US3532151A - Thin film continuous evaporating apparatus - Google Patents

Thin film continuous evaporating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3532151A
US3532151A US711107A US3532151DA US3532151A US 3532151 A US3532151 A US 3532151A US 711107 A US711107 A US 711107A US 3532151D A US3532151D A US 3532151DA US 3532151 A US3532151 A US 3532151A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
roll
liquid
rolls
thin film
casing
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US711107A
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English (en)
Inventor
Masahiko Hachiya
Kosai Hiratsuka
Hiromasa Fukumori
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
    • B01D1/222—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts
    • B01D1/228—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts horizontally placed cylindrical container or drum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface

Definitions

  • a thin film continuous evaporating apparatus having at least one substantially frustoconically multi-stepped roll disposed in a casing for rotation therein, said apparatus being operative in such a way that a liquid to be treated supplied into the casing and attached to the stepped tapered sur faces of said roll forming a thin film thereon is transferred from one step to another successively by the action of the rotating r011 while having the surface thereof renewed on every revolution of said roll as a result of being stirred and mixed with the liquid accumulated at each step.
  • An apparatus to be used for the continuous treatment of a viscous substance is required to be capable of mixing the substance uniformly, renewing the surface of the substance frequently and preventing back flow of the substance and transferring the substance successively therein.
  • the reaction can be accomplished in a short period of time by making the thickness of the film of the compound thin and constantly renewing the surface of said compound.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a thin film continuous evaporating apparatus which comprises a casing and at least one multi-stepped roll, and which is operative in such a way that a liquid to be treated, supplied into the casing, is attached to the surface of said roll to be exposed to the atmosphere in the form of a thin film of a predetermined thickness and is transferred from one step to another successively by the action of the rotating roll while forming a thin film on each surface, said thin film of the liquid on each step being stirred and mixed with the liquid accumulated at said step on every revolution of said roll.
  • the present invention is intended to promote a removal of volatile substance and thereby to increase the amount of the liquid which can be processed in a unit time, by increasing the surface area of the liquid and simultaneously by increasing the frequency of the surface renewal of said liquid.
  • FIG. I is a transverse cross-sectional plan view of an embodiment of the substantially frusto-conically multistcpped roll type thin film continuous evaporating apparatus according to this invention, which comprises two taper rolls;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on line II-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a detail enlargement ofa portion indicated by A in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional plan view of another embodiment ofthis invention which comprises one roll;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken on line V-V of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional plan view of still another embodiment of this invention which comprises two rollsconsisting ofa multistepped roll having concave roll surfaces and a multi-stepped roll having convex roll surfaces;
  • FIG. 7 is a transverse cross-sectional plan view of still another embodiment of this invention, which comprises two rolls consisting of a multi-stepped roll having concave roll sur faces and a multi stepped roll also having concave roll surfaces;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram graphically illustrating the relationship between the axial distance of the roll and the peripheral speed of the roll surfaces, in the apparatus shown in FIG. I, in which numerals I and 2 scaling the abscissa indicate the position of the end surface of each step respectively;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram graphically illustrating the relationship between the axial distance and the peripheral speed of the roll surfaces, in the apparatus shown in Fl(i. 6, in which numerals I and 2 scaling the abscissa indicate the same as in FIG. 8; and
  • FIG. I0 is a diagram graphically illustrating the relationship between the axial distance and the peripheral speed of the roll surfaces, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 7, in which numerals I and 2 scaling the abscissa indicate the same as in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 1 a pair of main working substantially frusto-conieally multi-stepped rolls'l and 2 are axially disposed in a casing 7 in such a manner that the roll surfaces of the respective rolls converge in opposite direction to each other and define a slight space therebetween.
  • a supply port 13 for a liquid to be treated At'one end of the rolls 1 and 2 is provided a supply port 13 for a liquid to be treated, while at the other end thereof is provided scraper :means 14.
  • the rolls 1 and 2 are provided at those end portions thereof which are closed to the liquid supply port 13 with back-flow preventing roll segments 3 and 4 respectively, and these segments are sharper than the other working roll segments of the respective multi-stepped rolls. These back-flow preventing roll segments 3 and 4 also define therebetween a slight space which is smaller in width than the space defined between the working roll segments of the respective rolls.
