US3526583A - Treatment for increasing the hydrophilicity of materials - Google Patents

Treatment for increasing the hydrophilicity of materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3526583A
US3526583A US625828A US3526583DA US3526583A US 3526583 A US3526583 A US 3526583A US 625828 A US625828 A US 625828A US 3526583D A US3526583D A US 3526583DA US 3526583 A US3526583 A US 3526583A
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Prior art keywords
treatment
hydrophilicity
gas
treated
materials
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US625828A
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English (en)
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John S Hayward
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/12—Chemical modification
    • C08J7/123—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H3/00—Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
    • H05H3/02—Molecular or atomic-beam generation, e.g. resonant beam generation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the treatment of the surface of materials, including normally hydrophobic materials, for rendering such surfaces hydrophilic in order that they may be more receptive to inks, adhesives, or other coatllIlgS.
  • Such treatment is well known, particularly in relation to polymers such as polyethylene.
  • hydrophilicity was produced by treating such surfaces with open flames, but more recently the prevalent method has been to submit the surfaces to corona discharge.
  • all presently known prior art methods are not fully satisfactory for several reasons, e.g.: heat-treating often deforms the material being treated; corona discharge often causes pinholes in the material; electrostatic charges are induced in the material, raising many problems for post-treatment handling; and unusually shaped articles, such as bottles, balls, etc. cannot be treated in a reliable manner.
  • the activated species is first passed through an ion trap to remove any charged particles and, thereafter, is delivered in a stream to the surface being treated.
  • This novel and simple treatment has not only been used successfully to render hydrophilic the surface of normally hydrophobic polymers, it has also been used to increase the hydrophilicity of paper and metal.
  • a gas such as argon, helium, hydrogen, krypton, neon, nitrogen, or xenon
  • This exciter stage is comprised of electrode 4 and a surrounding plate 5 between which a relatively high potential radio frequency field is maintained to cause a continuous discharge of electrons from the surface of electrode 4.
  • This electron activity causes a portion of the gas passing through this section of the apparatus to be excited to a higher energy level, thereby forming an activated species.
  • the gas next passes through an ion trap 6 comprising oppositely charged plates 7 and 8 which attract any charged particles which may have been formed during the electronic excitation stage.
  • the electricallyneutralized, activated species of the gas is then delivered through nozzle 9 against the surface of web material 10 which is moved past the treatment area by supply and take-up reels 11 and 12, respectively.
  • the web 10 is not subjected to any great temperature increase during treatment, and therefore web deformation is avoided. Further, since the electrical field is remote from the surface being treated, the web is not subjected to any electrical discharge, eliminating scouring or pinholing of the surface being treated. Still further, if the ion trap is used the web is not contacted by, nor does it pass in proximity to, either charged particles or electrodes, and therefore there is no buildup of undesirable charges in the web, simplifying handling and storage problems after treatment. Finally, it can readily be appreciated that unusually shaped articles of varying thicknesses and dimensions may be treated effectively by placing them in the path of the electricallyneutral stream of activated species emitted by nozzle 9.
  • Example 1 The following apparatus was assembled to demonstrate that an electrostatically neutral but chemically active species, which is generated in a number of different gases when they are passed through an electrical discharge, is capable of modifying the surface of a number of different materials causing them to become more hydrophilic.
  • the apparatus consisted of a source of pure gas, an excitation chamber, an ion trap, and a sample holder.
  • the excitation chamber consisted of a /8" OD. stainless steel electrode supported concentrically inside a A" I.D. Pyrex tube which was wrapped on the outside with aluminum foil for a length of 3".
  • a Tesla coil was connected to the stainless steel electrode thus providing an R.F. field between the electrode and the grounded aluminum foil.
  • the ion trap consisted of two 20" long stainless steel plates spaced 3A6" apart by strips of Teflon. A DC. potential was applied between the plates which was of suflicient magnitude to remove all electrically charged species from the effluent gas.
  • the sample holder provided a means of supporting the surface to be treated in a plane perpendicular to the direction of gas flow and at a specific distance from the end of the apparatus.
  • Example 2 Example 1 was repeated using helium in the system instead of nitrogen. The results were essentially the same.
  • Example 3 Example 1 was repeated using hydrogen in the system instead of nitrogen. Again the results showed an increase in hydrophilicity.
  • Example 4 Example 1 was repeated using air instead of nitrogen. In this case the treatment time had to be increased about 70 times in order to get the same level of increase in hydrophilicity.
  • Example 5 Example 1 was repeated using oxygen instead of nitrogen. The results here were about the same as for air.
  • Example 6 Example 1 was repeated but in this case the sample treated was a piece of stainless steel having a polished surface. After a treatment time of 30 seconds the surface was shown to be more hydrophilic.
  • Example 7 Example 1 was repeated using a variety of sample materials including polyesters, cellulose acetate, and paper. All of the materials tested showed their surfaces to be more hydrophilic after treatment. However, the treatment time required for a given change varied considerably among the different samples.
  • a method for increasing surface hydrophilicity of a normally hydrophobic polymeric material comprising the steps of exciting a gas selected from the group consisting of argon, helium, hydrogen, krypton, neon, xenon, nitro gen, and mixtures thereof with a source of radio frequency radiation, to form activated species thereof, removing substantially all charged particles formed during excitation, and directing said activated species substantially free of charged ions, into contact with the surface of said material to be treated at a location remote from the source of radiation.
  • step of removing substantially all charged particles includes: passing said activated species through an ion trap prior to directing said stream onto the surface to be treated.
  • An apparatus for treating the surface of a normally hydrophobic polymeric material with an excited gas species to render the surface more hydrophilic comprising a housing having an entrance capable of receiving an excitable gas, radio frequency generation means within the housing near said entrance and adapted to electronically excite the gas received through the entrance to form an active species thereof, the housing provided with an exit through which the excited gas species passes, means for supporting said material in the path of said excited gas species and wherein said housing is further provided with at least two oppositely charged plates between which a gas stream can flow, such plates being located inside said housing between said radio frequency generation means and the exit of said housing and thereby forming an ion trap for removing charged particles from the activated gas species can be directed against a surface to be treated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US625828A 1967-03-24 1967-03-24 Treatment for increasing the hydrophilicity of materials Expired - Lifetime US3526583A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62582867A 1967-03-24 1967-03-24

