US3558791A - Cupola furnace - Google Patents

Cupola furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3558791A
US3558791A US614311A US3558791DA US3558791A US 3558791 A US3558791 A US 3558791A US 614311 A US614311 A US 614311A US 3558791D A US3558791D A US 3558791DA US 3558791 A US3558791 A US 3558791A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cupola furnace
tunnel
shaft
compartment
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US614311A
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English (en)
Inventor
Vladimir Alexandrovich Grachev
Anatoly Alexeevich Cherny
Lev Mikhailovich Marienbakh
Ivan Lukich Kurbatsky
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SU1054928A external-priority patent/SU257699A1/ru
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3558791A publication Critical patent/US3558791A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/08—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S266/00—Metallurgical apparatus
    • Y10S266/90—Metal melting furnaces, e.g. cupola type

Definitions

  • a cupola furnace is provided with at least one tunnel extending from the combustion chamber at the bottom of the shaft, for the combustion of gases passing electrodes in the tunnel which produce arc discharge, and for conveying the combustion gases to said combustion chamber.
  • the operations of melting and superheating metal are carried into effect in the cupola furnace shaft by burning a gaseous fuel in its bottom part.
  • This cupola furnace is suitable for making molten metal heated to a temperature sufficient for casting thin-walled parts.
  • the production capacity of the gas cupola furnace is found thereby to be higher than that of a coke cupola furnace of the same size. As to its design, it is more simple and occupies a smaller floor space.
  • the cupola furnace is required to melt iron heated to a higher temperature as compared with that usually obtained, or to melt therein a charge containing a larger amount of oxides. In this case, it becomes necessary to create a reducing atmosphere. This is impracticable in an ordinary gas cupola furnace.
  • An object of the present invention is to improve the design of said gas cupola furnace.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide a cupola furnace, enabling an increase in the temperature of the molten metal and to obtain a reducing atmosphere in the cupola furnace.
  • This object is achieved by the provision of utilizing electric power and gaseous fuel, simultaneously as a source of heat for melting and superheating the metal.
  • the electric power may be best utilized by creating an electric arc discharge in a stream of gas being burned.
  • the cupola furnace is provided with a least one tunnel for burning the gaseous fuel, wherein there are provided electrodes for creating an arc discharge.
  • the cupola furnace' may have one electrode in the form of a ring, while the other electrode is made in the form of a rod which can be moved until it is in contact with the annular electrode.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of the cupola furnace, according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view on enlarged scale, taken along line 11-" of FIG. 1.
  • the shaft of the cupola furnace is provided with two sections, viz lower one 1 (FIG. 1) for maintaining the column of charge materials and upper one 2 for preventing the charge from falling into the lower part of the cupola furnace shaft, i.e., the chamber for superheating the molten metal.
  • the sections disposed in the middle part of the cupola furnace shaft are provided with pipes 3 and 4 intended for effecting cooling with water.
  • a hearth 5, having a depression in the form of a well 6 for superheating the molten metal, is provided in the lower part of the shaft.
  • the outlet holeof a tunnel 7 for buming the gas-air mixture supplied from a tuyere 8 is provided directly over the surface of molten metal in the well.
  • FIG. 2 shows on an enlarged scale the unit functioning as the heat source. Electrodes 9 and 10 are disposed in the tunnel.
  • the electrode 9 is made as a hollow copper toroidal member for passing cooling water supplied through a branch pipe ll.
  • Another electrode 10 is made of tungsten (it may be also made of graphite), and has the shape of a bent rod and is supported for movement to contact the annular electrode.
  • the cupola furnace operates in the following manner: a
  • the electrode 10 is made to approach the electrode 9 until a discharge occurs. Then it is automatically drawn off to a distance providing for the obtaining of a stable are, upon which the gaseous mixture is supplied from the tuyere into the tunnel, which mixture is thereafter ignited. Passing through the zone of arc discharge, the burning mixture is ionized, and its temperature thereby considerably increases; then it is directed into the superheating chamber on the molten metal surface. Giving off the heat to the molten metal, the gases cool to some extent, and arrive at the upper zone of the cupola furnace where they are employed for melting metal.
  • the heat as required for melting and superheating metal, is generated both by the combustion of gas and due to the arc discharge occurring between the electrodes (in the form of plasma).
  • the temperature and composition of gas are controlled in wide ranges.
  • the gas is burned in the absence of air so as to create a nonoxidizing or reducing atmosphere.
  • An increase in the consumption of electric power of the discharge between the electrodes is employed for increasing the temperature of gas.
  • the consumption of electric power may be small, depending upon the temperature required and the speed of melting of the metal
  • the temperature of metal is bound to increase drastically as a result of a direct heat transfer from the arc discharge to the molten metal surface.
  • the fusion of the lining in the superheating chamber and in the cupola furnace shaft are reduced to some extent as a result of transferring a greater amount of heat to the molten metal.
  • the lining of the tunnel may be water-cooled or made of highly refractory materials.
  • the combustion of gas is affected simultaneously with the generation of an arc discharge, which enables melting of metals having a higher melting temperature than that attainable in the ordinary coke or gas cupola furnaces.
  • a cupola furnace for melting and superheating metal comprising means defining a compartment for the processing 1 of said metal, a hearth in said compartment having a well for receiving molten metal, means providing at least one tunnel extending into said compartment towards said well for the combustion of a gaseous fuel, and electrodes in said tunnel for creating arc discharges to generate heat and to burn said fuel, said tunnel guiding the heat toward the molten metal in the well.
  • one electrode is made in the form of a ring, and the other has the shape of a rod encircled by said ring and is capable of moving toward and away from said annular electrode.
  • a cupola furnace according to claim 1, wherein the first said means comprises first and second connected sections defining a shaft constituting at least part of said compartment, said tunnel extending obliquely downwards to said shaft at the bottom thereof.
  • a cupola furnace according to claim 3 comprising a tuyere opening into said tunnel at an end thereof remote from said shaft.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
US614311A 1966-02-06 1967-02-06 Cupola furnace Expired - Lifetime US3558791A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU1054928A SU257699A1 (ru) 1966-02-06 Способ плавки чугупа в газовой вагранке

