US3575178A - A process for increasing the filling capacity of tobacco - Google Patents

A process for increasing the filling capacity of tobacco Download PDF

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Publication number
US3575178A
US3575178A US806967A US3575178DA US3575178A US 3575178 A US3575178 A US 3575178A US 806967 A US806967 A US 806967A US 3575178D A US3575178D A US 3575178DA US 3575178 A US3575178 A US 3575178A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tobacco
zone
fluid
impregnating
liquid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US806967A
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English (en)
Inventor
Grant Mathews Stewart
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RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co
Arjay Holdings Inc
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RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co
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Publication of US3575178A publication Critical patent/US3575178A/en
Assigned to ARJAY HOLDINGS, INC., 1036 ELKTON ROAD, NEWARK, DE. 19711 A CORP. reassignment ARJAY HOLDINGS, INC., 1036 ELKTON ROAD, NEWARK, DE. 19711 A CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: REYNOLDS LEASING CORPORATION
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
    • A24B3/182—Puffing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S131/00—Tobacco
    • Y10S131/901—Organic liquid employed in puffing tobacco

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A process of increasing the filling capacity of tobacco is provided in which tobacco and an impregnating organic liquid are contacted in one zone and contact of the tobacco with vapors of the liquid is continued in another zone until the tobacco is thoroughly impregnated. The impregnation is carried out at moderately elevated temperatures and pressures. After impregnation is substantially complete, the tobacco is withdrawn from the impregnating zone and immediately heated at a reduced pressure to an elevated temperature whereby expansion occurs.
  • the heating is effected in a stream of circulating hot gas from which the tobacco is separated and the gas including vapors of the impregnating liquid are heated and recycled.
  • the flow of impregnating fluid to the impregnating zone is controlled by the liquid level of the body of liquid impregnating fluid maintained in the impregnating zone.
  • This invention relates to a process of treating tobacco and has for an object the process for increasing the filling capacity of a tobacco product.
  • the tobacco in the usual process of preparing tobacco for storage and subsequent cigar or cigarette manufacture, the tobacco regains very little, if any, of the shrinkage resulting from the drying step so that a significant loss in the filling capacity of the tobacco is the result.
  • the cured tobacco has a bulk density which is in excess of that required for making satisfactory cigarettes or cigars.
  • the shreds are laminated together to form hard, dense particles which occupy far less volume than the original shreds occupied. This is wasteful since these hard compacted shreds are not necessary in a smoking product to produce a satisfactory article.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of a tobacco treating process which represents an improvement over the processes disclosed in the copending Fredrickson and Moser and Stewart applications above identified.
  • a further object of this invention is the provision of a process for increasing the filling capacity of tobacco under conditions such that the process can be readily controlled to produce the desired product.
  • a still further object of this invention is the provision of a process for increasing the filling capacity of tobacco in which the time required for the preliminary impregnation with the organic liquid is reduced.
  • An additional object of this invention is the provision of a process which is essentially continuous and may be readily controlled so that there is no net extraction of flavorants or aroma producing materials from the tobacco during the impregnation step.
  • a still further object of this invention is the provision of a process whereby the flow of impregnating fluid into the impregnating zone is controlled so that the impregnation will be maintained uniform at all times.
  • a process in which an impregnating zone containing an organic fluid having a boiling point less than that of water is maintained under a superatmospheric pressure sufficient to provide within the zone a body of said fluid in the liquid state in a lower portion and an atmosphere of said fluid in a vapor state in the upper portion.
  • Tobacco preferably moistened with water, is introduced into the liquid-state body in order to wet it thoroughly with the organic liquid and the thus-wetted and moist tobacco is then passed into the atmosphere containing the vapors, the total residence time in the impregnating zone, both liquid and vapor phase, being sufficient so that the tobacco is substantially completely impregnated with the organic fluid.
  • the impregnated tobacco together with some of the organic fluid is withdrawn from an upper portion of the pressurized impregnating zone to a zone of lesser pressure and then immediately subjected to an elevated temperature to cause the desired expansion of the tobacco.
