US3538711A - Device for control and prevention of coast erosion - Google Patents

Device for control and prevention of coast erosion Download PDF

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Publication number
US3538711A
US3538711A US710529A US3538711DA US3538711A US 3538711 A US3538711 A US 3538711A US 710529 A US710529 A US 710529A US 3538711D A US3538711D A US 3538711DA US 3538711 A US3538711 A US 3538711A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
hose
seabed
laying
coast
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US710529A
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English (en)
Inventor
Erik Nielsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fyens Saekkekompagni AS
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Fyens Saekkekompagni AS
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Application filed by Fyens Saekkekompagni AS filed Critical Fyens Saekkekompagni AS
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling and preventing coast erosion and furthermore to methods of depositing the device.
  • the suggestions could in the main be systematically divided into four groups.
  • the first group comprises construction of groynes. These can be constructed in various ways, for instance by placing concrete blocks of suitable sizes in a connected system or by placing stones between piles driven into the seabed.
  • the drawback to groynes of the above type is, on account of their running above the water, that they break and bend the current. As a result very strong eddies arise, undermining and demolishing the groyne, partly by scouring at the extreme end of the groyne and partly by backwashing the shore connection of the groyne. Further a single groyne will give rise to erosion at a certain distance from the groyne as a result of the bend it imparts to the current. In addition, these groynes have very high construction costs and only relative short lives, cm. above, even where substantial amounts are spent on maintenance.
  • the second group concerns the efforts at stabilizing the seabed, for instance by means of placing foil on the seabed or by arrangement of underwater fascines.
  • the drawback to these devices is their very short lives. Among other things, it has proved very difficult to secure foils on the seabed.
  • the third group comprises the efforts at reducing erosion through levelling and asphalting, etc. of dunes. These works are highly expensive and do not prevent the erosion, but merely delay it.
  • the fourth possibility is the placing of artificial seaweed. This solution appears efiicient, but has not yet been sufficiently tested on open shores.
  • the device comprises a length of a flexible preferably thin-walled tube or hose filled with a sandy and/ or stony material.
  • the tube or hose may be made of any suitable material, if just the requirement of flexibility is fulfilled,
  • Tubes of plastic may be used, for instance tubes of extruded plastic and also tubes of sheet plastic, supplied in length and welded to tubes on the location where they are used. If desired the sheets may be provided with reinforcements as known per se. As will later be more fully described, perforated tubes may be used.
  • tubes or hoses formed of woven or knitted materials come into consideration: manufacture from plastic threads, plastic filaments and other materials used for textile purposes including natural fibres and if desired reinforcement members which may be of mineralic origin, such as glass fibres.
  • the filled tube or hose may be laid as a single length, but may also be laid in two lengths side by side or in several lengths, where some of the lengths are superim posed underlying lengths.
  • the tube or hose may be designed with a particular cross section, such as in the form of a triangle, especially an equilateral triangle.
  • the design and size of the tube or hose section can be chosen to suit the conditions. If desired, the tube or hose may be formed with attached flaps or attached pockets to catch the movement of the sand of the seabed. Also artificial seaweed could be attached to the outside of the tube to influence the current, the effect of which causes the erosion.
  • the device according to the invention may be laid out transverse to the coastline, along the coastline, and due to the flexibility of the tube or hose also, if necessary, following any curved line.
  • the laying of the device can be eflected in short time and for low cost.
  • the invention also relates to methods of laying the above mentioned device.
  • One method according to the invention of laying the device comprises the steps of cutting the tube or hose to the length required, running a flexible pumping hose into the tilbe or hose, sealing the end of said tube or hose, which is to be laid first, anchoring this end to the seabed, keeping the rest of the tube or hose afloat, pumping a mixture of water and sand and/or pebbles into the tube or hose, gradually retracting the pumping hose, eventually sealing the tube when the filling has been completed.
  • the water may pass out through the perforations.
  • Some sand may also be carried out by the water through the perforations; this, however, is of minor importance due to the fact that sand is a cheap material and is easily accessible at coasts.
  • a large amount of sand particles being of a smaller size than corresponding to the mesh of the perforations is withheld inside the perforated tube, also when it has been lying on the seabed for months.
  • the sandy material used is a mixture of sand and clay particles. Only during the pumping clay particles will be carried out through the perforations, but when the tube has been filled and been situated on the seabed the clay particles will not be washed out.
  • Another method according to the invention of laying the device comprises the step of sealing one end of the tube or hose turning the tube inside out in such a way that on a small length from the sealed end the rest of the tube or hose is situated in a crimped position, filling said small length with a sandy and/or stony material and gradually, while still filling, turning the crimped part of the tube or hose back to normal.
  • the filling can be filled in either as it is, i.e. in dry state, or in wetted state or it can be filled in as a pumpable mass in a mixture with water.