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US3526583A true US3526583A (en) 1970-09-01

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US625828A Expired - Lifetime US3526583A (en) 1967-03-24 1967-03-24 Treatment for increasing the hydrophilicity of materials

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US (1) US3526583A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE712679A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH483322A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1767025C3 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1565681A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1215234A (en:Method)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3661735A (en) * 1969-10-14 1972-05-09 Johnson & Johnson Shaped articles having improved surface properties and corona discharge methods and apparatus for making the same
US3853657A (en) * 1972-02-14 1974-12-10 Monsanto Co Bonding of poly(ethylene terephthalate) induced by low-temperature plasmas
USB313029I5 (en:Method) * 1970-10-13 1975-01-28
US3870610A (en) * 1972-03-09 1975-03-11 Grace W R & Co Cold plasma treatment of materials
US3959105A (en) * 1972-12-27 1976-05-25 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Process for the production of hydrophilic surfaces on silicon elastomer articles
US4056456A (en) * 1973-11-22 1977-11-01 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Process for preparing novel thin films
US4077889A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-03-07 John Stewart Rhoades Arc discharge apparatus
US4294702A (en) * 1976-06-03 1981-10-13 Gesellschaft Zur Wiederaufarbeitung Von Kernbrennstoffen Mbh Apparatus for the controllable removal of one or more phases from a liquid-liquid extractor
US4445991A (en) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-01 Mobil Oil Corporation Enhanced wettability of organic surfaces
US4478873A (en) * 1983-05-23 1984-10-23 American Optical Corporation Method imparting anti-static, anti-reflective properties to ophthalmic lenses
US4508606A (en) * 1983-02-27 1985-04-02 Andrade Joseph D Process for treating polymer surfaces to reduce their friction resistance characteristics when in contact with non-polar liquid, and resulting products
US4536415A (en) * 1983-02-04 1985-08-20 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing an optically readable information disc
US4632527A (en) * 1983-06-03 1986-12-30 American Optical Corporation Anti-static ophthalmic lenses
US5158718A (en) * 1990-08-02 1992-10-27 Pilkington Visioncare, Inc. Contact lens casting
US5314539A (en) * 1990-05-10 1994-05-24 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for plasma treatment of continuous material
US5935339A (en) * 1995-12-14 1999-08-10 Iowa State University Decontamination device and method thereof
US20030157000A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2003-08-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fluidized bed activated by excimer plasma and materials produced therefrom
US6648860B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-11-18 Liebel-Flarsheim Company Contrast delivery syringe with internal hydrophilic surface treatment for the prevention of bubble adhesion
US20050008919A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2005-01-13 Extrand Charles W. Lyophilic fuel cell component
US20100012477A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2010-01-21 Postech Academy-Industry Foundation Modification of carbon fibers by means of electromagnetic wave irradiation
US7973277B2 (en) 2008-05-27 2011-07-05 1St Detect Corporation Driving a mass spectrometer ion trap or mass filter
US8334506B2 (en) 2007-12-10 2012-12-18 1St Detect Corporation End cap voltage control of ion traps
WO2018102573A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York System and method for solar vapor evaporation and condensation