  • liquid discharging roll segments 5 and 6 are provided at the other ends of the frusto-conically multi-stepped rolls 1 and 2 respectively and the surfaces of those portions of said roller segments which are adjacent to the discharge port and scraper means 14 are parallel to each other.
  • Each of the discharging roll segments 5 and 6 is provided on that portion of the surface thereof located rearwardly of the scraper means with a reverse screw by which the liquid is prevented from flowing rearwardly of the scraper means.
  • the peripheral wall of the casing 7 is surrounded by a heating jacket 8, while end plates 10 of the casing 7 are covered by respective heating jackets 12, so that the interior of the casing is maintained at a desired temperature.
  • the end plates 10 are fixed to flanges 9, formed at the opposite ends of the casing 7, by means of bolts.
  • Reference numeral 11 designates bearings in which the axes of the respective rolls are journaled.
  • the discharge port and scraper means 14 which as described previously, is disposed adjacent the liquid discharging roll segments 5 and 6 for scraping the liquid from said rolls, is fixedly mounted on a supporting member 15.'The supporting member 15 is fixed to fittings 16 by such means as bolts, which fittings are in turn secured to the casing 7.
  • a vertically extending screw conveyor 19 Disposed below the scraper means 14 is a vertically extending screw conveyor 19 which is housed in a barrel 18 with a slight space therebetween.
  • the barrel 18 has a liquid receiving cone l7 tightly screw threaded to the top end thereof surrounding the top end of the screw conveyor 19. This liquid receiving cone 17 serves to accumulate a viscous liquid therein so that said liquid may be drawn by the screw conveyor smoothly continuously.
  • the barrel 18 is secured in position with its flange 21 fixed to a barrel supporting member 20 by means of bolts, said barrel supporting member being fixed to the casing 7.
  • the screw conveyor 19 is maintained at a predetermined temperature by a heating jacket 22 surrounding the barrel 18, so as to prevent deterioration of the liquid being conveyed thereby.
  • a discharge nozzle 23 At the lower end of the barrel 18 is provided a discharge nozzle 23. That portion of the screw conveyor 19 extending downwardly of the discharge nozzle 23 is formed with a screw the direction of which is opposite to that of the screw above said discharge nozzle to cause a reverse flow of the liquid.
  • the lower end of the screw conveyor 19 is journaled in a bearing 24 in which it is connected to a driving shaft.
  • the interior of the casing 7 is maintained at a predetermined pressure by a vacuum pump not shown which is in communication with a gas bleeding port 25 provided at the top of j the casing.
  • the heating jacket 8 and the casing 7 therefore are fixedly held in position by supporting arms 26.
  • the liquid is not subjected to any feeding action by the mutual action of said taper rolls, but if the rates of rotation of said rolls 1 and 2 are differentiated by rotating the roll 1 at a rate lower than that of the roll 2, the liquid at the portion where the distance between the surfaces of the taper rolls 1 and 2 is minimum or the minimum spacing portion of said taper rolls 1 and 2, is urged to move towards the discharge rolls 5 and 6.
  • the liquid is supplied through the liquid supply port 13 which is located above the minimum spacing portion of the first steps of the respective rolls 1 and 2 adjacent to the back flow preventing roll segments 3 and 4.
  • the velocity at which the liquid is carried into the engaging portion of the rolls 1 and 2 becomes lower towards the right and accordingly the gradient of the pressure developed by the viscosity of the liquid declines towards the right, with the consequence that the liquid is urged towards the discharge roll segments 5 and 6.
  • back-flow of the liquid from the working roll segments of the rolls 1 and 2 is completely prevented by the back-flow preventing roll segments 3 and 4 which, as described previously, are tapered sharper than said working roll segments and which are arranged with an extremely small space between the roll surfaces and an extremely short distance between the end surfaces thereof.
  • the liquid thus moved by the cooperating surfaces of the respective rolls 1 and 2 is led into a gap between the end surface of roll 1 and the confronting end surface of roll 2.
  • the gap between the confronting end surfaces of the respective steps of the rolls acts as a weir.
  • the action of the gap as a weir becomes stronger when said gap is reduced by sliding either one of the rolls in an axial direction but is mitigated when said gap is increased, providing for smooth flow of the liquid.
  • the gap is reduced, the liquid is accumulated above the nip of the rolls 1 and 2 at each step.
  • the counter-rotating rolls I and 2 serves as a sort of multi-step continuous tank, with the confronting end surfaces of said steps acting as weirs through which the liquid is forwarded by the aforementioned action of the surfaces of the rolls.
  • the processing speed of the liquid to be treated can be varied by changing the rates of rotation ofthe taper rolls I and 2. Namely, the quantity of the liquid which can be processed per unit time, can be increased by increasing the average peripheral speed of the rolls 1 and 2 and reduced by lowering said average peripheral speed.
  • the liquid on the surfaces of the rolls 1 and 2 is exposed to the predetermined pressure condition in the form of a uniform thin film during the latter half part ofa complete revolution of said respective rolls and trans ferred from one step to another while having the volatile substances removed therefrom.
