US3572323A - Disposable electrode with a metallurgically-bonded,silver-silver chloride sensing element - Google Patents
Disposable electrode with a metallurgically-bonded,silver-silver chloride sensing element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3572323A US3572323A US788828A US3572323DA US3572323A US 3572323 A US3572323 A US 3572323A US 788828 A US788828 A US 788828A US 3572323D A US3572323D A US 3572323DA US 3572323 A US3572323 A US 3572323A
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- Prior art keywords
- silver
- sensing element
- electrode
- housing
- layer
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 22
- ONVGIJBNBDUBCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag+] ONVGIJBNBDUBCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorosilver;silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag]Cl GTKRFUAGOKINCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/263—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials
- A61B5/265—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials containing silver or silver chloride
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/251—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
- A61B5/257—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0209—Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
- A61B2562/0215—Silver or silver chloride containing
Definitions
- SILVER-SILVER CHLORIDE SENSING ELEMENT Filed Jan. 5, 1969 fFP/W/K 4. run/v BY AAQ4-LE K MTM ATTORNEYS United States Patent DISPOSABLE ELECTRODE WITH A METALLURGI- CALLY-BONDED, SILVER-SILVER CHLORIDE SENSING ELEMENT Frank L. Yuan, Wayland, Mass., assignor, to Becton, Dickinson and Company, East Rutherford, NJ. Filed Jan. 3, 1969, Ser. No. 788,828 Int. Cl. A61b 5/04 U.S. Cl.
- a disposable electrode for biological and medical use comprising a sensing element housing formed of an insulating material and having surfaces thereon adapted to receive and retain a sensing element and a sensing element.
- the sensing element comprises a uniformly thick flat layer of silver to which a uniformly thick fiat layer of silver chloride is metallurgically bonded.
- Electrodes find extensive use in the medical and related fields to transform biopotentials into electrical signals which may be monitored for a variety of functions, such as electrocardiographs, electroencephalographs, or electromyograms. Such electrodes are usually placed on the skin of the patient whose function is to be monitored with an interposed layer of a suitable electrolyte, generally in gel form. Ion flow passes through the subjects skin and the electrolyte to react with the electrode and generate an electrical signal which is then monitored.
- silver-silver chloride sensing element One electrode construction which affords relative stability, low impedance, and low offset voltage, and is therefore particularly well suited for medical purposes utilizes a silver-silver chloride sensing element.
- silver-silver chloride electrodes were generally formed either by compressing a mixture of silver and silver-chloride powders, occasionally with small quantities of a binder such as bentonitic clay added, or by mechanically coupling sheets of silver and silver-chloride to one another.
- the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved disposable electrode having acceptable electrical characteristics including low impedance and polarization voltage which is lightweight, reliable, compact, sufiiciently inexpensive to reasonably permit single use, and which is interchangeable with other similarly manufactured electrodes.
- an electrode comprising a sensing element housing including a generally flat member formed of an insulating ice material and having a depressed center portion integral with a raised peripheral portion, and a sensing element disposed within the depression.
- the sensing element comprises a first, uniformly thick, flat layer of silver to which a uniformly thick, flat layer of silver-chloride is metallurgically bonded.
- An intermediate layer is interposed between the silver and silver-chloride layers and is coextensive therewith and forms a zone wherein difiusion of the silver and silver-chloride molecules occurs while preventing any slippage between the silver and silverchloride layers.
- the sensing element is disposed within the housing depression with the silver layer abutting the rear surface of the depression.
- An electrically conductive lead having one end in electrical contact with the silver layer and the other end adapted to be coupled to the monitoring equipment is also provided.
- the raised peripheral portion of the housing also includes a continuous double sided adhesive adapted to facilitate adhering the electrode to the subject.
- FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the electrode of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a side elevational sectional view taken along reference line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary diagrammatic view of portions of the sensing element of the electrode of the present invention greatly magnified.
- the electrode 10 of the present invention is depicted as comprising a housing 12, a sensing element 14 disposed within the housing, an electrical lead 16 extending between the sensing element 14 and a terminal portion 18, and a.terrninal portion 18 which includes a connector 20 which in this preferred embodiment, is a snap-fit female connector adapted to be snapped into place about a suitable male connector.
- the housing 12 is formed of an insulating material such as polyethylene or polypropylene which is readily moldable into the desired shape.
- the housing comprises a generally flat member having a depressed center portion 22- and a peripheral portion 24 raised with respect to the center portion 22 and spaced from the center portion by the conical frustum Wall member 26 'which extends between the two portions of the housing.