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3558791A true US3558791A (en) 1971-01-26

Family

ID=20439051

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US614311A Expired - Lifetime US3558791A (en) 1966-02-06 1967-02-06 Cupola furnace

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3558791A (it)
BE (1) BE693685A (it)
DE (1) DE1558065B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1172932A (it)
NL (1) NL151499B (it)
SE (1) SE307420B (it)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3970290A (en) * 1973-03-26 1976-07-20 Skf Industrial Trading And Development Company, B.V. Arrangement for feeding
US4019895A (en) * 1974-02-20 1977-04-26 Skf Industrial Trading And Development Company, B.V. Method of reducing ore using a plasma burner
US4072502A (en) * 1973-03-26 1978-02-07 Skf Industrial Trading And Development Co. B.V. Method apparatus for increasing blast gas temperature in a shaft furnace
US4203760A (en) * 1977-03-10 1980-05-20 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method for producing steel from sponge metal by using a gas plasma
US4263468A (en) * 1977-06-29 1981-04-21 Veb Mansfeld Kombinat Wilhelm Pieck Plasma-arc melting furnace
US4336922A (en) * 1979-06-08 1982-06-29 Gesellschaft Fur Huttenwerksanlagen Mbh Continuously tapped cupola furnace
US4710607A (en) * 1985-05-22 1987-12-01 C. Conradty Nurnberg Gmbh & Co. Plasma burner with replaceable consumable electrodes

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3004137A (en) * 1960-06-07 1961-10-10 Comb And Explosives Res Inc Method and apparatus for the production of high gas temperatures
US3338707A (en) * 1963-03-15 1967-08-29 Dalmine Spa Plants for the igneous extraction of metals from their ores and remelting of the metals for foundry purposes or further treatment

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH115357A (fr) * 1924-05-07 1926-07-01 Thompson Southgate George Procédé et appareil de chauffage par combinaison de flammes de combustion et d'arcs électriques.

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3004137A (en) * 1960-06-07 1961-10-10 Comb And Explosives Res Inc Method and apparatus for the production of high gas temperatures
US3338707A (en) * 1963-03-15 1967-08-29 Dalmine Spa Plants for the igneous extraction of metals from their ores and remelting of the metals for foundry purposes or further treatment

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3970290A (en) * 1973-03-26 1976-07-20 Skf Industrial Trading And Development Company, B.V. Arrangement for feeding
US4072502A (en) * 1973-03-26 1978-02-07 Skf Industrial Trading And Development Co. B.V. Method apparatus for increasing blast gas temperature in a shaft furnace
US4019895A (en) * 1974-02-20 1977-04-26 Skf Industrial Trading And Development Company, B.V. Method of reducing ore using a plasma burner
US4203760A (en) * 1977-03-10 1980-05-20 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method for producing steel from sponge metal by using a gas plasma
US4263468A (en) * 1977-06-29 1981-04-21 Veb Mansfeld Kombinat Wilhelm Pieck Plasma-arc melting furnace
US4336922A (en) * 1979-06-08 1982-06-29 Gesellschaft Fur Huttenwerksanlagen Mbh Continuously tapped cupola furnace
US4710607A (en) * 1985-05-22 1987-12-01 C. Conradty Nurnberg Gmbh & Co. Plasma burner with replaceable consumable electrodes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1558065B1 (de) 1970-08-27
NL151499B (nl) 1976-11-15
GB1172932A (en) 1969-12-03
NL6701785A (it) 1967-08-09
BE693685A (it) 1967-07-17
SE307420B (it) 1969-01-07

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