  • the liquid remaining on the rolls is scraped by the scraper means 14 which is slightly spaced from the discharge roll segmenls 5 and 6. and drawn by the screw conveyor 19 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the volatile substances removed from the liquid in the casing 7 are discharged to the outside through the bleeding port 25.
  • a substantially frusto-conically multi-stepped roll 27 is axially slidably disposed in the casing 7 for rotation therein.
  • a scraper 28 is provided for each step of the taper roll in one side of the casing below said step with a slight space therebetween.
  • like numerals indicate the same parts in the embodi-.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 When a liquid is supplied into the casing 7 through the liquid supply port 13 while rotating the roll 27, the liquid is attached to the surfaces of the respective steps of said roll forming a thin film thereon and scraped by the associated scrapers 28.
  • These stationary scrapers 28 of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 function in the same manner as the roll 1 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 would function when the peripheral speed of the roll 1 is reduced to zero. More specifically, the relationship between the roller 27 and the scrapers 28 can be compared to the rela tionship between the roll 1 and the roll 2 shown in FIG.
  • the advancing speed of the liquid can be varied by changing the rate of rotation or the average peripheral speed of the roll 27.
  • FIGS. 6 and 9 Still another embodiment of the present invention which comprises two multi-step rolls, of which one has concave roll surfaces and another has convex roll surfaces, will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 9.
  • a multi-step roll 30 having concave tapered roll surfaces and a multi-step roll 31 having convex tapered roll surfaces are axially slidably disposed in the casing 7 for rotation therein, in such a manner as to form a slight space therebetween.
  • like numerals indicate the same parts as in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 7 and 10 Still another embodiment of the present invention which comprises two multi-step rolls each having concave tapered roll surfaces, will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 10.
  • two muIti-step rolls 34 and 35 each having concave roll surfaces are axially slidably disposed in the casing 7 in such a manner as to form a slight space therebetween.
  • like reference numerals indicate the same parts as in FIG. 1.
  • the liquid forms a thin film on said respective rolls and scraped at the engaging portion of said rolls.
  • the rates of rotation of the rolls 34 and 35 such that the latter is always higher than the former, the average peripheral speed at the engaging portion of the rolls 34 and 35 decreases in the converging direction of the roll surfaces of the respective rolls, drawing a concave curve as indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 10. Therefore, the reaction liquid on the surfaces of the rolls 34 and 35 is urged to move towards the discharge port 14.
  • the thickness of the thin film of the liquid on each step of the rolls 34 and 35 is largest at the central portion thereof, so that the quantity of the liquid accumulated at each step can be increased.
  • a thin film continuous evaporating apparatus comprising a casing, at least one substantially frusto-conically multistepped roll axially and slidably disposed for rotation in said casing, a liquid supply ort and a liquid discharge pon provided in said casing, drive means for rotating said roll in said casing, means associated with the surfaces of said multi stepped roll for scraping the liquid being treated and attached to said surfaces from said surfaces by sliding said roll axially to change the distance between said surfaces and said scraper means and means for transferring the scraped liquid to the succeeding step successively on every revolution of said roll.
  • a thin film continuous evaporating apparatus comprising a casing, at least one substantially frusto-conical multi-step roll axially and slidably disposed for rotation in said casing, a liquid supply port at one end and a liquid discharge port at the other end provided in said casing, drive means for rotating said roll in said casing, means for scraping a liquid to be treated attached as a film to the surfaces of each step of said roll from said surfaces and means for transferring the scraped liquid to the succeeding step successively on every revolution of said roll.
  • a thin film continuous evaporating apparatus as set forth in claim 3, which comprises a pair of multi-stepped rolls arranged side-by-side in such a manner that the roll surfaces of the respective rolls converge in opposite directions to each other and each of said rolls has a plurality of steps, each of said steps comprising a frusto-eonical surface, all frusto-cones on each roll being similarly directed but those of one roll being oppositely directed to those of the other roll.
  • a thin film continuous evaporating apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein, the surface of one of said rolls is concave and each step of the surface of the other roll is convex.
  • each of the liquid discharging segments of said pair of rolls is provided with a reversing screw thread at its end. portion to prevent the liquid from flowing rearwardly of said scraper means.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
US711107A 1967-04-05 1968-03-06 Thin film continuous evaporating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3532151A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2119367 1967-04-05

