US3566860A - Carbon-impregnated body electrode - Google Patents

Carbon-impregnated body electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
US3566860A
US3566860A US785577A US3566860DA US3566860A US 3566860 A US3566860 A US 3566860A US 785577 A US785577 A US 785577A US 3566860D A US3566860D A US 3566860DA US 3566860 A US3566860 A US 3566860A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
skin
adhesive
patient
carbon
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Expired - Lifetime
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US785577A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lucas H Moe Jr
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RTX Corp
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United Aircraft Corp
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Publication date
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
    • A61N1/0496—Patch electrodes characterised by using specific chemical compositions, e.g. hydrogel compositions, adhesives

Definitions

  • a carbon-impregnated plastic or metallic male electrode is disposed within a body contacting adhesive coated web, the electrode being secured to the skin of a patient by the adhesive for the purpose of conducting electrical currents to and from the body of the patient.
  • a conductive paste or jelly may be used to enhance conduction through the junction of the electrode with the body, if desired.
  • This invention relates to body electrodes, and more particulariy to an improved one-piece body electrode.
  • one electrode known to the prior art comprises a nickel coated copper electrode which is formed by crimping, during the process of which a portion of the nickel is removed from the surface of the copper.
  • the conductive jelly can nonetheless react therewith, particularly in the presence of an electric current.
  • the galvanic action between the various metals and the conductive paste forms compounds which in turn irritate the skin. This suggests that rather than the jelly itself being an irritant, it is the combination of the electrodes with the jelly in the presence of an electric current which'causes skin irritation.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a body electrode which is simple and inexpensive to make, and which avoids the generation of skin irritants as a result of contact with an electrically conductive paste orjelly in the presence of an electrical current.
  • a body electrode comprises a single male portion composed of a relatively inert material such as phenolic resin, carbon-impregnated fluorocarbon, or a relatively inactive metal in combination with a single adhesive member for securing the electrode to the skin of a patient.
  • a relatively inert material such as phenolic resin, carbon-impregnated fluorocarbon, or a relatively inactive metal
  • the electrode By eliminating the use of crimped, plated metal in the electrode which is applied to the body of the wearer, galvanic reactions with electrically conductive pastes are avoided, thus minimizing the chances of generating skin irritants in the presence of an electric current. Furthermore, the simplicity of the construction permits mass production at very low cost, thus enhancing the value of the electrode as a disposable adjunctive modality in monitoring heart waves as well as in other electromedical processes known to the art.
  • the electrode when made in the fashion of a male portion of a snap fastener, may be utilized with female snap conductors applied to the leads of electrical monitoring equipment, in the same fashion as electrodes heretofore available.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross section of a body electrode in accordance with the present invention, illustrating protective peal off layers utilized during shipment and handling of the electrode;
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of an adhesive patch which may be used with the embodiments herein, including a circular hole cut in the center and square overall configuration;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of an adhesive patch which may be utilized with the embodiments herein, including an overall configuration of generally circular symmetry, and crossed slots therein to permit the passage of the electrode therethrough; and
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section of the electrode when applied to a body for utilization thereof.
  • the body electrode in accordance with the present invention comprises a principal portion 10 which is composed of a plastic such as nylon, Teflon or silicone rubber, impregnated with electrically conductive material, such as carbon or graphite.