  • a third method according to the invention comprises the forming of a tube from two or more rolls of sheet material filling the formed tube a small length from the site where the tube is formed.
  • the device according to the invention and the above mentioned methods for laying the device is not limited to the protection of coasts only, but could be used with advantage for the protection of dikes, by the construction of dikes, building of harbours and breakwaters, for damming, for changes of the courses of streams, etc.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a tube.
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the tube of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional elevation at right angles to a coastline, illustrating the principle of the laying of the tube.
  • FIG. 4 is a plane view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows the tube in similar way as FIG. 3 after completion of the laying operation.
  • FIGS. 6-8 show modified forms of tubes or hoses.
  • FIG. 9 shows a section of an apparatus for laying tubes according to a preferred method.
  • FIG. 10 a nozzle appearing in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 a cross section of the nozzle according to FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the tube before laying.
  • the section chosen is merely an example, which may be modified according to conditions.
  • 1 is the tube wall.
  • 2 is an example of a retaining device for the hose 3 to be used for pumping the filler into the tube.
  • 4 is the surface of the water.
  • 5 are the floats keeping the tube afloat, being connected with the tube by means of a line 6 and fastened by slip-sticks.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic presentation of the laying operation, showing a sectional elevation at right angles to the coastline.
  • the beach 7 passes into the seabed 8.
  • the anchoring 9 is seen at the extreme end. Filling has been started, being effected from the shore in the example shown. Filling takes place at the vertical stage marked a between the floating and the submerged part of the tube.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of FIG. 3.
  • the innermost end of the tube is anchored on shore 10.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 11 illustrates a pumping unit.
  • FIG. 5 shows the tube submerged. In this case the entire tube is submerged, but in the case of the tube having to be laid above water, for instance for damming purposes, generally speaking the same laying procedure can be applied.
  • FIG. 6 shows the cross section of a plastic tube 11, which may be formed either by extrusion or by welding a sheet of plastic.
  • the welded parts form a flap 12.
  • the flap 12 is formed during the extrusion. Small strips 12a of artificial seaweed are fastened to the flap.
  • FIG. 7 shows in perspective view a hose of woven polyethylene threads.
  • the material is woven together at 13 and 14, whereby small flaps appear to the upper flap 14. Larger flaps 15 may be attached as indicated by dotted lines.
  • FIG. 8 shows in perspective view a hose of coarse woven material especially suited for filling with stony materials.
  • the mesh of the woven material is so coarse that when small stones about up to mm. are filled in the hose, they may partly stick out of the holes.
  • Such hoses are especially suited to be laid out on stony seabeds.
  • FIG. 9 shows diagrammatically a cross section of an apparatus suited for laying tubes of the form such as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • 21 is a tube or hose, the ends of which have been sealed and stuck down through a nozzle 22, which is shown separately in FIG. 10.
  • the nozzle comprises an upper funnel-shaped part 23, a lower funnel-shaped part 24 and a cylindrical connection part 25.
  • the shown embodiment of the nozzle is built of rods.
  • the outer diameter of the ring 26 is chosen so that the tube 21 may be turned inside out over the ring, whereas the diameter of the ring 27 has at least the same diameter as the tube to be laid, when the sealed end of the tube has been stuck down through the nozzle the rest of the tube is turned inside out over the ring 26 and sandy and/ or stony material filled in through the pipe 28. When the sealed end then sinks down, it runs along guiding rollers 29 and is deposited on the seabed.
  • brackets supporting the nozzle in a desired angle A relatively to the seabed are brackets supporting the nozzle in a desired angle A relatively to the seabed.
  • the brackets are fastened to a float or vehicle or still better to an amphibian vehicle to be universal usable.
  • a tube of 800 mm. diameter and a nozzle 1200 mm. long it is possible to have meters of tube stored on the outside of the nozzle.
  • a method of laying a coast protecting device com-' prising at least one length of a flexible preferably thinwalled pervious tube or hose filled selectively with a sandy, stony material comprising the steps of cutting the tube or hose to a length required, running a flexible pumping hose into the tube or hose, sealing the end of the tube or hose, which is to be laid first, anchoring this end to the seabed, keeping the rest of the tube or hose afloat, pumping a mixture of water and selectively sand and pebbles into the tube or hose, gradually retracting the pumping hose, eventually sealing the tube when the filling has been completed.
  • a method of laying a coast protecting means comprising at least one length of a flexible preferably thinwalled pervious tube or hose filled selectively with a sandy, stony material, comprising the steps of sealing one end of the tube or hose, turning the tube inside out in progressively moving the tube or hose during said filling to place the same along the seabed path where the coast protecting means is being deposited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Barrages (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
US710529A 1967-03-07 1968-03-05 Device for control and prevention of coast erosion Expired - Lifetime US3538711A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK117067AA DK141256B (da) 1967-03-07 1967-03-07 Fremgangsmåde til hindring af kysterosion.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3538711A true US3538711A (en) 1970-11-10