Publications (1)

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US3532151A true US3532151A (en) 1970-10-06

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US711107A Expired - Lifetime US3532151A (en) 1967-04-05 1968-03-06 Thin film continuous evaporating apparatus

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US (1) US3532151A (enExample)
BE (1) BE713122A (enExample)
CH (1) CH469499A (enExample)
FR (1) FR1565003A (enExample)
GB (1) GB1188906A (enExample)
SU (1) SU361541A3 (enExample)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993017782A1 (en) * 1992-03-04 1993-09-16 Kamyr, Inc. Varying annular fluidization zone for increased mixing efficiency in a medium consistency mixer
US5575559A (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-11-19 Goulds Pumps, Inc. Mixer for mixing multi-phase fluids
US5677415A (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for a polycondensation reaction
US5856423A (en) * 1996-12-23 1999-01-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for a polycondensation reaction

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2738938C1 (ru) * 2019-12-23 2020-12-18 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тамбовский государственный технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ТГТУ") Универсальная вакуумная экстрактно-выпарная установка

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993017782A1 (en) * 1992-03-04 1993-09-16 Kamyr, Inc. Varying annular fluidization zone for increased mixing efficiency in a medium consistency mixer
US5263774A (en) * 1992-03-04 1993-11-23 Kamyr, Inc. Rotor for increasing mixing efficiency in a medium consistency mixer
US5378321A (en) * 1992-03-04 1995-01-03 Kamyr, Inc. Varying annular fluidization zone for increased mixing efficiency in a medium consistency mixer
US5575559A (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-11-19 Goulds Pumps, Inc. Mixer for mixing multi-phase fluids
US5677415A (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for a polycondensation reaction
US5856423A (en) * 1996-12-23 1999-01-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and process for a polycondensation reaction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH469499A (de) 1969-03-15
GB1188906A (en) 1970-04-22
DE1769095B2 (de) 1972-08-03
BE713122A (enExample) 1968-08-16
SU361541A3 (enExample) 1972-12-07
DE1769095A1 (de) 1971-07-29
FR1565003A (enExample) 1969-04-25

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