  • the tobacco to be treated in accordance with the process of this invention is preferably a cured tobacco and may be in the form of shreds, strips or leaves.
  • the process is easier to control and the best results are obtained if tobacco shreds are used. This is for the reason that usually shreds are relatively easy to handle in continuous procedures and the final product of the process need not be subjected to shredding as may be necessary for cigarette manufacture. Shredding of the final product would result in compressing the product which would tend to destroy the ultimate objective of the process of this invention, namely, to expand the tobacco and eliminate compressed particles, as may have resulted from prior treatment including shredding.
  • Any type of tobacco may be used in the practice of this invention and it is particularly useful for the processing of burley, flue-cured and Oriental (e.g., Turkish) tobaccos.
  • the tobacco subjected to treatment in accordance with this invention be one that is moistened with water.
  • the presence of water moisture has been found to be desirable to soften the tobacco particles to pennit proper expansion when the tobacco impregnated with the organic liquid is subjected to the elevated temperatures.
  • the tobacco when heated under expansion conditions tends to disintegrate and form fines which are not desired in a product which is to be used for the manufacture of cigarettes or cigars. lf the moisture level is too high the tobacco may be difficult to handle and unnecessary expense may be incurred incident to the vaporization of the excess moisture during the expansion step.
  • the tobacco to be processed in accordance with this invention has a moisture content equivalent to between about 10 and 30 parts by weight of water per l00 parts by weight of tobacco (dry basis).
  • the moisture may be applied to the dried and cured tobacco in any desired manner and it may be incorporated during customary casing. It may be effected by spraying, wet steam treatment, or otherwise, as will be obvious to one skilled in the art.
  • the preferred impregnating organic liquid is one which is substantially immiscible with water and, for safety reasons, it is desirable that the organic liquid be noninflammable.
  • Freon-l l trichloromonofluoromethane
  • the tobacco impregnation preferably takes place in a pressure vessel which is maintained at a superatmospheric pressure and at a temperature such that a body or pool of the organic liquid at about its boiling point is present in the lower section of the zone and a saturated vapor atmosphere of the liquid is present in an upper portion of the zone.
  • the impregnator takes the form of an elongated cylinder inclined to the horizontal and equipped with a screw conveyor for moving moistened tobacco from a lower portion of the impregnator into an upper portion thereof. Tobacco and the organic fluid are introduced into the lower section of the zone with the tobacco being introduced directly beneath the surface of the liquid whereby it becomes thoroughly wetted.
  • the screw conveyor elevates the tobacco above the surface of the body of liquid and into the vapor atmosphere, during which process excess liquid drains back from the tobacco to the liquid body in the bottom of the zone. During this procedure and while the tobacco is moving upwardly to and through the upper saturated vapor section, the impregnation continues so that by the time it reaches the upper portion of the zone, the tobacco is substantially completely impregnated with the organic fluid.
  • the elevated temperature of the impregnating zone is maintained by suitable heat exchange jackets and pressure locks are provided to permit the introduction and withdrawal of tobacco to and from the impregnating zone such that loss of pressure does not occur and a substantial continuous impregnating operation can be achieved.
  • the substantially completely impregnated tobacco is then withdrawn or discharged from the upper section of the impregnating zone directly into a zone of reduced pressure (i.e., a pressure less than that obtained in the impregnator) and immediately heated to an elevated temperature above the atmospheric pressure boiling point of water, preferably between 250 and 400 F. Usually the temperature is in excess of 200 F. higher than the boiling point temperature of the impregnating liquid at said reduced pressure. This immediate heating at reduced pressure causes the tobacco to expand quite rapidly in order to effect the desired increase in its filling capacity.
  • a zone of reduced pressure i.e., a pressure less than that obtained in the impregnator
  • the time for heating is generally less than 5, and suitably between I and 2, seconds following the pressure release.