  • a particularly advantageous composition is polytetrafluoroethylene, or Teflon impregnated with graphite which is marketed under the trade name Formulation LF-2l9 by the Polymer Corporation, Reading, Pa, (the precise composition of which is not revealed by the maker to the general public).
  • a second preferred material is a moldable, conductive phenolic resin marketed under the identification of No. 0575 by Beckwith Carbon Corporation; Van Nuys, Cal.; the composition of this material is unknown to the public.
  • it may comprise nickel or silver plated copper, or a solid conductive metal.
  • the main electrode piece 10 has a configuration which gives it a wide contact surface l2 for contact with the skin, and a neck portion 14 on which a crown portion 16 is disposed. This permits it to act as the male portion of a snap fastener, in the same fashion as that described in said Berman et al. patent, as is well known in the art.
  • the neck portion 14 may be straightened, thus avoiding need for a two-piece mold, if desired.
  • the adhesive patch 18 is fitted around the neck portion M of the electrode l0 so as to permit the electrode 10 to be readily secured to the skin of a patient.
  • the adhesive patch 18 may take the configuration of the patch lltla shown in plan view in H6. 2, or it may take the configuration of the patch 18b shown in FIG. 3.
  • it may have an overall configuration which is either square or round or in any other suitable shape, and it may be provided with a hole 20 to permit passage of the neck 14 and crown to therethrough, or it may be provided with crossed cuts 22 (which may be single dimension cuts, or slits or slots).
  • crossed cuts 22 which may be single dimension cuts, or slits or slots.
  • other suitable accommodations may be formed in the patch l8 so as to permit passage of the neck and crown of the electrode 10 therethrough.
  • the adhesive patch 18 may have adhesive applied throughout the entire bottom edge 24 thereof, it is not necessary that adhesive actually contact the electrode 10. That is, an area commensurate with the area of the patch 18 which contacts the electrode 10 may have no adhesive applied thereto, if desired to suit any implementation of the present invention. This is so because the adhesive in any case will readily hold the electrode to the skin of the wearer, and the combination of the adhesive with a pair of pealoff protective layers 26, 28 will hold the various parts together during shipment and handling.
  • the pealoff portions 26, 28 may be of any conventional form, such as that illustrated in the Berrnan et al. patent.
  • the body electrode in accordance with the present invention is applied to the skin of a patient in a conventional manner as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • a small amount of conductive jelly or paste 3ft may be applied to a spot on the skin 32 of the wearer where the electrode is to be positioned.
  • the pealoff protective layers 26, 28 (FIG. 1) are removed so that the electrode may be applied directly to the area covered with the conductive paste 30.
  • the adhesive patch i8 is then pressed to the skin so as to tightly seal the conductive jelly or paste within the confines of the adhesive bond, and to press the surface 12 of the electrode in electrically conductive relation to the paste 30 at the point of contact with the skin.
  • the nature of the contact made is described more fully in said Berman et al. patent.
  • an electrode in accordance with the present invention avoids the use of any electrolytically active metallic parts in contact with the skin, or in contact with the conductive paste or jelly. Thus, electrolysis is avoided, whereby the possibility of generating skin irritants is minimized. Also, it is obvious that a body electrode in accordance with the present invention can be manufactured at a very low cost since only two parts are involved, and the electrode portion 10 may be molded in accordance with molding techniques well known in the art.
  • a body electrode consisting solely of:
  • a one-piece electrode portion consisting of carbon-impregnated plastic material selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene and phenolic resin, and having an enlarged skin contact area, and neck and crown sections forming a male snap fastener;
  • an adhesive webbing having adhesive disposed on one side thereof and having an opening therethrough, said neck and crown sections protruding through said opening in said webbing, said adhesive contacting said electrode portion, said web extending beyond said body portion for securing said electrode to the skin of the body.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
US785577A 1968-12-20 1968-12-20 Carbon-impregnated body electrode Expired - Lifetime US3566860A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US78557768A 1968-12-20 1968-12-20