- the raised peripheral portion 24 comprises, in essence, an annular disc and the raised edge 36 is defined by the inner radius of the disc.
- a double sided adhesive strip 38 is disposed about the outer face of the raised peripheral portion 24.
- One side of adhesive 38 adheres to the outer face of the housing and the other side is adapted to be adhered to the body of the subject under observation, thereby forming means for coupling the electrode to the subject.
- a backing strip 40 is disposed about the free face of the double sided adhesive to protect the tackiness of the adhesive prior to use.
- a tab 42 extends from the outer peripheral edge of the backing strip to facilitate its removal and the application of the electrode to the subject.
- the inner surface 30 of the depressed center portion of the housing 12 is further defined by a circular recessed section 44 into which the sensing element 14 is fitted.
- a hole 46 extends through the center of recess 44 to the outer surface of the housing and the conductive wire 48 of electrical lead 16 extends through hole 46 to make electrical contact with the rear of the sensing element 14.
- a suitable potting compound as for example epoxy, is applied to the rear of the housing filling hole 46 and thereby serving to form bead 50 which protects the electrical contact between the lead and sensing element and also serves to secure the sensing element 14 within the housing 12.
- the sensing element .14 comprises agenerally circular disc, the diameter of which is substantially the same as that of recess 44 having raised side walls 52 which are substantially equal to the depth of the recess.
- the sensing element comprises a first flat layer 54 of silver to which a layer of silver chloride 56 has been metallurgically bonded as for example, by the process disclosed in US. Letters Patent No. 3,059,331 for Method of Making Composite Stock which issued on Oct. 23, 1962 and is assigned to the Texas Instruments Corporation.
- the thickness of the sensing element was two mils with the silver chloride portion comprising of the total composite or approximately .3 mil.
- the individual sensing elements 14 are formed by properly stamping or cutting a sheet of composite stock. Since the thicknesses of the silver and silver chloride layers of the composite material may be accurately maintained throughout the stock and also since a firm metallurgical bond is maintained between the composite layers, the electrical characteristics of two such electrodes will be substantially identical, thus penmitting the interchangeability of the electrodes.
- the sensing element 14 is positioned within housing 12 with the silver layer 14 abutting the housing and making electrical contact with the conducting lead 48 and the silver chloride layer 56* directed toward the housing opening 34. That is, when viewing the front of electrode 10, all that will be seen is the silver chloride surfaces 56 of the sensing element 14.
- the open ended chamber 32 is filled to the brim with an electrolyte such as a salt gel whereafter the backing strip 42 is removed from the face of adhesive 38 and the electrode is appropriately positioned on the subject.
- the terminal portion 18 of the electrode is then connected to suitable monitoring equipment with the connector 20 coupled to a mating connector associated with the monitoring equipment. Electrical signals transmitted from the subject will be transmitted through the electrolyte to the sensing element and then to the monitoring equipment.
- the electrode may be disposed of and in this regard, it will be economically feasible to discard an electrode produced in accordance with the present invention after a single use.
- a disposable electrode comprising: a sensing element housing formed of an insulating material and having first surfaces adapted to be mounted to the subject being monitored and second surfaces spaced apart from said first surfaces to receive and retain the sensing element; a sensing element mounted to said housing second surfaces and comprising a uniformly thick fiat layer of silver and a uniformly thick flat layer of silver-chloride coextensive with said first layer and metallurgically bonded thereto; and, an electrically conductive lead in electrical contact with said silver layer of said sensing element and adapted to be coupled to associated monitoring equipment.
- sensing element further includes an intermediary layer interposed between said silver layer and said silver chloride layer and coextensive therewith wherein diffusion of silver and silver chloride molecules occurs in said intermediate layer whereby to effect said metallurgical bond.
- said housing comprises a generally flat member having a depressed center portion defining said housing second surfaces integral with a raised peripheral portion defining said housing first-surfaces and said sensing element is mounted at the base of said depressed portion with said silver chloride layer directed toward said raised peripheral portion.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A DISPOSABLE ELECTRODE IS PROVIDED FOR BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL USE COMPRISING A SENSING ELEMENT HOUSING FORMED OF AN INSULATING MATERIAL AND HAVING SURFACES THEREON ADAPTED TO RECEIVE AND RETAIN A SENSING ELEMENT AND A SENSING ELEMENT. THE SENSING ELEMENT COMPRISES A UNI-
FORMLY THICK FLAT LAYER OF SILVER TO WHICH A UNIFORMLY THICK FLAT LAYER OF SILVER CHLORIDE IS METALLURGICALLY BONDED.
FORMLY THICK FLAT LAYER OF SILVER TO WHICH A UNIFORMLY THICK FLAT LAYER OF SILVER CHLORIDE IS METALLURGICALLY BONDED.
