US3537268A - Marine station and method for fabricating the same - Google Patents

Marine station and method for fabricating the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3537268A
US3537268A US751113A US3537268DA US3537268A US 3537268 A US3537268 A US 3537268A US 751113 A US751113 A US 751113A US 3537268D A US3537268D A US 3537268DA US 3537268 A US3537268 A US 3537268A
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water
cylinder
cylinders
concrete
station
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US751113A
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Hans Christer Georgii
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/78—Large containers for use in or under water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/06—Constructions, or methods of constructing, in water

Definitions

  • a marine station is formed of one or more concrete cylinders cast in situ in a body of water over the location intended for the station. The cylinder or cylinders are then sunk into position.
  • the cylinders are provided with internal chambers adapted to accommodate personnel and/ or equipment. Moreover, peripheral hollows or bores are provided, surrounding the chamber through which hollows or bores may the passed communication devices, tools, etc.
  • the cylinders may be supported on piles or by cables or on platforms or the like.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrammatic cross-sectional views representing two stages in the fabrication of a cylinder as employed in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing a marine station provided in accordance with one embodiment of the invention partly immersed in a body of water;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view representing a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along VI-VI of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view of a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic view of a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 10 diagramatically illustrates a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XI XI of FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XII XII of FIG. 10.
  • underwater stations are constructed in concrete for water depths, for example, down to 3000-4000 feet. Such stations are intended to facilitate operations such as drilling for oil, pumping, mining and so forth, both in the exploration stage and in full operation.
  • stations consist of concrete cylinders manufactured according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,249,664.
  • the dimensions of these cylinders are preferably very large in order to permit an eflicient production.
  • the size causes such a deadweight of the construction that an ordinary on-shore manufacturing (with subsequent launching) is -very disadvantageous.
  • the concrete cylinder is preferably made of two halfspherical end sections and one cylinder section covered by the end sections, the cylinder shell having a continuous surface.
  • the cylinder sections may have peripheral hollows in the concrete shell. If necessary, the concrete can be reinforced by means of, for example, longitudinal cables as the sections may have to take up considerable forces.
  • the cylinders are connected at the cylinder mantle surface. This part of the unit is less sensitive to outside forces of all kinds.
  • a complete station can consist of one, two, three or more separate units.
  • the top unit can, if desired, reach the water surface and above the same.
  • the top unit is utilized as an exchange bell to serve the station, as a communication element, with supplies, equipment and personnel.
  • Special top units may be used for handling oil pumped out of a well or ore excavated from a mine.
  • the station assembly principle permits special units to be used when opening a well or a shaft, and other units to be used when sealing off a well, while still others can be used during the time the deposit is being explored.
  • the peripheral hollows have many functions, such as enabling the shell to take moment from, for instance,
  • ballast or trimming tanks are used as ballast or trimming tanks; these tanks are used in combination with propellers for the trimming of the hulls position when the station is sunk to the operation site; the ballast tanks also regulate the weight, for example at the mooring operation; by trimming the peripheral tanks it is possible to neutralize forces created by a steady current when the unit is in operation; communication between the cylinders; it is better to use the cylinder shell for the communication ducts because these constructions are less sensitive to outside forces; it is also easier to achieve the waterproofing in this way (e.g. between the units) for piling or other foundation work as described below; for the coupling of the cylinder units;
  • peripheral hollows also give an extra safety, for example, in the event of collisions (even though some hol- 10Ws may collapse, the hull will remain intact).
  • Both the piling and the coupling are automatic operations which can be handled by remote control.
  • the important point about peripheral hollows in this connection is that the equipment and the operation to make one unit function can be protected and oriented in one hollow.
  • the operational need for the hollow can vary from unit to unit, and so can the use for each hollow.
  • the operational range and the functioning of each cylinder is increased to a wide range and ⁇ variety.
  • the foundation can be made by means of conventional piling or a combination of piling and an in situ mooring (the piling absorbs the pressure and the mooring absorbs the lifting forces).
  • the piling takes place in the peripheral hollows as an automatic operation.
  • Each pile has a hammer. When the pile is down, the lower part of the hollow is filled with concrete.
  • the cylinder may be equipped with a bottom ring of outside cylinders. From these outside cylinders it is possible to pile or drill mooring for a foundation. It is also possible to use an outside ring of cylinders separated from the station as an anchor connected with the station by cables only. When the station is in position on site, water is pumped out of the peripheral hollows of the station simultaneously with pumping of water into the anchorring. The anchor ring will then be situated on the bottom, while the station is prevented from rising by the cable connection between station and anchor. In this way a stable position of the station is achieved, regardless of groundtconditions, at the same time as a buoyancy is effected in the station, giving an extra safety factor.