  • the expansion heating step for the impregnated tobacco is effected in a stream of hot gas into which the tobacco is fed.
  • the gas is first heated to the appropriate temperature and the tobacco intermingled with it whereafter it expands rapidly.
  • this expansion is believed to occur within less than about 4 seconds at 250 to 400 F., although the process conditions and apparatus may be such that the tobacco remains in contact with the heated gas for a somewhat longer period. While temperatures of 250 to 400 F. are indicated as preferable, it is desirable that the tobacco not be maintained in contact with gases within this temperature range for any substantial length of time since the smoking qualities of the tobacco may become impaired.
  • the hot stream of tobacco and gases is passed to a separator for removing the tobacco from the gases.
  • the separated gases which may contain steam, air and a considerable percentage of vapors of the impregnating liquid, are reheated to the appropriate temperature and recycled for contact with additional impregnated tobacco withdrawn from the impregnator.
  • a vapor side stream may be removed before reheating and passed to a recovery system for separating water and air and for recycle of impregnating fluid usually in the form of a liquid back to the impregnator.
  • the tobacco discharged from the separator is steam stripped to remove all traces of the vapor of the impregnating fluid and is then reordered to the desired moisture content, usually 12 to l6 parts by weight of water per I00 parts by weight of tobacco (dry basis). During reordering the tobacco may be dressed and suitable flavorants may be added.
  • a feature of the invention is the provision of a procedure in which the impregnator contains the impregnating fluid in both the liquid phase and in the vapor phase.
  • the tobacco is introduced under the surface of the liquid phase of the fluid and the only withdrawal of impregnating fluid is through the upper portion of the impregnator. lnasmuch as the liquid drains back to the pool into which the tobacco is introduced and after an initial startup of the process, there is no net extraction of any flavorants or other aroma-producing substances from the tobacco so that the expanded product has essentially the same composition as the tobacco charged to the process.
  • shredded tobacco is passed by means of a conveyor 10 to a moistener 12 in which the moisture content of the tobacco, if necessary, is adjusted to between about 10 and 30 percent by weight dry basis. Suitably the moisture content is adjusted to 16 to 18 percent by weight. Under certain conditions of plant operation, the moisture content of the tobacco may already fall within the prescribed range and, accordingly, the tobacco charged to the process may bypass the moistener 12 by a conveyor 14 if desired.
  • the moistened tobacco from the moistener 12 or the bypass conveyor 14 or a confluence of both passes to a rotary star valve 16 via conduit 18.
  • the star valve serves to discharge the tobacco at a prescribed rate into the lower portion of an elongated impregnator 20.
  • the impregnator 20 is inclined at an angle (about 20) to the horizontal and is provided with a motor-driven screw conveyor 22 by which the tobacco is moved from the lower portion of the interior of the impregnator to the upper portion thereof.
  • the rotary star valve 16 prevents pressure release during the introduction of tobacco into the impregnator thereby permitting a suitable pressure to be maintained within the impregnator.
  • the selected organic liquid impregnating fluid is introduced into the lower portion of the impregnator via conduit 24.
  • the impregnator is provided with an external jacket for receiving a heat-exchange medium whereby the temperature of the tobacco and impregnating fluid moving into and through the impregnator may be controlled and, if desired, similar heat-exchange means (not shown) may be provided in the shaft of the screw conveyor 22.
  • the heatexchange means supplies the required heat of vaporization for the organic fluid and in the upper section of the impregnator prevents condensation of liquid which is not necessary or desired in that portion of the equipment.
  • a discharge conduit 26 At the upper portion of the impregnator there is provided a discharge conduit 26, a pressure release rotary star valve 28 and a conduit 30 which serves to discharge the impregnated tobacco directly into a stream of hot gas circulating through a conduit 32 and a vertical expander 34 of enlarged cross section to a tobacco separator 36 which may take the form of a conventional cyclone separator.
  • the rotary star valve 28 is arranged to discharge the tobacco from the impregnator without materially affecting the superatmospheric pressure maintained therein.