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US710529A Expired - Lifetime US3538711A (en) 1967-03-07 1968-03-05 Device for control and prevention of coast erosion

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US3538711A (da)
BE (1) BE711707A (da)
DE (1) DE1708514A1 (da)
DK (1) DK141256B (da)
ES (2) ES351324A1 (da)
FR (1) FR1555380A (da)
GB (1) GB1221687A (da)
IL (1) IL29564A (da)
NL (1) NL6803273A (da)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3696623A (en) * 1968-07-30 1972-10-10 Hoechst Ag Woven mat
US3722222A (en) * 1970-05-11 1973-03-27 Bitumarin Nv Support means for slope revetments
WO1980002436A1 (en) * 1979-05-03 1980-11-13 E Nielsen Safety mat for use in protection of waterwashed areas against erosion and/or undermining
WO1981001719A1 (en) * 1979-12-12 1981-06-25 Armerad Betong Ab A method of manufacturing a protective device against the erosion of the bottoms of seas and lakes,of banks,bank revetments and the like
US4555201A (en) * 1983-11-14 1985-11-26 Paoluccio John A Sediment dike apparatus and methods
US4657433A (en) * 1986-06-05 1987-04-14 Holmberg Dick L Shoreline erosion control mat and method of use therefor
US4661014A (en) * 1983-12-23 1987-04-28 Groupement D'interet Economique Prefabricated civil engineering module, method for the construction of a structure including said module and resulting structure
US4889446A (en) * 1985-01-17 1989-12-26 Holmberg Dick L Erosion control foundation mat and method
US4966491A (en) * 1989-08-01 1990-10-30 Sample Jay W Subsurface dune protection system and method
US5158395A (en) * 1985-01-17 1992-10-27 Holmberg Dick L Erosion control foundation mat and method
US20110011037A1 (en) * 2009-06-18 2011-01-20 Charles Kean Device for manufacturing sandbags
WO2016016367A1 (en) 2014-07-31 2016-02-04 Carpi Tech B.V. Method, waterproof liner and waterproof panels for installation in basins and canals
US9297134B1 (en) * 2012-02-08 2016-03-29 Carol J. Dancer Self-expanding barrier for control of surface water flow

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2726692C3 (de) * 1977-06-14 1981-09-03 Wulf 2000 Hamburg Krohn Uferdeckwerk
FR2427980A1 (fr) * 1978-06-06 1980-01-04 Johansen Ebbe Procede et appareil pour remplir un tube ou un tuyau d'un materiau solide, pierreux, granulaire, pulverulent ou en grains
US4352590A (en) * 1979-06-11 1982-10-05 Parker William R Stabilization of erodible marine or fluviatile sediments
BR8108599A (pt) * 1980-05-10 1982-04-06 Jeppe Flord Larsen Ole Estrutura de barreira alongada e processos de formacao da mesma
GB2138476B (en) * 1983-04-22 1986-10-08 Colcrete Bau Gmbh Co Kg Apparatus for laying voluminous fabric coverings to be filled with heavy flowable material
GB2230038A (en) * 1989-04-07 1990-10-10 Univ Cardiff Underwater wall construction
GR1001915B (en) * 1994-08-23 1995-06-30 L Konstantinos Goudas A system for protecting harbors against sedimentation and for nourishing shores (SPPLAA)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1275860A (en) * 1916-01-17 1918-08-13 Andrew O Cunningham Mattress for shore protection.
US1783908A (en) * 1927-03-11 1930-12-02 Dyeing Processes Corp Art of treating yarn
US2968928A (en) * 1954-03-26 1961-01-24 Wicklander Anders Emanuel Floating barrier
US3234741A (en) * 1960-10-28 1966-02-15 Ionides Michael George Layers or screens for preventing or minimising fluid flow through surfaces
US3299640A (en) * 1963-01-14 1967-01-24 Roblon As Means for influencing the sub-marine migration of material
US3380220A (en) * 1963-09-03 1968-04-30 Dow Chemical Co Plastic bag tree packaging
US3396542A (en) * 1965-10-05 1968-08-13 Tech Inc Const Method and arrangements for protecting shorelines
US3425227A (en) * 1965-10-22 1969-02-04 Tech Inc Const Form for constructing a slab for talus or bottom protection

