US3526241A - Oxygen-air diluter for breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Oxygen-air diluter for breathing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3526241A
US3526241A US685657A US3526241DA US3526241A US 3526241 A US3526241 A US 3526241A US 685657 A US685657 A US 685657A US 3526241D A US3526241D A US 3526241DA US 3526241 A US3526241 A US 3526241A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
oxygen
air
flow
chamber
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US685657A
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English (en)
Inventor
Herbert F Veit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sabre Industries Inc
Original Assignee
Robertshaw Controls Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robertshaw Controls Co filed Critical Robertshaw Controls Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3526241A publication Critical patent/US3526241A/en
Assigned to LIFE SUPPORT PRODUCTS, INC., reassignment LIFE SUPPORT PRODUCTS, INC., ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ROBERTSHAW CONTROLS COMPANY, 1701 BYRD AVE., RICHMOND, VA. A CORP. OF DEL.
Assigned to SABRE INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP OF CA reassignment SABRE INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP OF CA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: LIFE SUPPORT PRODUCTS, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/12—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/02—Valves
    • A62B9/022—Breathing demand regulators
    • A62B9/027—Breathing demand regulators pilot operated, i.e. controlled by valve means sensitive to a reduced downstream pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/1842—Ambient condition change responsive
    • Y10T137/1939—Atmospheric
    • Y10T137/2012—Pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/2564—Plural inflows
    • Y10T137/2572—One inflow supplements another
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7762—Fluid pressure type
    • Y10T137/7764—Choked or throttled pressure type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7838—Plural
    • Y10T137/7839—Dividing and recombining in a single flow path
    • Y10T137/784—Integral resilient member forms plural valves