  • Tobacco is discharged from the bottom of the separator 36 through a conveyor 38 to a steam stripper 40 in which any residual organic fluid is separated from the expanded tobacco and conveyed through line 42 to a conventional organic liquid recovery unit 44.
  • Tobacco from the stripper 40 is moved by conveyor 46 to a reorderer 48 from which the final expanded tobacco product is discharged through a conveyor 50. In'the reorderer, sufficient water and sometimes flavoring and 1 dressing materials are added to provide the final desired product.
  • Water and air are withdrawn through lines 52 and 54 from the organic liquid recovery unit 44 and fresh organic liquicl is fed to the unit through conduit 56.
  • a level control valve 58 is provided in line 24 to regulate the flow of organic liquid to'the within the impregnator. Under these conditions the Freon vapors generate a superatmospheric pressure which is necessary to maintain the body or pool 62 of liquid in the lower portion of the impregnator.
  • the tobacco having been introduced underneath the surface of the organic liquid is thoroughly wetted and then elevated by the screw conveyor toward the upper portion of the impregnating zone. During this process the tobacco emerges from beneath the surface of the liquid and progresses upwardly through an atmosphere of saturated vapor and any excess liquid drains back to the pool 62.
  • Table I there is shown a material balance for one specific operation carried out in the apparatus shown in the drawing.
  • the impregnating fluid employed is trichloromonofluoromethane (Freon-l l and the temperature within the impregnator is approximately 112 F. at 15 pounds per square inch gauge pressure.
  • the volume of the impregnator 20 is approximately 300 cubic feet, the volume rate of flow of hot gas in the expander 34 is about-40,000 to 50,000 cubic feet per minute and the interval of time between the release of pressure with tobacco at the star valve 28 and its initial contact with the hot gas is less than 1 second.
  • the tobacco charged to the process is a shredded flue-cured tobacco.
  • Vapors to be recovered from the system are passed from the upper portion of the separator 36 through line 80 to the recovery system 44.
  • the preferred organic liquid for use in accordance with this invention is trichloromonofluoromethane (i.e., Freon-l 1) having an atmospheric pressure boiling temperature of approximately 74 F.
  • Freon-l 1 trichloromonofluoromethane having an atmospheric pressure boiling temperature of approximately 74 F.
  • the tobacco having the appropriate moisture content is passed into the impregnator 21) through the rotary valve 16 and deposited under the surface 60 of the pool 62 of the Freon maintained in the bottom of the impregnator.
  • This liquid level is maintained during operation by passing additional fluid to the impregnator through conduit 24in response to the liquid level control valve 58.
  • Heating fluid is passed to the jacltet oftfie impregnator 20 to supply the necessary heat of vapol izatiofr 2 Dry basis.
  • the product obtained from the process after reordering to a moisture content between about 1 1 and 13 parts by weight of water per parts by weight of tobacco (dry basis) in comparison with the tobacco charged to the impregnator is one in which its fillingcapacity has beenexpanded over 100 percent, as determined by the method described in the Moser and Stewart application.
  • This method is as follows: A compressometer is used which is essentially composed of a cylinder 9.5 centimeters in diameter with a graduated scale on the side. A piston 94 centimeters in diameter slides in the cylinder. Pressure is applied to the piston, and volume in milliliters of a given weight of tobacco, 100 grams, is determined. Experiments have shown that this apparatus will accurately determine the.
  • volume (filling capacity) of a given amount of cut tobacco with good reproducibility The pressure on the tobacco'applied by the piston is 2.30I pounds per square inch applied for 5 seconds, at which time the volume reading was taken. This pressure corresponds closely to the pressure normally applied by the wrapping paper to tobacco in cigarettes.
  • the product of the process is essentially free of compressed laminated tobacco particles which are found incident to the initial shredding of the tobacco used as a charge stock.
  • the product may be used to manufacture cigarettes in the conventional manner or it may be mixed with other tobaccos to provide a desired blend for use in the manufacture of cigarettes or other smoking articles.