Description
March 23, 1971 YUAN 3,572,323
' DISPOSABLE ELECTRODE WITH A METALLURGICALLY-BONDED,
SILVER-SILVER CHLORIDE SENSING ELEMENT Filed Jan. 5, 1969 fFP/W/K 4. run/v BY AAQ4-LE K MTM ATTORNEYS United States Patent DISPOSABLE ELECTRODE WITH A METALLURGI- CALLY-BONDED, SILVER-SILVER CHLORIDE SENSING ELEMENT Frank L. Yuan, Wayland, Mass., assignor, to Becton, Dickinson and Company, East Rutherford, NJ. Filed Jan. 3, 1969, Ser. No. 788,828 Int. Cl. A61b 5/04 U.S. Cl. 1282.06 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A disposable electrode is provided for biological and medical use comprising a sensing element housing formed of an insulating material and having surfaces thereon adapted to receive and retain a sensing element and a sensing element. The sensing element comprises a uniformly thick flat layer of silver to which a uniformly thick fiat layer of silver chloride is metallurgically bonded.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Electrodes find extensive use in the medical and related fields to transform biopotentials into electrical signals which may be monitored for a variety of functions, such as electrocardiographs, electroencephalographs, or electromyograms. Such electrodes are usually placed on the skin of the patient whose function is to be monitored with an interposed layer of a suitable electrolyte, generally in gel form. Ion flow passes through the subjects skin and the electrolyte to react with the electrode and generate an electrical signal which is then monitored.
One electrode construction which affords relative stability, low impedance, and low offset voltage, and is therefore particularly well suited for medical purposes utilizes a silver-silver chloride sensing element. Heretofore, such silver-silver chloride electrodes were generally formed either by compressing a mixture of silver and silver-chloride powders, occasionally with small quantities of a binder such as bentonitic clay added, or by mechanically coupling sheets of silver and silver-chloride to one another.
Although such electrodes have generally performed well from a technical point of view, in most applications, the high cost associated with their construction has prevented their extensive use, particularly where electrode contamination is a problem and disposability is desirable or required. Further, the impedance of such prior art electrodes is higher than required or desired for most applications and the effectiveness of the mechanical bond between the silver and silver chloride molecules may vary with movement of the patient, thereby varying the electrode impedance resulting in variations in the accuracy of the electrode readout. Also, the electrical characteristics of these prior art electrodes usually varied considerably from electrode to electrode and hence interchangeability was not possible unless the monitoring equipment was recalibrated for each electrode.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is, therefore, the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved disposable electrode having acceptable electrical characteristics including low impedance and polarization voltage which is lightweight, reliable, compact, sufiiciently inexpensive to reasonably permit single use, and which is interchangeable with other similarly manufactured electrodes.
These and other beneficial objects and advantages are attained in accordance with the present invention by providing an electrode comprising a sensing element housing including a generally flat member formed of an insulating ice material and having a depressed center portion integral with a raised peripheral portion, and a sensing element disposed within the depression. The sensing element comprises a first, uniformly thick, flat layer of silver to which a uniformly thick, flat layer of silver-chloride is metallurgically bonded. An intermediate layer is interposed between the silver and silver-chloride layers and is coextensive therewith and forms a zone wherein difiusion of the silver and silver-chloride molecules occurs while preventing any slippage between the silver and silverchloride layers. The sensing element is disposed within the housing depression with the silver layer abutting the rear surface of the depression. An electrically conductive lead having one end in electrical contact with the silver layer and the other end adapted to be coupled to the monitoring equipment is also provided. The raised peripheral portion of the housing also includes a continuous double sided adhesive adapted to facilitate adhering the electrode to the subject.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the electrode of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational sectional view taken along reference line 2-2 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary diagrammatic view of portions of the sensing element of the electrode of the present invention greatly magnified.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Reference is now made to the drawings wherein like parts are designed by similar reference numerals throughout the several views. In FIG. 1, the electrode 10 of the present invention is depicted as comprising a housing 12, a sensing element 14 disposed within the housing, an electrical lead 16 extending between the sensing element 14 and a terminal portion 18, and a.terrninal portion 18 which includes a connector 20 which in this preferred embodiment, is a snap-fit female connector adapted to be snapped into place about a suitable male connector.
The housing 12 is formed of an insulating material such as polyethylene or polypropylene which is readily moldable into the desired shape. .In this case, the housing comprises a generally flat member having a depressed center portion 22- and a peripheral portion 24 raised with respect to the center portion 22 and spaced from the center portion by the conical frustum Wall member 26 'which extends between the two portions of the housing.
