US3554521A - The treating or refining of metal - Google Patents

The treating or refining of metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3554521A
US3554521A US3554521DA US3554521A US 3554521 A US3554521 A US 3554521A US 3554521D A US3554521D A US 3554521DA US 3554521 A US3554521 A US 3554521A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
metal
gas
flow
gas discharge
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Malvern John Rhydderch
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British Iron and Steel Research Association BISRA
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British Iron and Steel Research Association BISRA
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Priority claimed from GB3019866A external-priority patent/GB1187974A/en
Application filed by British Iron and Steel Research Association BISRA filed Critical British Iron and Steel Research Association BISRA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • a process for refining molten carbon-containing metal comprising feeding the metal to a reaction vessel as a freely falling flow therein, shattering the freely falling flow in space within the vessel by streams of oxidizing gas, collecting the refined molten particulate metal in the vessel and extracting gas from the vessel to thereby induce air into the vessel to burn the carbon monoxide produced by the primary oxidation.
  • slag forming material is fed to the vessel as a flow adjacent the metal, the two flows being together shattered and intimately mixed by the gas flow.
  • the oxidizing gas is preferably oxygen or oxygen enriched air. The high temperature produced by the oxidation of the carbon as the gas breaks up the flows renders the slag forming material molten and immediate intimate contact is obtained of the refined metal droplets and molten slag forming material.
  • apparatus for carrying out the process according to the invention, the apparatus comprising a container having an outlet from which molten metal may be fed as a freely falling flow, a reaction vessel comprising an upper cover portion through which the flow may pass and a lower receiving portion, gas discharge means to produce gas streams convergent upon the path of the metal flow whereby that flow may be shattered in the vessel, extractor means coupled to the vessel to remove gas therefrom and passage means communicating between the interior of the vessel and atmosphere through which in operation air will be drawn by the action of the, extractor means.
  • a discharge device for slag forming material is provided to form a curtain of that material which will fall adjacent the metal flow to be shattered therewith by the gas flow from the gas discharge means.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic cross section of treating or refining apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a gas discharge device
  • FIG. 3 is a section on the line Ill-III of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an elevation of the gas discharge device.
  • the apparatus for refining metal shown in the drawing is particularly intended for treating or refining crude iron and comprises a transfer ladle 1 having a flow control stopper'2 to control molten metal flow to a tundish Shaving a refractory outlet nozzle 4.
  • a reaction vessel 5 which comprises a cover or hood portion 6, having a central aperture 7 and a gas takeoff 8, and a receptacle portion 9 beneath the hood.
  • An extractor fan 10 is located in the gas takeoff, which may have a plurality of inlets symmetrically placed about the hood por-
  • the tundish nozzle may be circular in section normal to the nozzle axis and the gas discharge outlet, may bean annular manifold having inwardly and downwardly directed outlets. Such a construction is shown and described in our United Kingdom Pat. No. 949,6l0.
  • the tundish nozzle has a cross section normal to the direction of flow of which the dimension of each of two opposite sides is several times greater than the mean dimension between those sides.
  • the stream may have larger sides of 3 inches and a mean distance between those sides of half an inch.
  • a stream will be formed which has a very high surface area-to-volume ratio per unit length of the stream.
  • the 'gas discharge device For shattering such' a stream the 'gas discharge device comprises a header 12a (FIGS. 2 to 4) having takeoff chambers 14 each having an outlet 13a which spans the major side of the metal stream which will be poured and each has a convergent/divergent form in the direction of flow to accelerate the gas during discharge.
  • the outlets may have at the exit a smaller dimension of 0.1 inches.
  • a flux discharge device 16 is mounted above the gas discharge device-and-in the case of FIG. 1 comprises an annular manifold 17 having an inlet 18 and outlets 19 to discharge a curtain surrounding the metal stream.
  • the inlet 18 is coupled to a source of gas entrained flux.
  • the flux discharge device comprises two manifolds 17a each having an outlet 190 which will form a curtain along the adjacent face of the metal stream.
  • molten crude iron is withdrawn from a suitable source into the transfer ladle l and poured at a controlled rate into the tundish to maintain a constant head in the tundish.
