapted to ride downwardly on top of the charge by gravity. The result is that said cover not only substantially closes off the top of the cupola to prevent the free flow of air therein, as described, but by descending with the level of the charge during the melting operation there is no space between said cover and the charge in which gas can accumulate, as in prior cupola cover assemblies, and which can be extremely dangerous.
- the cover device illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be utilized to minimize the fiow of air through the charging opening and into the cupola, thus substantially reducing the size and capacity of the required gas withdrawal and reconditioning equipment associated with the gas take-off ring 12 and providing a complete unit which is not only less expensive in design, but which is considerably less costly to operate than prior units of the same general type.
- the vertically-movable nature of said cover assembly eliminates the possibility of an explosive gas build-up within the cupola.
- such conventional cupolas are usually provided with fan means designed to continuously draw a quantity of air inwardly through said charging opening in order to create an indraft designed to draw said gases etc. away from said charging opening and to convey the same upwardly through said exhaust conduit 14.
- fan means designed to continuously draw a quantity of air inwardly through said charging opening in order to create an indraft designed to draw said gases etc. away from said charging opening and to convey the same upwardly through said exhaust conduit 14.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 of the drawings illustrated therein is a cupola 9 having an enlarged chargereceiving section and offset exhaust conduit arrangement generally similar to that disclosed in FIGS. 1 and 2, but wherein said cupola is not provided with an integral annular gas take-off ring nor does the unit include a vertically movable cover device such as that hereinabove described.
- the exhaust gas take-off and cleaning apparatus (not shown) is connected to and communicates with the upper portion of the exhaust conduit 14.
- said cleaning systems are designed to cleanse the exhaust gases before discharging the same to the atmosphere and are required by law in many communities.
- the charging section which is designated by the numeral 30, of the cupola illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 is substantially larger in cross section than the charging sections in conventional cupolas. More over, said enlarged charging section 30 is offset relative to the vertical center line of the cupola 9 and extends laterally rearwardly a substantial distance therebeyond, the exhaust opening 14' being offset from the cupola center line and the exhaust conduit 14 projecting upwardly thereabove as shown.
- the result is that the gases of combustion and dust, etc. rising in the cupola are caused to flow at an oblique angle away from the charging door opening 13, as indicated by the arrows, thus minimizing the tendency of said gases to flow outwardly or belch from said charging opening as in conventional cupolas.
- the volume of said indraft can be substantially less than that employed in conventional cupolas.
- the size and power requirements of the gas cleaning apparatus need not be as large as those required in conventional cupolas wherein it is necessary for the cleaning apparatus to handle both the cupola gases and the relatively large volume of outside air continuously introduced into the system.
- FIG. 5 of the drawings shows a modified form of cupola having an enlarged and laterally-projecting charging section 30 and offset exhaust opening 14 and conduit 14, and showing a typical charging bucket 31 positioned in said charging section.
- Said charging bucket is used to fill the cupola 9 with the charge of coke, limestone, scrap metal, etc.
- said charging bucket 31 is in discharging position the gases rising from the cupola are blocked or partially blocked by said bucket and prevented thereby from freely flowing upwardly into the exhaust stack, a substantial portion of said gases being directed outwardly through the charging opening 13 instead.
- the enlarged charging section 30 characterizing the present invention has been designed, said enlarged charging section minimizing the obstruction formed by said bucket 31 and permitting the gases of combustion to readily flow therearound and upwardly through the exhaust opening, as indicated by the arrows.
- the result is that due to the combined effect of the offset exhaust opening 14' and enlarged charging section 30 the belching of gases, smoke, dust, etc. outwardly through the open charge door 13 during the charging operation is practically eliminated.
- a small quantity of outside air is preferably drawn inwardly through said charging opening 13 to create an indraft to promote the flow of cupola gases upwardly into the exhaust conduit 14 but the volume thereof can be substantially less than that required in prior cupolas, thus reducing the size and power requirements of the gas r cleaning system.
- FIG. 6 shows another modified form of cupola having an enlarged charging section 30, but which charging section projects forwardly of the cupola 9, as shown, and wherein the charge door 13 is located in the projecting end thereof.