Definitions

  • Field of the Invention The present invention relates to breathing apparatus and in particular, to an oxygen-air diluter of the demand type utilized in high altitude and space flights.
  • an object of the present invention to control the flow of oxygen in an oxygen-air diluter for breathing apparatus by a single valve member as a function of the demand from the breathing apparatus.
  • the present invention has another object in that a venturi throat is utilized to increase the efficiency of the system.
  • breathing apparatus in a oxygen-air diluter including a casing having an oxygen inlet adapted for connection to an oxygen source, an air inlet adapted for comunication with the atmosphere, an air flow chamber communicating with the air inlet, and an outlet adapted for connection to the breathing apparatus, oxygen regulating means movable between regulating positions in response to demand at the outlet, a venturi throat disposed between said air flow chamber and the outlet, variable nozzle means disposed to deliver a flow of oxygen with a jet velocity into the venturi throat whereby a flow of oxygen is induced thereinto, and the variable nozzle means including a movable valvemember operatively connected to the oxygen regulating means whereby the valve member controls both inlet oxygen flow and oxygen flow to the venturi throat.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section of a breathing control device embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section similar to FIG. I but with the control elements shown in an open position
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective of a detail of FIG. 1.
  • the present invention is embodied in a breathing control device in the form ofa casing, indicated generally at 10, having an inlet 12 adapted to be connected to a source of oxygen (not shown) and an outlet I4 adapted to be connected to a breathing device (not shown) such as a helmet or face mask.
  • the inlet 12 communicates with an oxygen inlet chamber 16, one end of which is defined by conical valve seat 18 aligned with the flared inlet portion 20 of a venturi throat portion 22 leading to the outlet 14.
  • a conica'lly shaped valve member 24 cooperates with the valve seat 18 and has a valve stem attached to a flexible diaphragm 26 closing the opposite end of inlet chamber 16.
  • An aperture 28 in the diaphragm 26 establishes communication between the inlet chamber 16 and a bleed chamber 30 having a pilot orifice 32 which is controlled by a flapper valve 34 pivotally mounted intermediate its ends to a wall of a suction chamber 36.
  • An actuating button 38 for the flapper valve 34 is reciprocably mounted in a guide bushing 40 centrally located in the suction chamber 36 by means of an apertured baffle or dampening plate 42.
  • the actuating button 38 is fixed to the center of a flexible diaphragm 44 which defines a movable wall of the suction chamber 36.
  • the chamber 36 is a demand sensing chamber and has a demand sensing port 45 establishing communication between the casing outlet 14 and the chamber 36.
  • the upper side of the diaphragm 44 defines the movable wall of an atmospheric chamber 46 which houses an aneroid bellows 47.
  • a movable end of the bellows 47 abuts the center of diaphragm 44 on the side opposite the actuating button 38; the opposite end of bellows 47 is centrally fixed to an adjusting screw 48.
  • the adjusting screw 48 is threaded through the end wall of casing 10 that defines the atmospheric chamber 46 and an aperture 49 through such end wall establishes communication between the chamber 46 and the atmosphere.
  • the aneroid bellows 47 changes the reference of the oxygen regulator to predetermined parameters; increasing altitudes cause the bellows 47 to expand and contract the diaphragm 44, applying a force that increases the regulated pressures above the ambient pressures in proportion to altitude; decreasing altitudes cause the aneroid bellows 47 to contract with resultant lower regulated pressures.
  • the mixture chamber 20 communicates with an air flow chamber 50 having an aneroid bellows 52 fixedly attached at one end to an adjustment screw 54 that is adjustably threaded into a wall of the air flow chamber 50.
  • the opposite end of bellows 52 has a flat surface to limit the movement of a valve disc 56 which is centrally attached to a spider plate 58.
  • the valve disc 56 and spider plate 58 are mounted as a unit with the spider plate being press fitted into the edge of a cupshaped housing 60 and with the periphery of the valve disc 56 engaging an annular lip flange 62 on the housing 60.
  • the valve disc 56 defines a one-way check valve and is made of suitable flexible material so that its periphery is movable between the flange 62 and the flat end surface of the bellows 52.
  • a plurality of slots 64 spaced around the cylindrical wall of the housing 60 permit a flow of air into the housing and are controlled by a manually movable closure cap 66.
  • the closure cap 66 is slidably attached to the housing 60 by means of a central stud 68 extending through an aligned opening in the housing and having a flattened end to limit axial outward movement of the closure cap 66.
  • the flow of oxygen is controlled by demand and thus varied with inhalation and exhalation at the face mask of the user.
  • the flow of oxygen is zero at the start of inhalation, rises to a controlled maximum during inhalation, then decreases to zero and remains zero during exhalation.
  • FIG. 1 represents the relative positions of the control elements when there is no demand for oxygen and with the air inlet control manually closed.
  • the air inlet control valve (elements 5268) may be manually closed so that percent oxygen would be supplied
  • the usual arrangement is to manually open the air inlet ports 64 by axial outward move: ment of the closure cap 66; then the amount of air entering the system is a function of atmospheric pressure or altitude because the bellows 52 automatically controls the air inlet valve 56.
  • the pressure on the exterior of the bellows 52 is lessened so that the bellows 52 expands and maintains the air inlet valve 56 completely closed.
  • the aneroid bellows 52 expands to prevent any air flow into the system.
  • Manual opening of the closure cap 66 places the device in condition to function as an oxygen diluter system wherein the correct ratio of oxygen and air is automatically proportioned for breathing purposes.
  • the diluter demand regulator thus conserves oxygen, permitting either longer duration aircraft and space flights or minimizing the oxygen supply that must be carried on flights of normal duration. Accordingly, when the demand for oxygen occurs as by inhalation at the face mask, there is a decrease in pressure under the diaphragm 42 causing it to flex downward in proportion to the suction applied as sensed through the sensing port 45. As is illustrated in FIG.
  • the suction created at the outlet 14 by inhalation at the face mask is also reflected in the air flow chamber 50 causing the air inlet valve disc 56 to flex to an open position against the bellows 52.
  • Air is now permitted to flow through the ports 64 and past the valve disc 56 into the air flow chamber, whence it is mixed with the oxygen in the mixture chamber 20.
  • the oxygen is diluted with the air when the oxygen flow from the valve seat 18 creates a lowering of the static pressure in the venturi throat 22 to a level less than the ambient pressure.
  • the ambient air, seeking a lower pressure level flows from the air chamber 50 whence it is induced into the jet stream of the oxygen flow entering the throat inlet 20.
  • the total energy level of the oxygen consists of the sum of the static pressure energy and the kinetic energy.
  • a low static pressure energy is assured by maintaining a high kinetic energy level at all flow condition of the oxygen.
  • High oxygen inlet pressure and a low regulated pressure assure sonic velocity at the nozzle throat 22 with each inhalation at the face mask. Because the kinetic energy varies directly with the square of the velocity, i.e., K .E. V /2g, it is apparent that sonic flow of oxygen creates an optimum condition for assuring a minimum static pressure at the venturi throat 22. This provides a maximum differential pressure between the ambient air and the static pressure for maximum air intake.
  • valve seat 18 and valve member 24 defining a variable nozzle control being in alignment with the throat inlet 20, the jet velocity of the oxygen flow entrains air from the air chamber 50 for delivery to the venturi throat 22 whereby the oxygen-air mixture itself is subject to venturi action of the venturi throat 22. Since the valve seat 18 is located adjacent the venturi inlet 20, the main valve 24 provides a maximum kinetic energy level for direct dilution of oxygen with air at that flow point where there is a minimum static pressure, i.e., in the venturi throat 22. Accordingly, there is no need for supplementary dynamic flow devices as would be required in conventional systems.
  • An oxygen-air diluter for breathing apparatus comprismg:
  • a casing having an oxygen inlet adapted for connection to an oxygen source
  • oxygen regulating means in said casing movable between regulating positions in response to demand at said outlet;
  • venturi throat disposed between said air flow chamber and said outlet
  • variable nozzle means including a fixed valve seat and a movable valve member axially disposed to deliver a flow of oxygen with a jet velocity into said venturi throat whereby a flow of air is induced thereinto;
  • said movable valve member being operatively connected to said oxygen regulating means whereby said movable valve member controls both inlet oxygen flow and oxygen flow to said venturi throat;
  • air control valve means in said air flow chamber including a flexible valve disc movable between opened and closed positions in accordance with the jet velocity of the oxygen flow into said venturi throat and an aneroid bellows adjustably carried by said casing to define the opening limits of said valve disc in response to atmospheric pressure.
  • said oxygen regulating means includes a differential pressure diaphragm operatively connected to said movable valve member for imparting movement thereto and having a bleed port through a portion of said diaphragm whereby both sides thereof are subject to oxygen inlet pressure.
  • said oxygen regulating means includes bleed valve means and a diaphragm operator therefor whereby one side of said differential pressure diaphragm may be at a lower pressure than the oxygen inlet pressure
  • said bleed valve means comprises a pivoted flapper valve having one end engageable by said diaphragm operator.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
US685657A 1967-11-24 1967-11-24 Oxygen-air diluter for breathing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3526241A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US68565767A 1967-11-24 1967-11-24