The inner surfaces 28 and 30 of wall member 26 and depressed center portion 22, respectively, thus define an open ended chamber 32- the opening 34 of which is further defined by the inner edge 36 of the raised peripheral portion 24. In this regard, and as best seen in FIG. 2, the raised peripheral portion 24 comprises, in essence, an annular disc and the raised edge 36 is defined by the inner radius of the disc.
A double sided adhesive strip 38 is disposed about the outer face of the raised peripheral portion 24. One side of adhesive 38 adheres to the outer face of the housing and the other side is adapted to be adhered to the body of the subject under observation, thereby forming means for coupling the electrode to the subject. In this regard, a backing strip 40 is disposed about the free face of the double sided adhesive to protect the tackiness of the adhesive prior to use. A tab 42 extends from the outer peripheral edge of the backing strip to facilitate its removal and the application of the electrode to the subject.
The inner surface 30 of the depressed center portion of the housing 12 is further defined by a circular recessed section 44 into which the sensing element 14 is fitted.
A hole 46 extends through the center of recess 44 to the outer surface of the housing and the conductive wire 48 of electrical lead 16 extends through hole 46 to make electrical contact with the rear of the sensing element 14. After the sensing element is positioned within recess 44 and the electrical contact is established between the sensing element 14 and lead 16 as by soldering, a suitable potting compound, as for example epoxy, is applied to the rear of the housing filling hole 46 and thereby serving to form bead 50 which protects the electrical contact between the lead and sensing element and also serves to secure the sensing element 14 within the housing 12.
The sensing element .14 comprises agenerally circular disc, the diameter of which is substantially the same as that of recess 44 having raised side walls 52 which are substantially equal to the depth of the recess. The sensing element comprises a first flat layer 54 of silver to which a layer of silver chloride 56 has been metallurgically bonded as for example, by the process disclosed in US. Letters Patent No. 3,059,331 for Method of Making Composite Stock which issued on Oct. 23, 1962 and is assigned to the Texas Instruments Corporation. The metallurgical bond between the silver and silver-chloride layers 54 and 56, respectively, results in the formation of an interposed diffused third layer 58 comprising both silver and silver-chloride molecules. The cross-sectional configuration of the sensing element =14 is depicted in FIG. 3 in exaggerated diagrammatic form. In a successful practice of the present invention, the thickness of the sensing element was two mils with the silver chloride portion comprising of the total composite or approximately .3 mil. The individual sensing elements 14 are formed by properly stamping or cutting a sheet of composite stock. Since the thicknesses of the silver and silver chloride layers of the composite material may be accurately maintained throughout the stock and also since a firm metallurgical bond is maintained between the composite layers, the electrical characteristics of two such electrodes will be substantially identical, thus penmitting the interchangeability of the electrodes.
The sensing element 14 is positioned within housing 12 with the silver layer 14 abutting the housing and making electrical contact with the conducting lead 48 and the silver chloride layer 56* directed toward the housing opening 34. That is, when viewing the front of electrode 10, all that will be seen is the silver chloride surfaces 56 of the sensing element 14.
In use, the open ended chamber 32 is filled to the brim with an electrolyte such as a salt gel whereafter the backing strip 42 is removed from the face of adhesive 38 and the electrode is appropriately positioned on the subject. The terminal portion 18 of the electrode is then connected to suitable monitoring equipment with the connector 20 coupled to a mating connector associated with the monitoring equipment. Electrical signals transmitted from the subject will be transmitted through the electrolyte to the sensing element and then to the monitoring equipment. After use, the electrode may be disposed of and in this regard, it will be economically feasible to discard an electrode produced in accordance with the present invention after a single use.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:
1. A disposable electrode comprising: a sensing element housing formed of an insulating material and having first surfaces adapted to be mounted to the subject being monitored and second surfaces spaced apart from said first surfaces to receive and retain the sensing element; a sensing element mounted to said housing second surfaces and comprising a uniformly thick fiat layer of silver and a uniformly thick flat layer of silver-chloride coextensive with said first layer and metallurgically bonded thereto; and, an electrically conductive lead in electrical contact with said silver layer of said sensing element and adapted to be coupled to associated monitoring equipment.
2. The invention in accordance with claim -1 wherein said sensing element further includes an intermediary layer interposed between said silver layer and said silver chloride layer and coextensive therewith wherein diffusion of silver and silver chloride molecules occurs in said intermediate layer whereby to effect said metallurgical bond.
3. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said housing comprises a molded plastic material.