Publications (1)

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US3566860A true US3566860A (en) 1971-03-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US785577A Expired - Lifetime US3566860A (en) 1968-12-20 1968-12-20 Carbon-impregnated body electrode

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US (1) US3566860A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1950994A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2026615A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3721246A (en) * 1970-12-10 1973-03-20 Thomas & Betts Corp Applicator electrodes with a very thin non-metallic, current distributing layer
US3834373A (en) * 1972-02-24 1974-09-10 T Sato Silver, silver chloride electrodes
US3888240A (en) * 1974-02-08 1975-06-10 Survival Technology Electrode assembly and methods of using the same in the respiratory and/or cardiac monitoring of an infant
DE2459627A1 (de) * 1973-12-17 1975-06-19 Ndm Corp Medizinische elektrode
US4029086A (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-06-14 Consolidated Medical Equipment, Inc. Electrode arrangement
EP0000759A1 (de) * 1977-08-03 1979-02-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrode
US4166465A (en) * 1977-10-17 1979-09-04 Neomed Incorporated Electrosurgical dispersive electrode
US4401125A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-08-30 The Kendall Company Stethoscope securing pad
US4458696A (en) * 1979-08-07 1984-07-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company T.E.N.S. Electrode
EP0222473A1 (en) * 1985-08-27 1987-05-20 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electrode for a living body
US4669479A (en) * 1985-08-21 1987-06-02 Spring Creek Institute, Inc. Dry electrode system for detection of biopotentials
US4685467A (en) * 1985-07-10 1987-08-11 American Hospital Supply Corporation X-ray transparent medical electrodes and lead wires and assemblies thereof
US4742828A (en) * 1985-01-17 1988-05-10 Rematra Research, Marketing & Trading Co. S.A. Disposable electrode for monitoring a patient
US4846185A (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-07-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Bioelectrode having a galvanically active interfacing material
US4938219A (en) * 1987-01-16 1990-07-03 Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd. Electrocardiographic electrode
US5326272A (en) * 1990-01-30 1994-07-05 Medtronic, Inc. Low profile electrode connector
US5782761A (en) * 1996-01-24 1998-07-21 Graphic Controls Corporation Molded electrode
US6246915B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2001-06-12 David Boutos Apparatus for stimulating living tissue
US6711427B1 (en) 2002-02-13 2004-03-23 Milwaukee Electronics Corporation Skin abrading medical electrode mounting and packaging system
US20040210294A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2004-10-21 Cameron Health, Inc. Subcutaneous electrode for transthoracic conduction with low profile installation appendage
US20070055314A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2007-03-08 Cameron Health, Inc. Post-shock treatment in a subcutaneous device
US20080255649A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2008-10-16 Sport Elec Sa Electrode Module for Muscle Maintenance and/or Muscle Development
WO2011070403A1 (en) 2009-12-11 2011-06-16 Universidade De Aveiro A dry active bio signal electrode with an hybrid organic-inorganic interface material
US8706217B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2014-04-22 Cameron Health Cardioverter-defibrillator having a focused shocking area and orientation thereof
US20140187063A1 (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-07-03 Suunto Oy Male end of a telemetric transceiver
US8831720B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2014-09-09 Cameron Health, Inc. Method of implanting and using a subcutaneous defibrillator
US9138589B2 (en) 2001-11-21 2015-09-22 Cameron Health, Inc. Apparatus and method for identifying atrial arrhythmia by far-field sensing
US20160228021A1 (en) * 2015-02-06 2016-08-11 Lifurance Co., Ltd. Electrode apparatus for monitoring ecg
WO2021178040A1 (en) * 2020-03-03 2021-09-10 Garwood Medical Devices, Llc Circumferentially wrappable electrode for use with metal surgical implants

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1152570A (en) * 1979-03-21 1983-08-23 Franklin C. Larimore Biomedical electrode
US4633879A (en) * 1979-11-16 1987-01-06 Lec Tec Corporation Electrode with disposable interface member

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2065295A (en) * 1935-05-16 1936-12-22 Arthur G Sullivan Therapeutic appliance
US2081517A (en) * 1931-09-16 1937-05-25 Hollandsche Draad En Kabelfabriek Nv Conducting rubber and its application
US2632447A (en) * 1948-05-12 1953-03-24 Cowan Mfg Co Electric applicator
US2943628A (en) * 1957-02-27 1960-07-05 William L Howell Electrode assembly
US3085577A (en) * 1961-06-12 1963-04-16 Vector Mfg Company Inc Body electrode
US3328317A (en) * 1965-09-20 1967-06-27 Air Reduction Resin bonded electrical resistor composition
US3464404A (en) * 1966-06-17 1969-09-02 Univ Johns Hopkins Bio-medical instrumentation electrode
US3464416A (en) * 1967-08-25 1969-09-02 Williams Instruments Sleep inducing method and headpiece
US3473087A (en) * 1962-05-22 1969-10-14 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Electrically conductive polytetrafluoroethylene tubing
US3487827A (en) * 1968-01-24 1970-01-06 Physio Control Corp Electrode for electromedical equipment
US3490442A (en) * 1966-02-09 1970-01-20 Hellige & Co Gmbh F Electrode with contact-forming suction cup means

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2081517A (en) * 1931-09-16 1937-05-25 Hollandsche Draad En Kabelfabriek Nv Conducting rubber and its application
US2065295A (en) * 1935-05-16 1936-12-22 Arthur G Sullivan Therapeutic appliance
US2632447A (en) * 1948-05-12 1953-03-24 Cowan Mfg Co Electric applicator
US2943628A (en) * 1957-02-27 1960-07-05 William L Howell Electrode assembly
US3085577A (en) * 1961-06-12 1963-04-16 Vector Mfg Company Inc Body electrode
US3473087A (en) * 1962-05-22 1969-10-14 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Electrically conductive polytetrafluoroethylene tubing
US3328317A (en) * 1965-09-20 1967-06-27 Air Reduction Resin bonded electrical resistor composition
US3490442A (en) * 1966-02-09 1970-01-20 Hellige & Co Gmbh F Electrode with contact-forming suction cup means
US3464404A (en) * 1966-06-17 1969-09-02 Univ Johns Hopkins Bio-medical instrumentation electrode
US3464416A (en) * 1967-08-25 1969-09-02 Williams Instruments Sleep inducing method and headpiece
US3487827A (en) * 1968-01-24 1970-01-06 Physio Control Corp Electrode for electromedical equipment