  • a process of increasing the filling capacity of tobacco which comprises:
  • a process of increasing the filling capacity of tobaccb which comprises:
  • the process of claim 13 is which the gas separated from the expanded tobacco includes a substantial percentage of vapors of the organic fluid and at least a portion of which provides the stream into which the tobacco is passed from the im re nating zone.

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US806967A 1969-03-13 1969-03-13 A process for increasing the filling capacity of tobacco Expired - Lifetime US3575178A (en)

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US80696769A 1969-03-13 1969-03-13

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US (1) US3575178A (fr)
JP (1) JPS491879B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE746534R (fr)
BR (1) BR7017338D0 (fr)
CS (1) CS190310B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE2011527C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2038084B2 (fr)
GB (1) GB1253183A (fr)
HU (1) HU168547B (fr)
NL (1) NL139224B (fr)
PL (1) PL71502B1 (fr)
RO (1) RO71214A (fr)
SU (1) SU492061A3 (fr)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683937A (en) * 1970-12-24 1972-08-15 Reynolds Leasing Corp Tobacco expansion process
US3771533A (en) * 1970-08-31 1973-11-13 Philip Morris Inc Process for puffing tobacco
US3882874A (en) * 1969-09-22 1975-05-13 Reynolds Tobacco Co R Tobacco expansion process
US3994759A (en) * 1970-07-23 1976-11-30 Phillips Petroleum Company Needled nonwoven material and method for making same
USRE29298E (en) * 1971-11-30 1977-07-12 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Deposition of vaporized flavorant on tobacco
US4044780A (en) * 1975-09-05 1977-08-30 American Brands, Inc. Apparatus for total blend expansion
US4095605A (en) * 1976-09-02 1978-06-20 Reynolds Leasing Corporation Recovery system for use with a batch process for increasing the filling capacity of tobacco
JPS5596087A (en) * 1979-09-03 1980-07-21 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Method and apparatus for increasing volume of wet tobacco
US4257431A (en) * 1978-11-13 1981-03-24 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process for expanding tobacco
US4340073A (en) * 1974-02-12 1982-07-20 Philip Morris, Incorporated Expanding tobacco
FR2518373A1 (fr) * 1981-12-17 1983-06-24 American Brands Procede et appareil destines a augmenter le volume d'un tabac hache
USRE32013E (en) * 1974-02-12 1985-10-29 Philip Morris, Inc. Expanding tobacco
US4696313A (en) * 1983-06-10 1987-09-29 British-American Tobacco Company Limited Expansion of tobacco
EP0286423A2 (fr) * 1987-04-10 1988-10-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Procédé et appareil d'expansion du tabac
US4791942A (en) * 1986-08-01 1988-12-20 The American Tobacco Company Process and apparatus for the expansion of tobacco
US5037663A (en) * 1981-10-14 1991-08-06 Colorado State University Research Foundation Process for increasing the reactivity of cellulose-containing materials
US5251648A (en) * 1990-10-04 1993-10-12 Japan Tobacco Inc. Method for plumping and moisture regulating cut tobacco
US5311885A (en) * 1991-05-20 1994-05-17 Japan Tobacco Inc. Expanding apparatus for agricultural product such as tobacco material
US5360022A (en) * 1991-07-22 1994-11-01 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco processing
US5365950A (en) * 1991-05-20 1994-11-22 Japan Tobacco Inc. Expanding apparatus for agricultural product or the like
EP0764408A2 (fr) * 1995-09-25 1997-03-26 British-American Tobacco (Germany) GmbH Méthode et appareil pour appauvrir en nitrate les cÔtes de tabac
US5908034A (en) * 1997-12-08 1999-06-01 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Method for making a band cast reconstituted tobacco sheet using steam exploded tobacco