  • a special foundation is provided with one large tube directly drilled and injected into fresh rock. This foundation is advantageous when the operation consists of mining and when fresh rockis available. The shaft is then passed through the center of the foundation.
  • the method used for making elongated hollow concrete bodies comprises the steps of fabricating first a comparatively short end section for the hollow body, having one end closed and the opposite end open; placing the closed end section with its axis vertical and the open end facing upwards on the surface of a body of water so that the end section is floating substantially independently in the water with its upper edge above the surface of said water and its entire weight balanced by the upward thrust of the surrounding water; placing a form for the pouring of concrete along the upper edge of the end section; progressively fabricating the concrete body on top of the upper edge of said end section vertically upwards, by pouring concrete in the form and progressively raising the form vertically upwards relative to the fabricated portion of the concrete body; and simultaneously filling Water into the end section of and the fabricated portion of the concrete body so that said end section and said fabricated portion of the concrete body sink together vertically downwards in the surrounding water but are maintained substantially independently floating therein with the upper edge of said fabricated portion of said concrete body above the surface of the surrounding water and with the entire weight of said end section and
  • FIG. 1 shows the first fabricated, close bottom section 1 of the hollow concrete body to be fabricated.
  • This bottom section may be fabricated on land and may consist of reinforced concrete for forming an integral part of the concrete body to be fabricated. Alternatively this bottom or end section may be constructed of steel or any other suitable material and be removable from the fabricated concrete body, when this is completed, and reusable for the fabrication of further concrete bodies.
  • the bottom section 1 is placed floating with its open end facing upwards on the surface of a free body of water 2, preferably having a depth exceeding the desired length of the concrete body to be fabricated.
  • On the upper edge of this bottom section 1 a suitable form for the pouring of concrete, preferably a slip-form, is placed.
  • the form 3 is preferably substantially entirely supported from the floating bottom section 1.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 is indicated a cylinder 10 provided with an internal chamber 12.
  • the cylinder is supported on piles such as indicated at 14 and 16, these piles extending into the floor 18 of the body of water 20 whose surface is indicated 22.
  • the cylinder consists of a closed bottom portion 24 fabricated in the manner indicated above, with a side wall 26 extending above the surface 22 and supporting a platform 28 fabricated of concrete or possibly also fabricated of metal or the like.
  • the wall 26 of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of peripheral hollows or bores 30 through some of which extend the aforesaid piles. As will be seen hereinafter, these hollows may also be employed for accommodating communication devices, tools or such.
  • the size of the chamber 12 is such that it can accommodate personnel, apparatus or the like. Moreover, ventilating equipment can also be provided in and/or between the hollows 30 and the chamber 12.
  • the cylinder of FIGS. 3 and 4 is fabricated in the manner which has been described above relative to FIGS. 1 and 2. It is preferable that the cylinder be fabricated in position above the location on the floor 18 whereat it is ultimately intended to come to rest, the cylinder then being sunk into position and anchored to the floor 18 in the manner indicated, or in one of the ways indicated subsequently herein with respect to other embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a further embodiment of the I invention wherein a cylinder 32 is provided with a semispherical bottom end 34, the cylinder extending at 36 above the surface 38 of the body of water 40.
  • the top of the cylinder supports a drilling platform 42 which is fabricated of concrete or which alternatively may be made of metal or the like.
  • the wall of the cylinder is provided with peripheral openings, hollows or bores 52 through which may be passed communication devices or the like.
  • the cylinder is actually constituted of an upper part 54 mounted on a lower part 56, the two cylinder sections being vertically stacked in coaxial relationship.
  • the cylinder of the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 is supported in position by means of the aforesaid piles, but also by means of cables 60, 62 and the like which are connected under tension at 54 to the upper portion of the cylinder.
  • the cylinder is provided wtih an internal chamber 66 within which may be provided conventional means (not shown) for enabling communication and transportation between the upper and lower portions thereof.
  • Such means may include ladders, stairs, elevators and the like.
  • FIG. 7 is illustrated yet another embodiment of the invention consisting of two cylinders diagrammatically illustrated vertically stacked in end-to-end coaxial relationship, the lower cylinder being indicated at 70 and including an internal chamber 72, the upper cylinder being indicated at 74 and likewise includes an internal chamber (not shown).
  • a communication duct 76 To afford communication between the two cylinders, there is provided a communication duct 76, a similar opening 78 at the bottom accommodating a centrally located pile 80 intended to support the apparatus in the floor 82 of the body of water 84 in which the apparatus is located.
  • the cylinders may be supported in any other manner indicated herein with the central openings 78 providing for the passage a drilling tube or other such device from the bottom of the arrangement.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 is illustrated a further embodiment of the invention wherein cylinders 90 and 92 are vertically stacked in coaxial end-to-end relationship, the bottommost cylinder 90 being supported on a bed of sand 94, there being provided piles such as those indicated at 96 and 98 extending into the floor 100 of the body of water 102 in which the apparatus is located. These piles may be externally located or may be passed through peripheral hollows, bores or openings 104 provided in the wall-106 of the cylinders.
