US3572301A - Vacuum advance mechanism for ignition distributors of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Vacuum advance mechanism for ignition distributors of internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3572301A
US3572301A US787021A US3572301DA US3572301A US 3572301 A US3572301 A US 3572301A US 787021 A US787021 A US 787021A US 3572301D A US3572301D A US 3572301DA US 3572301 A US3572301 A US 3572301A
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United States
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
suction
chamber
advance mechanism
internal combustion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US787021A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harald Kalippke
Eduard Lochbrunner
Wolfgang Krill
Leo Steinke
Wilfried Julicher
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/05—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means
    • F02P5/10—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means dependent on fluid pressure in engine, e.g. combustion-air pressure
    • F02P5/103—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means dependent on fluid pressure in engine, e.g. combustion-air pressure dependent on the combustion-air pressure in engine

Definitions

  • a vacuum advance mechanism for the breaker plate in the ignition distributor of an internal combustion engine comprises a housing defining two suction chambers each flanked by a separate diaphragm.
  • One of the chambers is connected with a first region of the intake manifold where the suction increases when the engine operates at partial load, i.e., when the spark should be advanced.
  • the other chamber communicates with a second region of the intake manifold where the suction increases during idling or coasting of the engine.
  • the diaphragms which respectively flank the one and the other chamber move or effect movement of the breaker plate in the ignition distributor in opposite directions when the suction in the respective chambers increases.
  • the present invention relates to improvements in vacuum advance mechanisms for ignition distributors of internal combustion engines.
  • German utility model No. 1,965,999 discloses a vacuum advance mechanism with two suction chambers which are separated from each other by a flexible diaphragm.
  • the latter is linked to the breaker plate of the ignition distributor and can either delay or advance the spark.
  • the vacuum advance mechanism further comprises a switchover device which connects one of the chambers with the intake manifold when the engine operates at partial load whereby the diaphragm advances the spark and insures complete combustion of fuel.
  • the switchover device connects the intake manifold with the other chamber when the engine is idling or coasting whereby the spark is delayed to insure that the combustion products contain a smaller percentage of toxic ingredients.
  • the position of the diaphragm and of the breaker plate is a function of the pressure differential between the two suction chambers.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a vacuum advance mechanism wherein the displacing means which transmits motion to the breaker plate of the ignition distributor need not pass through a suction chamber with attendant elimination of problems as regards proper sealing of suction chambers.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a vacuum advance mechanism wherein the displacing means which adjusts the breaker plate can be moved without any frictional engagement with other parts of the mechanism.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide a vacuum advance mechanism which can adjust the breaker plate within a desired range, either to advance or to delay the spark.
  • the invention is embodied in a vacuum advance mechanism which comprises a housing defining two suction chambers each communicating with a different portion of the intake manifold in an internal combustion engine, a pair of diaphragms installed in the housing and each flanking a portion of one of the suction chambers to undergo deformation in response to pressure changes in the respective chamber, and displacing means movable in a first direction to thereby displace the breaker plate of the ignition distributor in one direction (to advance the spark) in response to deformation of one of the diaphragms as a result of a drop in pressure in the chamber flanked by the one diaphragm (such drop in pressure takes place when the engine is operated at partial load).
  • the displacing means is further movable in a second direction to thereby displace the breaker plate in another direction in response to deformation of the other diaphragm as a result of a drop in pressure in the chamber which is flanked by the other diaphragm (such drop in pressure takes place during idling or coasting of the engine).
  • the arrangement is preferably such that the displacing means (e.g., a link or a rod) is connected with the one diaphragm and that the one diaphragm is acted upon by a spring or analogous biasing means which deforms the one diaphragm to move the displacing means in the second direction in response to increasing pressure in the chamber flanked by the one diaphragm simultaneously with decreasing pressure in the other chamber.
  • the mechanism further comprises abutment means provided on or connected with the other diaphragm and arranged to hold the one diaphragm against deformation under the action of the spring when the suction in the chamber flanked by the other diaphragm is low (i.e., when the engine is not idling or coasting).
  • the chamber which is flanked by the other diaphragm is preferably of annular shape and surrounds with clearance the displacing means so that the latter can extend from the housing without any frictional engagement with the parts of such housing.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a vacuum advance mechanism which embodied one form of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an axial sectional view of a second vacuum advance mechanism
  • FIG. 3 is a smaller-scale side elevational view of the second vacuum advance mechanism, further showing in axial section the intake manifold and in partial section the ignition distributor of the internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a vacuum advance mechanism which comprises a diaphragm assembly 10, a support 11 for the assembly and a casing 12 which accommodates a conventional ignition distributor.