- the exhaust opening 14 it is not necessary that the exhaust opening 14 be offset from the vertical center line of the cupola inasmuch as the offset position of said charging opening 13 relative to the cupola minmizes the possibility of exhaust gases flowing or belching therefrom.
- the lower end portion of the exhaust conduit 14 is flared somewhat to promote the entry of the rising gases into said conduit.
- FIG. 7 there is shown another form of cupola incorporating both an enlarged and forwardly-projecting charging section 30 similar to that illustrated in FIG. 6, and an offset exhaust opening and stack 14.
- This form of the invention provides the advantageous features of both a forwardly-offset charging door and rearwardly-otfset exhaust opening to minimize the belching of cupola gases through said charging door 13.
- a relatively small indraft need be created through said opening 13 to ensure that the exhaust gases rise in the conduit 14.
- FIG. 8 which is a horizontal sectional view through the cupola shown in FIG. 7, with the enlarged charging section 30 the air drawn inwardly through the opening 13 tends to circulate completely around the periphery of the rising gas column, thus causing more rapid and complete combustion of said toxic gases than is obtained in conventional cupolas.
- An improved cupola structure comprising a lower melting furnace section, said melting furnace section standing upright and being substantially cylindrical in form, an enlarged charging section on and communicating with the upper end of said upright cylindrical melting furnace section, said charging section being substantially larger in cross section than said melting furnace section and extending laterally thereof; a charge-receiving opening in one side of said enlarged charging section; and an exhaust stack communicating with and extending upwardly from said charging section at a point spaced laterally from said charge-receiving opening and also offset relative to said melting furnace section, the offset arrangement of said exhaust stack causing all of the exhaust gases flowing upwardly from the melting furnace section through said charging section to the stack to flow obliquely away from said charge-receiving opening to prevent said gases from escaping therethrough.
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US52452666A | 1966-02-02 | 1966-02-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3424446A true US3424446A (en) | 1969-01-28 |
Family
ID=24089583
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US524526A Expired - Lifetime US3424446A (en) | 1966-02-02 | 1966-02-02 | Cupolas |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3424446A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3576381A (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1971-04-27 | Daniel E Pike | Apparatus and method for cupola ventilation |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US606667A (en) * | 1898-07-05 | Smoke-consuming fireplace | ||
US1447071A (en) * | 1922-09-26 | 1923-02-27 | Giesecke Carl | Process of agglomerating mixtures of fine ore and fuel in shaft furnaces |
US2689659A (en) * | 1951-08-06 | 1954-09-21 | Theodore G Kennard | Vestibule side charger for cupolas |
US2796858A (en) * | 1955-02-18 | 1957-06-25 | George E Carpenter | Fireplace construction |
-
1966
- 1966-02-02 US US524526A patent/US3424446A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US606667A (en) * | 1898-07-05 | Smoke-consuming fireplace | ||
US1447071A (en) * | 1922-09-26 | 1923-02-27 | Giesecke Carl | Process of agglomerating mixtures of fine ore and fuel in shaft furnaces |
US2689659A (en) * | 1951-08-06 | 1954-09-21 | Theodore G Kennard | Vestibule side charger for cupolas |
US2796858A (en) * | 1955-02-18 | 1957-06-25 | George E Carpenter | Fireplace construction |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3576381A (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1971-04-27 | Daniel E Pike | Apparatus and method for cupola ventilation |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ALCO INDUSTRIES, INC. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MODERN EQUIPMENT COMPANY, A CORP OF WI;REEL/FRAME:004289/0354 Effective date: 19840217 Owner name: AII, INC., A CORP OF WI Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ALCO INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP OF WI;REEL/FRAME:004289/0357 Effective date: 19840217 Owner name: ALCO INDUSTRIES, INC. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MODERN EQUIPMENT COMPANY, A CORP OF WI;REEL/FRAME:004289/0354 Effective date: 19840217 Owner name: AII, INC. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALCO INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP OF WI;REEL/FRAME:004289/0357 Effective date: 19840217 Owner name: MODERN EQUIPMENT COMPANY, INC. Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:AII, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004289/0360 Effective date: 19840515 |