  • the metal in the tundish will fall from the outlet nozzle 4 as a freely falling stream and the rate of flow with a'nozzle passage of /2 by 3 inches with'a head of 14 inches will be 1 ton per minute.
  • the passage may be as large as /2 by 24 inches to give a flow for the same head of 8 tons per minute.
  • the slag should be oxidizing and the flux therefore may be powdered lime or limestone admixed with iron oxide.
  • the extractor fan 10 operates to withdraw gas and fume from the vessel and is operated at a rate to cause 'air to be drawn into the vessel through a passage 20 defined by the hood portion and receptacle portion. This indrawn air will provide oxygen for the combustion of carbon monoxide and thereby the quantity of oxygen fed to the vessel through the gas discharge outlets is less than that which is required to fully oxidize the impurities to bring the metal impurities down to the desired limits.
  • a small surplus of air over that required to burn the carbon monoxide is provided to ensure that no carbon monoxide enquantity of scrap which can be included is substantially in- Tcreased.
  • the rest iron, the quantity of steel scrap melted to provide an end temperature of 1,650" C. was between 990 and 1,080 pounds for each 2,000 pounds of molten iron.
  • the theoretical maximum of scrap was 1,120 pounds for each 2,000 pounds of molten pig iron. in carrying out this refining the quantity of oxygen fed to the gas discharge nozzles was 2,500 cu.ft. per ton of metal and all the carbon monoxide was burnt to leave 1- 2 percent oxygen at the extractor inlet, the quantity of indrawn air being 7,100 cu.ft./ton of metal.
  • the refining process may be a single-stage process or it may be effected in more than one stage.
  • a first stage spray refining may be effected to desiliconize and partly decarburize the iron.
  • This pretreated iron may be further spray refined to remove further impurities in a second stage or may be fed as raw material for steel production in another vessel, e.g., an
  • the lower portion of the spray refining vessel of the first stage may be the LD converter vessel itself located below the hood portion, into which alance can be lowered to effect the 'second stage.
  • the receiving vessel after a run, may be agitated as by rotation to bring the reaction further toward equilibrium.
  • a nozzle defining a passage of other cross section may be used to give a high surface-to-volume ratio per unit length of flow, such for example as an elliptical cross section.
  • Apparatus for treating molten carbon-containing metal comprising a container having an outlet from which molten metal may be fed as a freely fallingflow, a reaction vessel comprising an upper compartment through which the metal may pass and a lower receiving compartment, gas discharge means to direct an oxidizing gas jet into the upper compartment which intersects and shatters the metal flow, passage means providing communication between the upper compartment and the ambient atmosphere when said vessel is in use and so located as to be always above the metal surface in said vessel, and extractor means for forcibly removing gas from said upper compartment and thereby'drawing air into said upper compartment through said passage means.
  • Apparatus for treating molten carbon-containing metal comprising a container having an outlet from which molten metal may be fed as a freely falling flow, a reaction vessel positioned below said container and comprising an upper hoodvessel, and-extractor means coupled to said offtake means for forcibly removing gas from said vessel into said offtake means and thereby drawing air into said vessel via said passage.
  • the gas discharge means comprises at least one gas discharge outlet which faces inwardly and downwardly to direct a stream of gas towards the metal flow path.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 including a discharge device for introducing slag producing material into the vessel.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 in which the discharge device is positioned to discharge slag producing material along a path passing between the path of the metal flow and the gas discharge means.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the vessel includes an inlet for feeding additives thereto during a run.
  • the gas discharge means comprises at least one gas discharge outlet which faces inwardly and downwardly and which has a convergent/divergent character to accelerate the gas flow.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US3554521D 1966-05-23 1967-05-22 The treating or refining of metal Expired - Lifetime US3554521A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3019866A GB1187974A (en) 1966-05-23 1966-05-23 Improvements in and relating to the Refining of Metal.
GB2279066A GB1187972A (en) 1966-05-23 1966-05-23 Improvements in and relating to the Treating or Refining of Metal.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3554521A true US3554521A (en) 1971-01-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US3554521D Expired - Lifetime US3554521A (en) 1966-05-23 1967-05-22 The treating or refining of metal
US3542351D Expired - Lifetime US3542351A (en) 1966-05-23 1967-05-22 Spray refining
US3672870D Expired - Lifetime US3672870A (en) 1966-05-23 1970-03-27 Spray refining