  • the housing of the as sembly 10 is welded to the support 11; this housing comprises two cupped portions including a base portion or bottom 13 and a top portion or cover 14.
  • the bottom 13 accommodates a corrugated ring-shaped carrier 15 of sheet metal which supports an annular diaphragm 16, and a rigid distancing ring 17.
  • a second annular diaphragm 18 is installed between the distancing ring 17 and the cover 14.
  • the marginal portion of the bottom 13 is formed with a shoulder 19 which constitutes an abutment for the annular marginal portion of the carrier 15 and with an inwardly extending annular collar 20 which overlies the marginal portion of the cover 14.
  • the latter defines with the diaphragm 18 a suction chamber 21.
  • the annular central portion of the diaphragm 18 is flanked by two stiffening rings 22, 23 and is coupled to one end of a motion transmitting or displacing link 24 which can adjust the breaker plate in the casing 12.
  • the link 24 extends with substantial clearance through a central aperture 25 in the bottom 13 and with minimal clearance through a slot 26 of the support 11.
  • the central portion of the cover 14 is provided with a s cket 27 for one end of a slightly stressed helical spring 28 which bears against the stiffening ring 22 and reacts against the cover 14 to urge the annular central portion of the diaphragm 18 toward the distancing ring 17.
  • a nipple 29 of synthetic thermoplastic material is sealingly received in an opening of the cover 14 and connects the suction chamber 21 with a suction pipe or hose which is connected to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine.
  • the diaphragm 16 defines with the carrier 15 of the housing an annular suction chamber 30 which is sealed from the suction chamber 21.
  • the displacing link 24 extends centrally and with clearance through the space surrounded by the suction chamber 30.
  • a nipple 31 is soldered to the carrier 15 and connects the suction chamber 30 with the intake manifold by Way of a suction conduit or pipe, not shown.
  • the nipple 31 extends through an opening 32 in the bottom 13. The point where the nipple 31 communicates with the intake manifold is located upon the arm of the throttle.
  • the annular inner edge portion 33 of the carrier 15 is bent over the adjoining central portion of the diaphragm 16 and maintains the latter in sealing engagement with a gasket 34.
  • the diaphragm 16 is connected with an abutment 35 for the diaphragm 18.
  • the abutment 35 is shifted axially against the opposition of a spring 36 in response to increasing vacuum in the suction chamber 30.
  • the central portion of the abutment 35 constitutes a cup provided with a bottom wall 38 which abuts against the stiffening ring 23 at the right-hand side of the diaphragm 18 to maintain the latter against movement beyond the illustrated position.
  • the bottom wall 38 has a central opening 37 for the link 24.
  • the peripheral portion of the abutment 35 is coupled to the diaphragm 16 by several rivets 40 each of which passes through a sealing ring 39.
  • the spring 36 extends centrally through the space which is surrounded by the suction chamber 30 and bears against the bottom wall 38.
  • This spring reacts against the bottom 13 and the latter is provided with an annular head 41 which centers the rightmost convolution of the spring 36.
  • the head 41 surrounds the aforementioned aperture 25 in the bottom 13-.
  • the aperture 25 connects the compartment 9 in the assembly 10- With the atmosphere. This compartment is located between the suction chambers 21 and 30; therefore, each of the diaphragms 16, 18 can operate independently of the other diaphragm.
  • the extent to which the diaphragms 16, 18 are flexed in response to changes in pressure in the chambers 21, 30 can be determined in advance by appropriate stressing of the springs 28 and 36 so as to insure that the vacuum advance mechanism will operate properly at all stages of operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the nipple 29 connects the suction chamber 21 with a point immediately upstream of the throttle in the intake manifold.
  • the diaphragm 18 serves as a means for advancing the spark, for example, beyond the advance produced by a conventional centrifugal mechanism of the ignition distributor. As long as the suction in chamber 21 suflices to overcome the bias of the spring 28, the diaphragm 18 is flexed in a direction to the left, as in-. dicated by the arrow, and the link 24 adjusts the breaker plate of the ignition distributor in a sense to advance the spark.
  • the diaphragm 16 serves to delay the spark and is effective when the suction in chamber 21 decreases so that the diaphragm 18 cannot compress the spring 28, i.e., when the spring 28 can urge the stiffening ring 23 against the bottom wall 38 and when the suction in chamber 30 suflices to elfect movement of the abutment 35 in a direction away from the cover 14.