  • connecting centrally located openings 108 and 110 provided for communication between the internal chambers 112 and 114 which are defined by the walls of the respective cylinders.
  • Atop the cylinder 92 may be provided an exchange bell 116 also fabricated of concrete in the manner indicated above and providing for the supply of personnel, apparatus and the like to the cylinders 90 and 92.
  • FIGS. -12 is illustrated still a further embodiment of the invention consisting of cylinders 120, 122 and exchange bell 124, these elements being provided with chambers 126, 128 and 130 as has been indicated hereinabove.
  • the stack of cylinders is supported on a platform 132 which in turn is supported in the floor 134 of the body of water by piles 136 and 138 and additional if required.
  • the platform and bottommost cylinder are provided with openings 150 and 152 in coaxial relationship with each other and with openings 154 and 156, a drilling tube 158 passing through these aligned openings either from the chamber 126 or from the chamber 128 as diagrammatically indicated by arrow 166.
  • conduit sections 172 extending from bell 124 through cylinders 120 and 122 to provide for communication and ventilation and the like between the same.
  • FIG. 10 Diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 10 is a communication cable 180 terminating for example in a phone box 182 by means of which communication is afforded between the surface of the water and the structure anchored to the bottom.
  • lobe-defining members 190, 192 and 194 are provided to extend and enlarge the base dimensions of the construction to provide for a more stable support on the floor bottom.
  • These lobe-defining members may have hollow chambers 196, 198 and 200 therein through which may extend, if desired, piles such as indicated at 202.
  • end members such as indicated at 204, these being provided with the necessary openings to provide for communication and the like between adjacent chambers.
  • the invention contemplates the fabrication of concrete cylinders which may be individually or in cooperation employed to constitute underwater marine stations.
  • these cylinders may be stacked in end-to-end relationship and in coaxial alignment.
  • these may be provided with independent pressure chambers with locks or other pneumatic connections being provided between the same.
  • the cylinders can be arranged interchangeably thereby readily enabling positioning at the bottom of the stack a unit having therein drilling tools, pumping tools, storage units and so forth.
  • the top cylinder can reach above the surface and may support a platform.
  • the top cylinder can be used as a communication cylinder for providing the marine station with equipment, personnel, supplies and the like.
  • peripheral hollows, bores or openings provided in the walls of the various cylinders have particular significance and constitute :a particular feature of the invention. These hollows absorb moment for asymmetrical loading, provide for ballast and trimming, communications, or pilings, foundations and coupling between cylinder units. They also provide for safety as has been discussed hereinabove.
  • a marine station for operation in a body of Water comprising at least one elongate hollow shell being at least partially submerged in said body of water, said hollow shell being water-tightly closed at one end by means of a water-tightly closed end wall section, said shell having a Wall enclosing water-tightly an internal chamber for accommodating therein personnel and equipment necessary :for the operation of the station, said shell wall including a plurality of peripherally spaced cavities extending in the axial direction of the elongate shell, at least one of said cavities being sealed for serving as a ballast tank which can be filled with water to a variable extent for controlling the buoyancy of the shell in said body of water, said shell having a total displacement exceeding the deadweight thereof, whereby the shell can be caused to float in said body of water, and means for mooring and supporting said shell relative to said body of water.
  • a marine station as claimed in claim 6, including means for disconnecting at least the uppermost one of said vertically stacked cylinders'from a cylinder located immediately therebelow, whereby said uppermost cylinder when disconnected may be brought up to the surface of said body of water and can be used for transporting personnel, equipment and supplies between the surface of the body of water and the station.
  • a marine station as claimed in claim 6, including a plurality of hollow, water-tight concrete cylinders peripherally mounted on the outer surface of the shell Wall of the lowermost one of said vertically stacked cylinders, whereby the base dimensions of said lowermost cylinder is increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
US751113A 1967-08-09 1968-08-08 Marine station and method for fabricating the same Expired - Lifetime US3537268A (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3686886A (en) * 1968-12-20 1972-08-29 Hans Christer Georgii Plant for the manufacture of floating concrete structures in a body of open water
US4056905A (en) * 1976-03-19 1977-11-08 Simonbuild Limited Pre-stressed concrete structures
US4443131A (en) * 1982-03-04 1984-04-17 Ingenior Thor Furuholmen A/S Method for constructing an offshore platform structure having a plurality of supporting legs inclined inwardly towards each other
US5201275A (en) * 1990-12-04 1993-04-13 Offshore Concrete A/S Marine construction
US5263428A (en) * 1990-12-04 1993-11-23 Offshore Concrete A/S Marine construction
US5284402A (en) * 1991-06-12 1994-02-08 Del Villar Antonio C System for the manufacture and installation of selective intake towers in reservoirs
US5927227A (en) * 1995-06-16 1999-07-27 Derby; Stanley Hollow concrete-walled structure for marine use
US6164872A (en) * 1996-09-27 2000-12-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method of production of large tank, system using such large tank and submerged tunneling method using the tank
WO2014113909A1 (zh) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Wu Zhirong 钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐、单元组罐及海上平台
US20140311058A1 (en) * 2011-12-23 2014-10-23 Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya Precast concrete floating structure for supporting a wind turbine
US9238896B2 (en) * 2012-12-19 2016-01-19 Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya Floating structure for supporting a wind turbine
US10443574B2 (en) * 2015-03-27 2019-10-15 Drace Infraestructuras, S.A. Gravity foundation for the installation of offshore wind turbines