Publications (1)

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US3526241A true US3526241A (en) 1970-09-01

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US685657A Expired - Lifetime US3526241A (en) 1967-11-24 1967-11-24 Oxygen-air diluter for breathing apparatus

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US (1) US3526241A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1594837A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1248412A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683958A (en) * 1970-11-30 1972-08-15 Sperry Rand Corp Power transmission
US3782402A (en) * 1972-10-24 1974-01-01 Bendix Corp Servo controlled oxygen regulator
US3805823A (en) * 1972-05-23 1974-04-23 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Pressure regulators
US3952773A (en) * 1974-01-29 1976-04-27 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Breathing gas supply controller
US4089342A (en) * 1974-08-09 1978-05-16 Giuseppe Stradella Dispensing device for respiration apparatus having one or more floating valves operating according to an improved system with pivots free from mechanical connections
US4332268A (en) * 1979-01-16 1982-06-01 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Atmospheric pressure compensation device
US4436090A (en) 1979-01-22 1984-03-13 Darling Phillip H Piston actuated, pilot valve operated breathing regulator
DE3741729A1 (de) * 1986-12-09 1988-06-23 Waite & Co Pty Ltd Verfahren und geraet zur konzentrationsverminderung von gasen, insbesondere sauerstoff
US4944249A (en) * 1988-07-12 1990-07-31 Orion Machinery Co., Ltd. Vacuum-pressure supply device
US5010844A (en) * 1988-07-12 1991-04-30 Orion Machinery Co., Ltd. Vacuum-pressure supply device
US5372129A (en) * 1992-06-23 1994-12-13 Ryder; Steven L. Oxygen dilution device for maintaining an essentially constant proportion of primary gas in a diluent gas
WO1997033651A1 (en) 1996-03-15 1997-09-18 Garraffa Dean R Improved breathing regulator apparatus having automatic flow control
ES2277474A1 (es) * 2003-03-06 2007-07-01 Intersurgical Limited Dispositivo de venturi mejorado.
ES2277475A1 (es) * 2003-03-06 2007-07-01 Intersurgical Limited Dispositivo de venturi mejorado.
US20070227541A1 (en) * 2003-11-07 2007-10-04 Erik Van den Akker Hyperoxic breathing system
US20090293878A1 (en) * 2004-12-04 2009-12-03 Andrew Richard Thomas Tatarek Medical breathing apparatus
CN103182142A (zh) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-03 北京谊安医疗系统股份有限公司 混氧阀
CN104208794A (zh) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-17 北京谊安医疗系统股份有限公司 混氧阀和具有该混氧阀的呼吸机
WO2023039132A1 (en) * 2021-09-13 2023-03-16 Avox Systems Inc. Oxygen control system with improved pressure regulator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2174782B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-03-10 1975-03-21 Lafourcade Jean Michel