  • the spring 28 then flexes the central portion of diaphragm 18 in a direction to the right to the extent determined by suction in the chamber 30.
  • suction in the chamber 21 decreases, i.e., the pressure in the passage of the nipple 29 may rise to atmospheric pressure.
  • the range of adjustments is limited by the length of two lateral cutouts 42 in the link 24. These cutouts flank a neck portion of the link which is reciprocable'in the aforementioned slot 26 of the support 11.
  • the maximum spark advance or the maximum delay of spark is determined by the length of cutouts 42, namely, by shoulders 43 which flank the longitudinal ends of the cutouts 42.
  • the link 24 can be provided with a single cutout 42 or that the vacuum advance mechanism can be provided with different means for limiting the extent of movement of the link 24 in response to suction in the chamber 21 or 30.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a second vacuum advance mechanism which includes a diaphragm assembly comprising a housing composed of a bottom 51 and a cover 54.
  • the bottom 51 has a central opening 52 for a motion transmitting or displacing link 53.
  • the cover 54 has an opening for a plastic nipple 55 which connects a suction chamber 61 with the intake manifold in the same way as described in connection with the chamber 21 and nipple 29.
  • the bottom 51 has a shoulder 59 and an inwardly extending collar 60. The space between the parts 59, 60 accommodates the marginal portion of a .first annular diaphragm 56 and the marginal portion of a rigid distancing ring 57.
  • the suction chamber 61 extends between the cover 54 and diaphragm 56.
  • a slightly stressed helical spring 62 reacts against the cover 54 and bears against a stiffening ring 63 at the left-hand side of the annular central portion of the diaphragm 56.
  • a second stiffening ring 64 is adjacent to the central portion of the diaphragm 56 opposite the ring 63.
  • the left-hand end portion of the link 53 is rigidly connected with the central portion of the diaphragm 56 by way of the rings 63, 64.
  • the bottom 51 surrounds a second suction chamber 66 which communicates with the passage of a nipple 65.
  • the latter is soldered to the bottom 51 and corresponds to the nipple 31 of FIG. 1.
  • the left-hand side of the suction chamber 66 is sealed by a second diaphragm 58 whose marginal portion is clamped between the shoulder 59 and ring 57.
  • the annular central portion of the diaphragm 8 is connected with an abutment 67 which is a sleeve and is connected with the diaphragm 58 by way of two stiffening rings 68, 69.
  • the sleeve 67 surrounds the link 53 in the interior of the bottom 51.
  • a radial projection 53a of the link 53 can follow axial movement of the sleeve 67 when the vacuum advance mechanism is to delay the spark. i.e., when the sleeve 67 moves in a direction to the right in response to increasing vacuum in the chamber 66 and when the spring 62 is free to push the link 53 in a direction away from the cover 54.
  • the left-hand end of the sleeve 67 forms a collar 70 which is then engaged by the projection 53a.
  • a third annular diaphragm 71 seals the right-hand side of the suction chamber 66.
  • the annular central portion of the diaphragm 71 is flanked by two stiffening rings 72 which are aflixed to the sleeve 67.
  • the marginal portion of the diaphragm 71 is clamped between a shoulder 75 of the bottom 51 and a clamping ring 73.
  • the ring 73 is biased by a prestressed helical spring 74 which operates between the stiffening ring 68 and ring 73 to urge the latter in a direction to the right, as viewed in FIG. 2.
  • the assembly 50 is mounted on a support 76 which has two tongues 77 facing each other at the opposite sides of the link 53.
  • the tongues 77 extend into cutouts 78 of the link 53 and perform the same function as that portion of the support 11 which extends into the cutouts 42 of the link 24 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the shoulders 79 which flank the longitudinal ends of the cutouts 78 determine the extent of lengthwise displacement of the link 53 in response to flexing of the diaphragm 56 or 58.
  • the tongues 77 are preferably deformable and thus enable an operator to compensate for eventual tolerances in the machining and assembly of parts shown in FIG. 2.
  • the tongues 77 are moved into registry with reference marks 80 on the link 53.
  • This is the zero setting of the vacuum advance mechanism.
  • This mechanism is used to control an ignition distributor which is further controlled by a customary centrifugal mechanism.
  • the range of adjustments is 3.5 millimeters for spark advance (corresponding to displacement of the ignition distributor shaft through an angle of about degrees) and 3.15 millimeters for delaying the spark (this corresponds to displacement of the shaft through an angle of about 9 degrees). It is clear, however, that the vacuum advance mechanism of our invention can be employed as the only means for advancing or delaying the spark, i.e., without resorting to a centrifugal advance mechanism. The range of adjustments is then altered accordingly.