US5947128A (en) * 1997-12-08 1999-09-07 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Method for making a reconstituted tobacco sheet using steam exploded tobacco
US6082369A (en) * 1995-10-19 2000-07-04 Imperial Tobacco Limited Process for treating tobacco
US6125855A (en) * 1996-02-08 2000-10-03 Imperial Tobacco Limited Process for expanding tobacco
US6575170B1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2003-06-10 Ravi Prasad Method and apparatus for expanding tobacco material
US20040182404A1 (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-09-23 Poindexter Dale Bowman Method of expanding tobacco using steam
CN110881680A (zh) * 2019-11-15 2020-03-17 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种浸梗机生产用水节能装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8416084D0 (en) * 1984-06-23 1984-07-25 British American Tobacco Co Expansion of tobacco
DE10304629B4 (de) * 2003-02-05 2008-10-30 British American Tobacco (Germany) Gmbh Druckkonditionierungsverfahren

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US283622A (en) * 1883-08-21 Oscae libbeeich and hugo michaelis
US1577768A (en) * 1922-06-07 1926-03-23 Homer W Smith Tobacco denicotinization
US2227863A (en) * 1938-02-14 1941-01-07 Kinetic Chemicals Inc Extraction of tobacco with fluorochlorohydrocarbons
US2653093A (en) * 1953-06-12 1953-09-22 Guardite Corp Puffed organic material and method of making same
US2759858A (en) * 1953-09-09 1956-08-21 John M Baer Puffing of tobacco and tobacco products
CA646439A (en) * 1962-08-07 Imperial Tobacco Company Of Canada Process of treating and improving tobacco
US3394709A (en) * 1964-04-13 1968-07-30 Inca Inks Treatment of tobacco

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US283622A (en) * 1883-08-21 Oscae libbeeich and hugo michaelis
CA646439A (en) * 1962-08-07 Imperial Tobacco Company Of Canada Process of treating and improving tobacco
US1577768A (en) * 1922-06-07 1926-03-23 Homer W Smith Tobacco denicotinization
US2227863A (en) * 1938-02-14 1941-01-07 Kinetic Chemicals Inc Extraction of tobacco with fluorochlorohydrocarbons
US2653093A (en) * 1953-06-12 1953-09-22 Guardite Corp Puffed organic material and method of making same
US2759858A (en) * 1953-09-09 1956-08-21 John M Baer Puffing of tobacco and tobacco products
US3394709A (en) * 1964-04-13 1968-07-30 Inca Inks Treatment of tobacco

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Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3882874A (en) * 1969-09-22 1975-05-13 Reynolds Tobacco Co R Tobacco expansion process
US3994759A (en) * 1970-07-23 1976-11-30 Phillips Petroleum Company Needled nonwoven material and method for making same
US3771533A (en) * 1970-08-31 1973-11-13 Philip Morris Inc Process for puffing tobacco
US3683937A (en) * 1970-12-24 1972-08-15 Reynolds Leasing Corp Tobacco expansion process
USRE29298E (en) * 1971-11-30 1977-07-12 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Deposition of vaporized flavorant on tobacco
US4340073A (en) * 1974-02-12 1982-07-20 Philip Morris, Incorporated Expanding tobacco
USRE32013E (en) * 1974-02-12 1985-10-29 Philip Morris, Inc. Expanding tobacco
US4044780A (en) * 1975-09-05 1977-08-30 American Brands, Inc. Apparatus for total blend expansion
US4095605A (en) * 1976-09-02 1978-06-20 Reynolds Leasing Corporation Recovery system for use with a batch process for increasing the filling capacity of tobacco
US4257431A (en) * 1978-11-13 1981-03-24 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process for expanding tobacco
JPS561069B2 (fr) * 1979-09-03 1981-01-10
JPS5596087A (en) * 1979-09-03 1980-07-21 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Method and apparatus for increasing volume of wet tobacco