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683958A (en) * 1970-11-30 1972-08-15 Sperry Rand Corp Power transmission
US3805823A (en) * 1972-05-23 1974-04-23 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Pressure regulators
US3782402A (en) * 1972-10-24 1974-01-01 Bendix Corp Servo controlled oxygen regulator
US3952773A (en) * 1974-01-29 1976-04-27 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Breathing gas supply controller
US4089342A (en) * 1974-08-09 1978-05-16 Giuseppe Stradella Dispensing device for respiration apparatus having one or more floating valves operating according to an improved system with pivots free from mechanical connections
US4332268A (en) * 1979-01-16 1982-06-01 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Atmospheric pressure compensation device
US4436090A (en) 1979-01-22 1984-03-13 Darling Phillip H Piston actuated, pilot valve operated breathing regulator
DE3741729A1 (de) * 1986-12-09 1988-06-23 Waite & Co Pty Ltd Verfahren und geraet zur konzentrationsverminderung von gasen, insbesondere sauerstoff
GB2200167A (en) * 1986-12-09 1988-07-27 Waite & Co Pty Ltd Oxygen dilution apparatus
US4848333A (en) * 1986-12-09 1989-07-18 Waite & Co. Pty. Limited Oxygen dilution apparatus
GB2200167B (en) * 1986-12-09 1991-06-05 Waite & Co Pty Ltd Oxygen dilution apparatus
DE3741729C2 (de) * 1986-12-09 1998-12-03 Waite & Co Pty Ltd Gas-Verdünnungsgerät
US4944249A (en) * 1988-07-12 1990-07-31 Orion Machinery Co., Ltd. Vacuum-pressure supply device
US5010844A (en) * 1988-07-12 1991-04-30 Orion Machinery Co., Ltd. Vacuum-pressure supply device
US5372129A (en) * 1992-06-23 1994-12-13 Ryder; Steven L. Oxygen dilution device for maintaining an essentially constant proportion of primary gas in a diluent gas
WO1997033651A1 (en) 1996-03-15 1997-09-18 Garraffa Dean R Improved breathing regulator apparatus having automatic flow control
US5678541A (en) * 1996-03-15 1997-10-21 Garraffa; Dean R. Breathing regulator apparatus having automatic flow control
ES2277474A1 (es) * 2003-03-06 2007-07-01 Intersurgical Limited Dispositivo de venturi mejorado.
ES2277475A1 (es) * 2003-03-06 2007-07-01 Intersurgical Limited Dispositivo de venturi mejorado.
ES2277475B2 (es) * 2003-03-06 2008-06-16 Intersurgical Ag. Dispositivo de venturi mejorado.
ES2277474B2 (es) * 2003-03-06 2008-11-16 Intersurgical Ag. Dispositivo de venturi mejorado.
US20070227541A1 (en) * 2003-11-07 2007-10-04 Erik Van den Akker Hyperoxic breathing system
US20090293878A1 (en) * 2004-12-04 2009-12-03 Andrew Richard Thomas Tatarek Medical breathing apparatus
US8448643B2 (en) * 2004-12-04 2013-05-28 Concept 2 Manufacture Design Ltd Medical breathing apparatus
CN103182142A (zh) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-03 北京谊安医疗系统股份有限公司 混氧阀
CN103182142B (zh) * 2011-12-30 2016-04-20 北京谊安医疗系统股份有限公司 混氧阀
CN104208794A (zh) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-17 北京谊安医疗系统股份有限公司 混氧阀和具有该混氧阀的呼吸机
CN104208794B (zh) * 2013-05-31 2019-02-05 北京谊安医疗系统股份有限公司 混氧阀和具有该混氧阀的呼吸机
WO2023039132A1 (en) * 2021-09-13 2023-03-16 Avox Systems Inc. Oxygen control system with improved pressure regulator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1248412A (en) 1971-10-06
FR1594837A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-08

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: LIFE SUPPORT PRODUCTS, INC.,, CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ROBERTSHAW CONTROLS COMPANY, 1701 BYRD AVE., RICHMOND, VA. A CORP. OF DEL.;REEL/FRAME:004086/0511

Effective date: 19820930

Owner name: LIFE SUPPORT PRODUCTS, INC.,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ROBERTSHAW CONTROLS COMPANY, 1701 BYRD AVE., RICHMOND, VA. A CORP. OF DEL.;REEL/FRAME:004086/0511

Effective date: 19820930

AS Assignment

Owner name: SABRE INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP OF CA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:LIFE SUPPORT PRODUCTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004296/0493

Effective date: 19840806