  • the compartment 85 in the assembly 50 communicates with the atmosphere by way of the central opening 52 in the bottom 51. Therefore, the diaphragm 56 can be flexed independently of the diaphragm 58 and vice versa. That portion of the compartment 85 which is immediately adjacent to the right-hand side of the diaphragm 56- communicates with the atmosphere through the interior of the sleeve 67.
  • the diaphragm 56 advances the spark by moving in the link 53 in a direction to the left when the suction in chamber 61 suflices to overcome the bias of the spring 62.
  • the diaphragm 58 is effective when the engine is idling or coasting; it causes the sleeve 67 to move to the right whereby the spring 62 pushes the link 53 in the same direction to delay the spark.
  • the spring 62 moves the diaphragm 56 to neutral or zero position and, as the suction in the chamber 66 increases, the diaphragm 58 overcomes the bias of the spring 74 and enables the sleeve 67 to move in a direction to the right whereby the spring 62 expands and pushes the central portion of the diaphragm 56 (and hence the displacing link '53) in a direction to the right whereby the link delays the spark by effecting appropriate adjustment of the breaker plate in the ignition distributor. Since the two diaphragms operate independently of each other when the suction in the corresponding chambers increases, the vacuum advance mechanism of FIG. 1 or 2 can be used in many types of internal combustion engines because the extent of movement of the displacing link 24 or 53 can be regulated by appropriate stressing of springs which bias the diaphragms 16, 18 or 56, 58.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an ignition distributor which is operatively connected with the diaphragm assembly 50 of FIG. 2 by means of the link 53.
  • the nipples 55 and 65 of the assembly 50 are connected with suction conduits 91, 92.
  • the intake manifold 93 of the internal combustion engine contains a throttle 94 whose shaft is shown at 94a.
  • the throttle 94 is illustrated in its closed position; when the throttle opens in response to rotation of the shaft 94a in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 3, the mixture of fuel and air flows in the direction indicated by the arrow.
  • the conduit 91 is connected to an opening 95 of the intake manifold 93 which is located immediately upstream of the throttle 94.
  • the suction chamber 61 in the diaphragm assembly 50 of FIGS. 2 and 3 is maintained under vacuum so that the link 53 adjusts the interrupter device 97 in the housing 90a of the ignition distributor 90 in a direction to advance the spark.
  • the conduit 92 is connected with an opening 96 of the intake manifold; this opening 96 is located downstream of the throttle 94.
  • the throttle 94 is held in closed position and the interior of the manifold 93 downstream of the throttle is maintained at below atmospheric pressure.
  • the suction is communicated to the chamber 66 by way of the conduit 92 whereby the abutment 67 moves in a direction to delay the spark by way of the link 53.
  • a vacuum advance mechanism for the breaker plate in the ignition distributor of an internal combustion engine having an intake manifold comprising a housing defining two suction chambers each communicating with a different portion of the manifold; a pair of diaphragms installed in said housing and each flanking a portion of one of said chambers to undergo deformation in response to a pressure change in the respective chamber; displacing means movable in a first direction to thereby displace the breaker plate in one direction in response to deformation of one of said diaphragms as a resultof a drop in pressure in the respective chamber, said displacing means being connected with said one diaphragm and being movable in a second direction to thereby displace the breaker plate in another direction in response to deformation of the other diaphragm as a result of a pressure drop in the respective chamber; biasing means for deforming said one diaphragm and for thereby moving said displacing means in the second direction in response to increasing pressure in that chamber which is flanked
  • said abutment means comprises a cupped portion which includes a bottom wall abutting against said one diaphragm when the latter undergoes deformation under the action of said biasing means, said displacing means being arranged to advance the spark on movement in said first direction and to delay the spark on movement in said second direction.
  • a mechanism as defined in claim 4, wherein said abutment means comprises an annular marginal portion affixed to said other diaphragm.
  • said other diaphragm is of annular shape and includes annular central and marginal portions affixed to said housing and a median portion afiixed to the marginal portion of said abutment means.
  • said housing comprises retainer means for said second biasing means and wherein said second biasing means surrounds said displacing means and is surrounded by the chamber flanked by said other diaphragm.
  • said abutment means comprises a sleeve and said other diaphragm is of annular shape and comprises an annular central portion affixed to said sleeve, said sleeve surrounding a portion of said displacing means.