4. The invention in accordance with claim 3 wherein said housing comprises a generally flat member having a depressed center portion defining said housing second surfaces integral with a raised peripheral portion defining said housing first-surfaces and said sensing element is mounted at the base of said depressed portion with said silver chloride layer directed toward said raised peripheral portion.
5. The invention in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a double faced adhesive disposed about said first surfaces.
6. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said silver layer is substantially two mils in thickness and said silver-chloride layer is substantially .3 mil in thickness.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,420,223 1/1969 Day et a1 1282.06
WILLIAM E. KAMM, Primary Examiner
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US78882869A | 1969-01-03 | 1969-01-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3572323A true US3572323A (en) | 1971-03-23 |
Family
ID=25145690
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US788828A Expired - Lifetime US3572323A (en) | 1969-01-03 | 1969-01-03 | Disposable electrode with a metallurgically-bonded,silver-silver chloride sensing element |
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3747590A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1973-07-24 | Nat Cable Molding Corp | Biopotential electrode |
US3865099A (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1975-02-11 | Texas Instruments Inc | Medical electrode and method of making |
US3867925A (en) * | 1971-02-17 | 1975-02-25 | Med General Inc | Expendable stethoscope |
US4050453A (en) * | 1976-02-03 | 1977-09-27 | Concept, Inc. | Radiotransparent electrode |
FR2377101A1 (en) * | 1976-07-27 | 1978-08-04 | Bard Inc C R | PERFECTED CONNECTOR INTENDED FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF AN ELECTRIC SIGNAL |
US4235241A (en) * | 1977-09-08 | 1980-11-25 | Tdk Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electrodes for living body |
US4336811A (en) * | 1979-02-22 | 1982-06-29 | Electrochemical Technology Corp. | Prosthesis electrode with multi-layer membrane |
US4362165A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-12-07 | Ipco Corporation | Stable gel electrode |
DE3136193A1 (en) * | 1981-09-12 | 1983-04-07 | Doduco KG Dr. Eugen Dürrwächter, 7530 Pforzheim | Disposable electrode for electromedical purposes and method of producing it |
US4669479A (en) * | 1985-08-21 | 1987-06-02 | Spring Creek Institute, Inc. | Dry electrode system for detection of biopotentials |
US4685466A (en) * | 1985-01-29 | 1987-08-11 | Rau Guenter | Measuring sensor for the non-invasive detection of electro-physiological quantities |
US4838273A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1989-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Medical electrode |
US4848351A (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1989-07-18 | Sentry Medical Products, Inc. | Medical electrode assembly |
US5471983A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1995-12-05 | Vega Marketing Ltd. | Electrode bracelet for detecting the physiological electric potential of a patient's limb |
USD951234S1 (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2022-05-10 | Apple Inc. | Earphone |
-
1969
- 1969-01-03 US US788828A patent/US3572323A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3867925A (en) * | 1971-02-17 | 1975-02-25 | Med General Inc | Expendable stethoscope |
US3747590A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1973-07-24 | Nat Cable Molding Corp | Biopotential electrode |
US3865099A (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1975-02-11 | Texas Instruments Inc | Medical electrode and method of making |
US4050453A (en) * | 1976-02-03 | 1977-09-27 | Concept, Inc. | Radiotransparent electrode |
FR2377101A1 (en) * | 1976-07-27 | 1978-08-04 | Bard Inc C R | PERFECTED CONNECTOR INTENDED FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF AN ELECTRIC SIGNAL |
US4235241A (en) * | 1977-09-08 | 1980-11-25 | Tdk Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electrodes for living body |
US4336811A (en) * | 1979-02-22 | 1982-06-29 | Electrochemical Technology Corp. | Prosthesis electrode with multi-layer membrane |
US4838273A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1989-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Medical electrode |
US4362165A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-12-07 | Ipco Corporation | Stable gel electrode |
DE3136193A1 (en) * | 1981-09-12 | 1983-04-07 | Doduco KG Dr. Eugen Dürrwächter, 7530 Pforzheim | Disposable electrode for electromedical purposes and method of producing it |
US4685466A (en) * | 1985-01-29 | 1987-08-11 | Rau Guenter | Measuring sensor for the non-invasive detection of electro-physiological quantities |
US4669479A (en) * | 1985-08-21 | 1987-06-02 | Spring Creek Institute, Inc. | Dry electrode system for detection of biopotentials |
US4848351A (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1989-07-18 | Sentry Medical Products, Inc. | Medical electrode assembly |
US5471983A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1995-12-05 | Vega Marketing Ltd. | Electrode bracelet for detecting the physiological electric potential of a patient's limb |
USD951234S1 (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2022-05-10 | Apple Inc. | Earphone |
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