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6070213A (ja) * 1983-09-27 1985-04-22 Kaiyo Toshi Kaihatsu Kk 海洋構造物の着底調整機構
US4662386A (en) * 1986-04-03 1987-05-05 Sofec, Inc. Subsea petroleum products storage system
NO162206C (no) * 1987-09-03 1989-11-22 Norske Stats Oljeselskap Fremgangsmaate til bygging av betongskaft for plattform eller liknende konstruksjon, samt seksjon til bruk ved samme.
WO2010141700A1 (en) * 2009-06-03 2010-12-09 Keystone Engineering, Inc. Pile splice and method of forming a pile splice
US11062821B1 (en) * 2019-06-18 2021-07-13 Facebook, Inc. Intermediate node to power submarine cable system

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR694259A (fr) * 1930-02-18 1930-12-02 Siemens Bauunion G M B H Komma Fondations au moyen de corps ou éléments foncés
US2468265A (en) * 1946-02-18 1949-04-26 Larquetoux Andre Foundation
US2687017A (en) * 1949-03-11 1954-08-24 Ben C Gerwick Inc Submarine support column
US3097493A (en) * 1963-07-16 Blankevoort
US3249664A (en) * 1961-12-21 1966-05-03 Georgii Hans Christer Method of making an elongated hollow concrete body
US3402559A (en) * 1966-09-26 1968-09-24 Nippon Concrete Ind Co Ltd Process of forming a large-diameter tubular pile foundation

