US3539005A - Method of and apparatus for sorting bodies of ferromagnetic materials in magnetic field - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for sorting bodies of ferromagnetic materials in magnetic field Download PDF

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Publication number
US3539005A
US3539005A US790905A US3539005DA US3539005A US 3539005 A US3539005 A US 3539005A US 790905 A US790905 A US 790905A US 3539005D A US3539005D A US 3539005DA US 3539005 A US3539005 A US 3539005A
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United States
Prior art keywords
articles
permeability
sorting
magnetic field
zone
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US790905A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pavel Nekvinda
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Statni Vyzkumny Ustav Textilni
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Statni Vyzkumny Ustav Textilni
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/344—Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • G01N27/80—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating mechanical hardness, e.g. by investigating saturation or remanence of ferromagnetic material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
    • G01R33/1223—Measuring permeability, i.e. permeameters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S209/00—Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
    • Y10S209/919—Rotary feed conveyor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of sorting ferromagnetic articles according to their permeability.
  • the permeability and hardness of ferromagnetic material are inversely proportional to one another and, based on such recognition, the present invention provides a convenient nondestructive way of classifying articles such as ball or roller bearings, travellers on a ring spinning machine, and the like.
  • a drawback of such conventional method is that it furnishes an either/or response and does not discriminate between permeabilities which are higher or lower than those corresponding to a predetermined standard. It only rejects or accepts articles of certain permeability, but does not grade them within a range of values.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a simple method of sorting ferromagnetic articles in a mag- These objectsare accomplished by conveying articles made of ferromagnetic material along a predetermined path crossing a series of zones of predetermined and differing magnetic field intensity provided in a non-homogenous magnetic field. For each zone the induced electromotive force is-compared with a standard value, to indicate whether an article has the standard permeability predetermined for the particular zone. If it has the required permeability, a preferably mechanical sorting device is actuated to remove the article from the respective zone and to collect it in a corresponding receptacle.
  • the article If does not have the permeability corresponding to a predetermined value, the article is advanced into the next adjacent zone of different magnetic intensity, where another comparison between the obtained electromotive force, the field intensity and the permeability takes place, and so on, until coincidence of the measured and predetermined permeability values triggers the sorting mechanism for removing the article and introducing it into one of several receptacles provided for articles of higheror lower permeability.
  • the magnitude of the induced electromotive force is the same when an article of relatively weak permeability passes through a zone of greater field intensity, as when an article of relatively strong permeability passes through a zone of lesser field intensity. If the sequence of zones is such that the articles pass first through a zone of least intensity, articles with strong permeability will induce therein an electromotive force which an article of lesser permeability will 'not induce until it has been conveyed into a zone of greater field intensity.
  • FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic fragmentary front elevational view of the apparatus which is employed for the practice of the above described method
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view as seen from the line Il-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a wiring diagram of the circuit used in the apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 shows a measuring coil 1 connected to a source of current, on the U-shaped core 2 on which two pole pieces 3 face each other across an air gap 4.
  • the air gap 4 has a trapezoidal cross section defined by the slant of the pole pieces 3 which are furthest apart from one another at the outer face of the core 2, and taper off toward each other in theinterior region of the core 2.
  • the maximum width of the air gap 4 corresponds to a zone of least magnetic field intensity, and conversely, the minimum width corresponds to a zone of greatest magnetic field intensity.
  • the air gap 4 forms a passageway for articles whose permeability is to be examined and which, in the illustrated example, are travellers 5 of a ring spinning machine.
  • the travellers 5 are placed in radial grooves 6 of a conveyor wheel 7 and are advanced, by the rotation of the wheel, along an arcuate path which intersects the air gap 4 where a retaining device or trap plate 8 on one arm of a two-armed lever 9, prevents their falling off.
  • the other arm of the lever is attached to an armature 10 which is connected to spring means 12 for removal from an electromagnet 11 when the latter is deenergized.
  • the measuring coil 1 is connected to a Wheatstone bridge 13; as shown in FIG. 3, which has a diagonal 17. This diagonal is also connected to the electromagnet 1].
  • the Wheatstone bridge 13 to which the measuring coil 1 is connected is adjustable through the impedances 14, 15 and 16, to be in equilibrium when, for example, a traveller 5 of predetermined hardness that is, permeability, is at the halfway point of its passage through the air gap 4.
  • the equilibrium state of the bridge 13 is coordinated with a zero voltage on the diagonal 17.
  • the zero voltage is a signal of deenergization of the electromagnet 11 connected to the diagonal 17, whereby the armature 10 is released from the electromagnet, and withdrawn therefrom by the spring means 12.
  • the movement of the armature 10 causes the lever 9 to tilt the trap plate 8 so that a suitably positioned container (not shown) can receive the traveller as it falls out of the groove 6.
  • a traveller 5 entering the air gap 4 has a permeability which is greater than the standard value, that is, if the material of which the article is made has less hardness than is specified, the traveller will not reach the half-way mark but will have been removed before getting to that point; greater permeability, that is lesser hardness causes the predetermined zero voltage to be registered when the traveller is in a zone close to the widest diameter of the air gap.
  • the trap plate 8 is actuated by the zero voltage, and causes articles of greater than standard permeability to enter another container.
  • a method of sorting magnetizable articles comprising the steps of establishing a magnetic field including a succession of zones each of which has a predetermined intensity; conveying a series of magnetizable articles of different permeability along a path which intersects successive zones of said field whereby each article produces in the magnetic flux across said zones a change which is a function of its permeability; measuring said changes of magnetic flux and determin ing the deviation of such changes for each zone of said field with a different reference value; and sorting the articles in accordance with the extent ofsuch deviation.
  • said sorting step comprises removing articles of different permeability from different portions ofsaid path.
  • zones include two outermost zones and the intensity of said magnetic field varies gradually between said outermost zones thereof.
  • said sorting step comprises removing articles from those portions of said path which intersects zones wherein the respective article causes in the magnetic flux a change whose deviation from the respective reference value corresponds to a predetermined magnitude.
  • Apparatus for sorting magnetizable articles comprising means for establishing a magnetic field including a succession of zones each of which has a predetermined intensity; conveyor means for transporting a series of magnetizable articles of different permeability along a path which intersects successive zones of said field whereby each article produces in the magnetic flux across said zones a change which is a function of its permeability; means for measuring said changes of magnetic flux and for determining the deviation of such changes for each zone of said field from a different reference value; and means for sorting the articles in accordance with the extent of such deviation.
  • said means for establishing a magnetic field comprises a measuring coil having a core provided with convergent pole pieces defining an air gap and flanking said zones, said measuring means comprising an electric control circuit arranged to produce signals for said sorting means.
  • said circuit comprises a resistance bridge including impcdances adjusted to establish an e uilibrium of the bridge when articles having a nominal permea ihty are located m a predetermined zone of said field.
  • said sorting means comprises an electromagnet and a mechanical sorting device operative in response to a change in the condition of said clectromagnet in response to said signals.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Discharge Of Articles From Conveyors (AREA)
US790905A 1968-01-15 1969-01-14 Method of and apparatus for sorting bodies of ferromagnetic materials in magnetic field Expired - Lifetime US3539005A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS28868 1968-01-15