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1275860A (en) * 1916-01-17 1918-08-13 Andrew O Cunningham Mattress for shore protection.
US1783908A (en) * 1927-03-11 1930-12-02 Dyeing Processes Corp Art of treating yarn
US2968928A (en) * 1954-03-26 1961-01-24 Wicklander Anders Emanuel Floating barrier
US3234741A (en) * 1960-10-28 1966-02-15 Ionides Michael George Layers or screens for preventing or minimising fluid flow through surfaces
US3299640A (en) * 1963-01-14 1967-01-24 Roblon As Means for influencing the sub-marine migration of material
US3380220A (en) * 1963-09-03 1968-04-30 Dow Chemical Co Plastic bag tree packaging
US3396542A (en) * 1965-10-05 1968-08-13 Tech Inc Const Method and arrangements for protecting shorelines
US3425227A (en) * 1965-10-22 1969-02-04 Tech Inc Const Form for constructing a slab for talus or bottom protection

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3696623A (en) * 1968-07-30 1972-10-10 Hoechst Ag Woven mat
US3722222A (en) * 1970-05-11 1973-03-27 Bitumarin Nv Support means for slope revetments
WO1980002436A1 (en) * 1979-05-03 1980-11-13 E Nielsen Safety mat for use in protection of waterwashed areas against erosion and/or undermining
WO1981001719A1 (en) * 1979-12-12 1981-06-25 Armerad Betong Ab A method of manufacturing a protective device against the erosion of the bottoms of seas and lakes,of banks,bank revetments and the like
US4555201A (en) * 1983-11-14 1985-11-26 Paoluccio John A Sediment dike apparatus and methods
US4661014A (en) * 1983-12-23 1987-04-28 Groupement D'interet Economique Prefabricated civil engineering module, method for the construction of a structure including said module and resulting structure
US4889446A (en) * 1985-01-17 1989-12-26 Holmberg Dick L Erosion control foundation mat and method
US5158395A (en) * 1985-01-17 1992-10-27 Holmberg Dick L Erosion control foundation mat and method
US4657433A (en) * 1986-06-05 1987-04-14 Holmberg Dick L Shoreline erosion control mat and method of use therefor
US4966491A (en) * 1989-08-01 1990-10-30 Sample Jay W Subsurface dune protection system and method
US20110011037A1 (en) * 2009-06-18 2011-01-20 Charles Kean Device for manufacturing sandbags
US8347592B2 (en) * 2009-06-18 2013-01-08 Charles Kean Device for manufacturing sandbags
US9297134B1 (en) * 2012-02-08 2016-03-29 Carol J. Dancer Self-expanding barrier for control of surface water flow
WO2016016367A1 (en) 2014-07-31 2016-02-04 Carpi Tech B.V. Method, waterproof liner and waterproof panels for installation in basins and canals
US10422096B2 (en) * 2014-07-31 2019-09-24 Carpi Tech B.V. Method, waterproof liner and waterproof panels for installation in basins and canals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6803273A (da) 1968-09-09
DE1708514A1 (de) 1971-04-29
IL29564A (en) 1971-07-28
DK141256C (da) 1980-07-07
DK141256B (da) 1980-02-11
BE711707A (da) 1968-07-15
FR1555380A (da) 1969-01-24
ES364293A1 (es) 1971-01-01
GB1221687A (en) 1971-02-03
ES351324A1 (es) 1969-06-16

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