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US3542351D Expired - Lifetime US3542351A (en) 1966-05-23 1967-05-22 Spray refining
US3672870D Expired - Lifetime US3672870A (en) 1966-05-23 1970-03-27 Spray refining

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (3) US3554521A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5141567B1 (cs)
AT (1) AT320699B (cs)
BE (1) BE698826A (cs)
CS (1) CS152283B2 (cs)
DE (2) DE1533890B1 (cs)
ES (1) ES340759A1 (cs)
GB (1) GB1187972A (cs)
LU (1) LU53712A1 (cs)
NL (1) NL6707065A (cs)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3817502A (en) * 1972-09-21 1974-06-18 Mead Corp Apparatus and method for refining molten iron
US3834629A (en) * 1971-08-24 1974-09-10 Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab Method and means for shaping a stream of melt flowing from a tapping hole
US3970249A (en) * 1973-11-06 1976-07-20 National Research Development Corporation Spraying atomized particles
US20020104898A1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2002-08-08 L'oreal Spray device having at least two vector gas outlet orifices
US20030085302A1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2003-05-08 L'oreal Device for spraying a substance onto a medium
US20030108487A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2003-06-12 Isabelle Bara Device for spraying a cosmetic product
US6773246B2 (en) * 1996-11-19 2004-08-10 Tsao Chi-Yuan A. Atomizing apparatus and process
US20080156851A1 (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-03 Harikrishnan Ramanan Flux spray atomization and splash control
US20080238589A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2008-10-02 Nhan Toan Quan Air cap design for controlling spray flux
US20080237364A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Nitin Deshpande Flux air cap and spray nozzle designs

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3839018A (en) * 1968-06-03 1974-10-01 British Iron Steel Research Production of low carbon ferroalloys
RO55785A2 (cs) * 1970-10-08 1974-01-03
FI51602C (fi) * 1973-12-19 1977-02-10 Outokumpu Oy Tapa ja laite sulan aineen hajottamiseksi kaasumaisen tai höyrymäisen aineen suihkulla.
DE2620462A1 (de) * 1976-05-08 1977-11-24 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Verfahren zum vergasen von festen, fluessigen oder gasfoermigen kohlenstofftraegern, insbesondere zur herstellung eines reduktionsgases fuer metallurgische prozesse und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US5480097A (en) * 1994-03-25 1996-01-02 General Electric Company Gas atomizer with reduced backflow
US7765863B1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2010-08-03 Wayne Woolsey Phosphorescent wind indicator
JP2021515111A (ja) 2018-03-01 2021-06-17 オーラム インテグラ インコーポレイテッドＡｕｒｕｍ Ｉｎｔｅｇｒａ Ｉｎｃ． 合金の金属を選択的に酸化する方法

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2890953A (en) * 1954-11-16 1959-06-16 Peter Spence & Sons Ltd Continuous process for the manufacture of titanium metal
US2951756A (en) * 1958-05-16 1960-09-06 Cavanagh Patrick Edgar Method for jet smelting
US2969282A (en) * 1959-05-06 1961-01-24 British Oxygen Co Ltd Treatment of ferrous metal
US2995173A (en) * 1959-03-27 1961-08-08 Ingersoll Rand Canada Adjustable spray heads with aligning means
US2997384A (en) * 1958-03-28 1961-08-22 Fischer Ag Georg Method of treating molten metal
US3174200A (en) * 1961-06-15 1965-03-23 Union Carbide Corp Method of purging mold and pouring metal therein
US3216714A (en) * 1963-02-04 1965-11-09 Bot Brassert Oxygen Technik Ag Heating and blowing device for metallurgical purposes
US3234010A (en) * 1962-12-31 1966-02-08 Harold A Mahony Apparatus and process for high speed scrap smelting
US3251680A (en) * 1962-08-23 1966-05-17 Fuji Iron & Steel Co Ltd Method and apparatus for treating steels
US3356489A (en) * 1964-02-28 1967-12-05 Fischer Ag Georg Method and apparatus for treating metallic melts