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3705482A1 (de) * 1987-02-20 1988-09-01 Hoechst Ag Verfahren und anordnung zur oberflaechenvorbehandlung von kunststoff mittels einer elektrischen koronaentladung
EP2559806A1 (en) 2011-08-17 2013-02-20 Center of Excellence Polymer Materials and Technologies (Polimat) Method for increasing the hydrophilicity of polymeric materials

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3294583A (en) * 1962-06-14 1966-12-27 Sprague Electric Co Process of coating a silicon semiconductor with indium using an ion beam
US3309299A (en) * 1963-08-22 1967-03-14 Aerochem Res Lab Method of treating synthetic resinous material to increase the wettability thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3294583A (en) * 1962-06-14 1966-12-27 Sprague Electric Co Process of coating a silicon semiconductor with indium using an ion beam
US3309299A (en) * 1963-08-22 1967-03-14 Aerochem Res Lab Method of treating synthetic resinous material to increase the wettability thereof

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3661735A (en) * 1969-10-14 1972-05-09 Johnson & Johnson Shaped articles having improved surface properties and corona discharge methods and apparatus for making the same
USB313029I5 (en:Method) * 1970-10-13 1975-01-28
US4072769A (en) * 1970-10-13 1978-02-07 Eastman Kodak Company Treating polymeric surfaces
US3853657A (en) * 1972-02-14 1974-12-10 Monsanto Co Bonding of poly(ethylene terephthalate) induced by low-temperature plasmas
US3870610A (en) * 1972-03-09 1975-03-11 Grace W R & Co Cold plasma treatment of materials
US3959105A (en) * 1972-12-27 1976-05-25 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Process for the production of hydrophilic surfaces on silicon elastomer articles
US4056456A (en) * 1973-11-22 1977-11-01 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Process for preparing novel thin films
US4077889A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-03-07 John Stewart Rhoades Arc discharge apparatus
US4077888A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-03-07 John Stewart Rhoades Arc discharge apparatus
US4294702A (en) * 1976-06-03 1981-10-13 Gesellschaft Zur Wiederaufarbeitung Von Kernbrennstoffen Mbh Apparatus for the controllable removal of one or more phases from a liquid-liquid extractor
US4445991A (en) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-01 Mobil Oil Corporation Enhanced wettability of organic surfaces
US4536415A (en) * 1983-02-04 1985-08-20 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing an optically readable information disc
US4508606A (en) * 1983-02-27 1985-04-02 Andrade Joseph D Process for treating polymer surfaces to reduce their friction resistance characteristics when in contact with non-polar liquid, and resulting products
US4478873A (en) * 1983-05-23 1984-10-23 American Optical Corporation Method imparting anti-static, anti-reflective properties to ophthalmic lenses
US4632527A (en) * 1983-06-03 1986-12-30 American Optical Corporation Anti-static ophthalmic lenses
US5314539A (en) * 1990-05-10 1994-05-24 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for plasma treatment of continuous material
US5158718A (en) * 1990-08-02 1992-10-27 Pilkington Visioncare, Inc. Contact lens casting
US5935339A (en) * 1995-12-14 1999-08-10 Iowa State University Decontamination device and method thereof
US6648860B2 (en) 2001-07-13 2003-11-18 Liebel-Flarsheim Company Contrast delivery syringe with internal hydrophilic surface treatment for the prevention of bubble adhesion
US20030157000A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2003-08-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fluidized bed activated by excimer plasma and materials produced therefrom
US20050008919A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2005-01-13 Extrand Charles W. Lyophilic fuel cell component
US20100012477A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2010-01-21 Postech Academy-Industry Foundation Modification of carbon fibers by means of electromagnetic wave irradiation
US8334506B2 (en) 2007-12-10 2012-12-18 1St Detect Corporation End cap voltage control of ion traps
US8704168B2 (en) 2007-12-10 2014-04-22 1St Detect Corporation End cap voltage control of ion traps
US7973277B2 (en) 2008-05-27 2011-07-05 1St Detect Corporation Driving a mass spectrometer ion trap or mass filter
WO2018102573A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York System and method for solar vapor evaporation and condensation
US11447400B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2022-09-20 The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York System and method for solar vapor evaporation and condensation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1767025B2 (de) 1974-07-11
DE1767025A1 (de) 1972-03-16
BE712679A (en:Method) 1968-07-31
GB1215234A (en) 1970-12-09
CH483322A (fr) 1969-12-31
FR1565681A (en:Method) 1969-05-02
DE1767025C3 (de) 1975-03-13

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