US5037663A (en) * 1981-10-14 1991-08-06 Colorado State University Research Foundation Process for increasing the reactivity of cellulose-containing materials
FR2518373A1 (fr) * 1981-12-17 1983-06-24 American Brands Procede et appareil destines a augmenter le volume d'un tabac hache
DE3246513A1 (de) * 1981-12-17 1983-07-21 American Brands, Inc., New York, N.Y. Verfahren zum auflockern von tabak
US4407306A (en) * 1981-12-17 1983-10-04 American Brands, Inc. Method for expanding tobacco with steam at high temperature and velocity
DE3246513C2 (de) * 1981-12-17 1998-09-03 American Tobacco Co Verfahren zum Auflockern von Tabak
US4696313A (en) * 1983-06-10 1987-09-29 British-American Tobacco Company Limited Expansion of tobacco
US4791942A (en) * 1986-08-01 1988-12-20 The American Tobacco Company Process and apparatus for the expansion of tobacco
US4870980A (en) * 1987-04-10 1989-10-03 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco expansion process and apparatus
EP0286423A3 (fr) * 1987-04-10 1990-05-23 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Procédé et appareil d'expansion du tabac
EP0286423A2 (fr) * 1987-04-10 1988-10-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Procédé et appareil d'expansion du tabac
US5251648A (en) * 1990-10-04 1993-10-12 Japan Tobacco Inc. Method for plumping and moisture regulating cut tobacco
US5365950A (en) * 1991-05-20 1994-11-22 Japan Tobacco Inc. Expanding apparatus for agricultural product or the like
US5311885A (en) * 1991-05-20 1994-05-17 Japan Tobacco Inc. Expanding apparatus for agricultural product such as tobacco material
US5360022A (en) * 1991-07-22 1994-11-01 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco processing
EP0764408A2 (fr) * 1995-09-25 1997-03-26 British-American Tobacco (Germany) GmbH Méthode et appareil pour appauvrir en nitrate les cÔtes de tabac
EP0764408A3 (fr) * 1995-09-25 1998-02-04 British-American Tobacco (Germany) GmbH Méthode et appareil pour appauvrir en nitrate les cÔtes de tabac
US5791353A (en) * 1995-09-25 1998-08-11 Brown & Williamson Tobaccco Corporation Method and apparatus for denitrating tobacco stem material
AU705244B2 (en) * 1995-09-25 1999-05-20 British-American Tobacco (Germany) Gmbh Method and apparatus for denitrating tobacco stem material
US6082369A (en) * 1995-10-19 2000-07-04 Imperial Tobacco Limited Process for treating tobacco
US6125855A (en) * 1996-02-08 2000-10-03 Imperial Tobacco Limited Process for expanding tobacco
US5947128A (en) * 1997-12-08 1999-09-07 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Method for making a reconstituted tobacco sheet using steam exploded tobacco
US5908034A (en) * 1997-12-08 1999-06-01 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Method for making a band cast reconstituted tobacco sheet using steam exploded tobacco
US6575170B1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2003-06-10 Ravi Prasad Method and apparatus for expanding tobacco material
US20040182404A1 (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-09-23 Poindexter Dale Bowman Method of expanding tobacco using steam
US7556047B2 (en) 2003-03-20 2009-07-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of expanding tobacco using steam
CN110881680A (zh) * 2019-11-15 2020-03-17 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种浸梗机生产用水节能装置

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BR7017338D0 (pt) 1973-02-15
NL139224B (nl) 1973-07-16
JPS491879B1 (fr) 1974-01-17
GB1253183A (fr) 1971-11-10
FR2038084B2 (fr) 1975-11-21
DE2011527A1 (de) 1970-09-17
FR2038084A2 (fr) 1971-01-08
NL7003046A (fr) 1970-09-15
SU492061A3 (ru) 1975-11-15
RO71214A (fr) 1982-05-10
HU168547B (fr) 1976-05-28
BE746534R (fr) 1970-08-26
DE2011527B2 (de) 1978-03-09
CS190310B2 (en) 1979-05-31
PL71502B1 (en) 1974-06-29
DE2011527C3 (de) 1978-11-16

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