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AT21850B (de) * 1903-12-07 1905-10-25 Henri Harmet Anlage zum Raffinieren von Roheisen durch Zerstäuben.
US1886285A (en) * 1930-01-09 1932-11-01 Globe Steel Abrasive Company Process of making metal abrasive material
US2315735A (en) * 1940-05-15 1943-04-06 Nat Gypsum Co Method of and apparatus for blowing mineral wool
DE907654C (de) * 1941-05-31 1954-03-29 Mannesmann Huettenwerke A G Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Frischen von Roheisen
AT182109B (de) * 1952-01-07 1955-05-25 Karl Dr Ing Niemiec Verfahren zum Vorfrischen und Entphosphoren von Roheisen
GB890282A (en) * 1957-05-03 1962-02-28 British Iron Steel Research Improvements in or relating to the treatment of molten metal
US3009205A (en) * 1958-04-28 1961-11-21 American Metal Climax Inc Method of making metal powder
GB949610A (en) * 1959-03-18 1964-02-12 British Iron Steel Research Improvements in or relating to the processing of metals
FR1297920A (fr) * 1961-05-27 1962-07-06 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Procédé d'élaboration de métal liquide par réduction directe de minerais oxydés
FR1314598A (fr) * 1961-12-16 1963-01-11 Elektrokemisk As Procédés pour la réduction d'oxydes métalliques et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2890953A (en) * 1954-11-16 1959-06-16 Peter Spence & Sons Ltd Continuous process for the manufacture of titanium metal
US2997384A (en) * 1958-03-28 1961-08-22 Fischer Ag Georg Method of treating molten metal
US2951756A (en) * 1958-05-16 1960-09-06 Cavanagh Patrick Edgar Method for jet smelting
US2995173A (en) * 1959-03-27 1961-08-08 Ingersoll Rand Canada Adjustable spray heads with aligning means
US2969282A (en) * 1959-05-06 1961-01-24 British Oxygen Co Ltd Treatment of ferrous metal
US3174200A (en) * 1961-06-15 1965-03-23 Union Carbide Corp Method of purging mold and pouring metal therein
US3251680A (en) * 1962-08-23 1966-05-17 Fuji Iron & Steel Co Ltd Method and apparatus for treating steels
US3234010A (en) * 1962-12-31 1966-02-08 Harold A Mahony Apparatus and process for high speed scrap smelting
US3216714A (en) * 1963-02-04 1965-11-09 Bot Brassert Oxygen Technik Ag Heating and blowing device for metallurgical purposes
US3356489A (en) * 1964-02-28 1967-12-05 Fischer Ag Georg Method and apparatus for treating metallic melts

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3834629A (en) * 1971-08-24 1974-09-10 Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab Method and means for shaping a stream of melt flowing from a tapping hole
US3817502A (en) * 1972-09-21 1974-06-18 Mead Corp Apparatus and method for refining molten iron
US3970249A (en) * 1973-11-06 1976-07-20 National Research Development Corporation Spraying atomized particles
US6773246B2 (en) * 1996-11-19 2004-08-10 Tsao Chi-Yuan A. Atomizing apparatus and process
US20020104898A1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2002-08-08 L'oreal Spray device having at least two vector gas outlet orifices
US20100025495A1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2010-02-04 L'oreal Spray device having at least two vector gas outlet orifices
US20030108487A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2003-06-12 Isabelle Bara Device for spraying a cosmetic product
US20030085302A1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2003-05-08 L'oreal Device for spraying a substance onto a medium
US7159796B2 (en) * 2001-10-11 2007-01-09 L'oreal Device for spraying a substance onto a medium
US20080156851A1 (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-03 Harikrishnan Ramanan Flux spray atomization and splash control
US7644871B2 (en) * 2006-12-29 2010-01-12 Intel Corporation Flux spray atomization and splash control
US20080238589A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2008-10-02 Nhan Toan Quan Air cap design for controlling spray flux
US20080237364A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Nitin Deshpande Flux air cap and spray nozzle designs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US3542351A (en) 1970-11-24
CS152283B2 (cs) 1973-12-19
LU53712A1 (cs) 1967-07-24
DE1533891B1 (de) 1971-04-08
JPS5141567B1 (cs) 1976-11-10
AT320699B (de) 1975-02-25
NL6707065A (cs) 1967-11-24
BE698826A (cs) 1967-11-03
US3672870A (en) 1972-06-27
GB1187972A (en) 1970-04-15
ES340759A1 (es) 1968-06-01
DE1533890B1 (de) 1971-04-01

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