  • said sleeve and said displacing means comprise cooperating portions which permit movement of said displacing means in said second direction to the extent determined by deformation of said other diaphragm in response to decreasing pressure in the respective chamber, said displacing means being arranged to delay the spark in response to movement in said second direction.
  • a vacuum advance mechanism for the breaker plate in the ignition distributor of an internal combustion engine having an intake manifold comprising a housing definng two suction chambers each communicating with a different portion of the manifold; a pair of diaphragms installed in said housing and each flanking a portion of one of said chambers to undergo deformation in response to a pressure change in the respective chamber; displacing means movable in a first direction to thereby displace the breaker plate in one direction in response to deformation of one of said diaphragms as a result of a drop in pressure in the respective chamber, said displacing means being movable in a second direction to thereby displace the breaker plate in another direction in response to deformation of the other diaphragm as a result of a pressure drop in the respective chamber; and support means for said housing, said support means comprising means for limiting the extent of movement of said displacing means in said first and second directions.
  • said limiting means comprises at least one projection located between two longitudinally spaced shoulders provided on said displacing means.
US787021A 1968-01-05 1968-12-26 Vacuum advance mechanism for ignition distributors of internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3572301A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1601425 1968-01-05

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US787021A Expired - Lifetime US3572301A (en) 1968-01-05 1968-12-26 Vacuum advance mechanism for ignition distributors of internal combustion engines

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US (1) US3572301A (fr)
AT (1) AT290219B (fr)
BR (1) BR6905313D0 (fr)
CH (1) CH473984A (fr)
DE (1) DE1601425C3 (fr)
ES (1) ES362124A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1591493A (fr)
GB (1) GB1245162A (fr)
SE (1) SE338470B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3735743A (en) * 1969-12-24 1973-05-29 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Apparatus for adjusting the ignition timing for use in internal combustion engines
US3913540A (en) * 1973-02-09 1975-10-21 Hayashi Seiko Kabushiki Kaisha Antipollution apparatus for motor vehicle engines
FR2393157A1 (fr) * 1977-06-03 1978-12-29 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Appareil de commande pneumatique de moteur a combustion interne

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3659501A (en) * 1970-03-03 1972-05-02 Ford Motor Co Multi-diaphragm vacuum servo
GB1387425A (en) * 1971-07-02 1975-03-19 Lucas Industries Ltd Vacuum operable units for ignition distributors
JPS5119242A (en) * 1974-08-09 1976-02-16 Honda Motor Co Ltd Enjinniokeru tenkajikino seigyosochi
DE2714374A1 (de) * 1976-05-26 1977-12-08 Nippon Denso Co Verstellvorrichtung fuer zuendverteiler
DE2738886C2 (de) * 1977-08-29 1992-10-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Betriebsverhaltens einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Fremdzündung beim Beginn, im und nach dem Schubbetrieb
DE2838726A1 (de) * 1978-09-06 1980-03-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Zuendverteiler fuer brennkraftmaschinen
JPS6330598Y2 (fr) * 1980-06-14 1988-08-16
DE3135044A1 (de) * 1981-09-04 1983-03-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Zuendverteiler fuer brennkraftmaschinen

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2596830A (en) * 1949-01-12 1952-05-13 George M Holley Ignition device
US2738808A (en) * 1950-10-14 1956-03-20 Gen Motors Corp Spring biased diaphragm device
DE1965999U (de) * 1966-02-11 1967-08-10 Nippon Denso Co Zuendverteiler fuer brennkraftmaschinen mit einem unterdruckzuendversteller.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3735743A (en) * 1969-12-24 1973-05-29 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Apparatus for adjusting the ignition timing for use in internal combustion engines
US3913540A (en) * 1973-02-09 1975-10-21 Hayashi Seiko Kabushiki Kaisha Antipollution apparatus for motor vehicle engines
FR2393157A1 (fr) * 1977-06-03 1978-12-29 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Appareil de commande pneumatique de moteur a combustion interne

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Publication number Publication date
DE1601425B2 (de) 1980-07-24
ES362124A1 (es) 1970-11-01
SE338470B (fr) 1971-09-06
DE1601425A1 (de) 1971-01-07
GB1245162A (en) 1971-09-08
AT290219B (de) 1971-05-25
BR6905313D0 (pt) 1973-06-26
CH473984A (de) 1969-06-15
DE1601425C3 (de) 1981-04-09
FR1591493A (fr) 1970-04-27

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