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3721246A (en) * 1970-12-10 1973-03-20 Thomas & Betts Corp Applicator electrodes with a very thin non-metallic, current distributing layer
US3834373A (en) * 1972-02-24 1974-09-10 T Sato Silver, silver chloride electrodes
DE2459627A1 (de) * 1973-12-17 1975-06-19 Ndm Corp Medizinische elektrode
US3976055A (en) * 1973-12-17 1976-08-24 Ndm Corporation Electrode and conductor therefor
US3888240A (en) * 1974-02-08 1975-06-10 Survival Technology Electrode assembly and methods of using the same in the respiratory and/or cardiac monitoring of an infant
US4029086A (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-06-14 Consolidated Medical Equipment, Inc. Electrode arrangement
EP0000759A1 (de) * 1977-08-03 1979-02-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrode
US4166465A (en) * 1977-10-17 1979-09-04 Neomed Incorporated Electrosurgical dispersive electrode
US4458696A (en) * 1979-08-07 1984-07-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company T.E.N.S. Electrode
US4401125A (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-08-30 The Kendall Company Stethoscope securing pad
US4742828A (en) * 1985-01-17 1988-05-10 Rematra Research, Marketing & Trading Co. S.A. Disposable electrode for monitoring a patient
US4685467A (en) * 1985-07-10 1987-08-11 American Hospital Supply Corporation X-ray transparent medical electrodes and lead wires and assemblies thereof
US4669479A (en) * 1985-08-21 1987-06-02 Spring Creek Institute, Inc. Dry electrode system for detection of biopotentials
EP0222473A1 (en) * 1985-08-27 1987-05-20 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electrode for a living body
US4938219A (en) * 1987-01-16 1990-07-03 Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd. Electrocardiographic electrode
US4846185A (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-07-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Bioelectrode having a galvanically active interfacing material
US5326272A (en) * 1990-01-30 1994-07-05 Medtronic, Inc. Low profile electrode connector
US5782761A (en) * 1996-01-24 1998-07-21 Graphic Controls Corporation Molded electrode
US6246915B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2001-06-12 David Boutos Apparatus for stimulating living tissue
US9144683B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2015-09-29 Cameron Health, Inc. Post-shock treatment in a subcutaneous device
US6937907B2 (en) * 2000-09-18 2005-08-30 Cameron Health, Inc. Subcutaneous electrode for transthoracic conduction with low-profile installation appendage and method of doing same
US20070055314A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2007-03-08 Cameron Health, Inc. Post-shock treatment in a subcutaneous device
US7299092B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2007-11-20 Cameron Health, Inc. Subcutaneous electrode for transthoracic conduction with low profile installation appendage
US8706217B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2014-04-22 Cameron Health Cardioverter-defibrillator having a focused shocking area and orientation thereof
US20040210294A1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2004-10-21 Cameron Health, Inc. Subcutaneous electrode for transthoracic conduction with low profile installation appendage
US8831720B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2014-09-09 Cameron Health, Inc. Method of implanting and using a subcutaneous defibrillator
US9522283B2 (en) 2001-11-21 2016-12-20 Cameron Health Inc. Apparatus and method for identifying atrial arrhythmia by far-field sensing
US9993653B2 (en) 2001-11-21 2018-06-12 Cameron Health, Inc. Apparatus and method for identifying atrial arrhythmia by far-field sensing
US9138589B2 (en) 2001-11-21 2015-09-22 Cameron Health, Inc. Apparatus and method for identifying atrial arrhythmia by far-field sensing
US6711427B1 (en) 2002-02-13 2004-03-23 Milwaukee Electronics Corporation Skin abrading medical electrode mounting and packaging system
US20080255649A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2008-10-16 Sport Elec Sa Electrode Module for Muscle Maintenance and/or Muscle Development
WO2011070403A1 (en) 2009-12-11 2011-06-16 Universidade De Aveiro A dry active bio signal electrode with an hybrid organic-inorganic interface material
US8814574B2 (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-08-26 Suunto Oy Male end of a telemetric transceiver
US20140187063A1 (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-07-03 Suunto Oy Male end of a telemetric transceiver
US20160228021A1 (en) * 2015-02-06 2016-08-11 Lifurance Co., Ltd. Electrode apparatus for monitoring ecg
WO2021178040A1 (en) * 2020-03-03 2021-09-10 Garwood Medical Devices, Llc Circumferentially wrappable electrode for use with metal surgical implants

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1950994A1 (de) 1971-04-15
FR2026615A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-09-18

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