Publications (1)

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US3539005A true US3539005A (en) 1970-11-10

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US790905A Expired - Lifetime US3539005A (en) 1968-01-15 1969-01-14 Method of and apparatus for sorting bodies of ferromagnetic materials in magnetic field

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3539005A (de)
AT (1) AT285216B (de)
DE (1) DE1901465A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2000262A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1194995A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2433181A1 (fr) * 1978-08-07 1980-03-07 Gen Electric Procede et appareil pour la determination d'un additif paramagnetique dans un materiau paramagnetique de base
US4454028A (en) * 1982-07-30 1984-06-12 Point Of Purchase Recycling, Inc. Can sorting method and apparatus
US5293980A (en) * 1992-03-05 1994-03-15 Parker Donald O Coin analyzer sensor configuration and system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3234535A1 (de) * 1982-09-17 1984-03-22 Institut Prikladnoj Fiziki Akademii Nauk Belorusskoj SSR, Minsk Verfahren zur elektromagnetischen kontrolle der mechanischen eigenschaften von sich bewegenden ferromagnetischen teilen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2433181A1 (fr) * 1978-08-07 1980-03-07 Gen Electric Procede et appareil pour la determination d'un additif paramagnetique dans un materiau paramagnetique de base
US4454028A (en) * 1982-07-30 1984-06-12 Point Of Purchase Recycling, Inc. Can sorting method and apparatus
US5293980A (en) * 1992-03-05 1994-03-15 Parker Donald O Coin analyzer sensor configuration and system
US5439089A (en) * 1992-03-05 1995-08-08 Parker; Donald O. Coin analyzer sensor configuration and system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1901465A1 (de) 1969-08-28
GB1194995A (en) 1970-06-17
AT285216B (de) 1970-10-27
FR2000262A1 (de) 1969-09-05

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