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3097493A (en) * 1963-07-16 Blankevoort
FR694259A (fr) * 1930-02-18 1930-12-02 Siemens Bauunion G M B H Komma Fondations au moyen de corps ou éléments foncés
US2468265A (en) * 1946-02-18 1949-04-26 Larquetoux Andre Foundation
US2687017A (en) * 1949-03-11 1954-08-24 Ben C Gerwick Inc Submarine support column
US3249664A (en) * 1961-12-21 1966-05-03 Georgii Hans Christer Method of making an elongated hollow concrete body
US3402559A (en) * 1966-09-26 1968-09-24 Nippon Concrete Ind Co Ltd Process of forming a large-diameter tubular pile foundation

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3686886A (en) * 1968-12-20 1972-08-29 Hans Christer Georgii Plant for the manufacture of floating concrete structures in a body of open water
US4056905A (en) * 1976-03-19 1977-11-08 Simonbuild Limited Pre-stressed concrete structures
US4443131A (en) * 1982-03-04 1984-04-17 Ingenior Thor Furuholmen A/S Method for constructing an offshore platform structure having a plurality of supporting legs inclined inwardly towards each other
US5201275A (en) * 1990-12-04 1993-04-13 Offshore Concrete A/S Marine construction
US5263428A (en) * 1990-12-04 1993-11-23 Offshore Concrete A/S Marine construction
US5301625A (en) * 1990-12-04 1994-04-12 Offshore Concrete A/S Marine construction
US5284402A (en) * 1991-06-12 1994-02-08 Del Villar Antonio C System for the manufacture and installation of selective intake towers in reservoirs
US5927227A (en) * 1995-06-16 1999-07-27 Derby; Stanley Hollow concrete-walled structure for marine use
US6164872A (en) * 1996-09-27 2000-12-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method of production of large tank, system using such large tank and submerged tunneling method using the tank
US6347910B1 (en) 1996-09-27 2002-02-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Submarine power storage system
US20140311058A1 (en) * 2011-12-23 2014-10-23 Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya Precast concrete floating structure for supporting a wind turbine
US9238896B2 (en) * 2012-12-19 2016-01-19 Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya Floating structure for supporting a wind turbine
WO2014113909A1 (zh) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Wu Zhirong 钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐、单元组罐及海上平台
GB2524690A (en) * 2013-01-22 2015-09-30 Zhirong Wu Unitary barrel of steel plate and concrete composite structure, unitary group barrel, and offshore platform
CN104968583A (zh) * 2013-01-22 2015-10-07 吴植融 钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐、单元组罐及海上平台
AU2013375773B2 (en) * 2013-01-22 2016-02-04 Zhirong Wu Unitary barrel of steel plate and concrete composite structure, unitary group barrel, and offshore platform
CN104968583B (zh) * 2013-01-22 2016-12-21 吴植融 钢板和混凝土复合结构的单元罐、单元组罐及海上平台
US10041221B2 (en) 2013-01-22 2018-08-07 Zhirong Wu Steel plate and concrete composite tank unit, tank group and offshore platforms
US10443574B2 (en) * 2015-03-27 2019-10-15 Drace Infraestructuras, S.A. Gravity foundation for the installation of offshore wind turbines

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US3552132A (en) 1971-01-05
GB1239284A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-07-14
GB1234974A (en) 1971-06-09

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