US3521871A - Lance for blowing gases into contact with molten metal - Google Patents

Lance for blowing gases into contact with molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3521871A
US3521871A US605918A US3521871DA US3521871A US 3521871 A US3521871 A US 3521871A US 605918 A US605918 A US 605918A US 3521871D A US3521871D A US 3521871DA US 3521871 A US3521871 A US 3521871A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
lance
discharge nozzle
tubular
molten metal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US605918A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Wurzbach
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Der Eisenhuttentechnik Mbh Gesell zur Forderung
FORDERUNG DER EISENHUTTENTECHN
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FORDERUNG DER EISENHUTTENTECHN
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
    • C21C5/462—Means for handling, e.g. adjusting, changing, coupling

Definitions

  • the lance has an inner constriction reducing the area through which gas issues and spaced inwardly from an extremity of the discharge nozzle at the end of the lance where the discharge nozzle is located, the lance having in its interior a gasguiding means in the form of a body shiftable along the interior of the lance, spaced from the constriction, and formed at its exterior with helical grooves through which the gas flows to the nozzle so that the gas will spin substantially about the axis of the lance as it issues through the discharge nozzle, thus providing a substantially bellshaped stream of gas flowing from the discharge nozzle beyond the latter to the molten metal.
  • a particular object of my invention is to provide a lance which will produce a gas stream of predetermined configuration and moreover which will be capable of adjusting the configuration of the issuing gas stream.
  • the bell-shaped stream of my invention if situated at the same distance from the surface of the molten metal as a conventional substantially conical stream, will engage the surface of the molten metal not in a limited area hardly greater than a spot but rather over a much larger region of the surface of the molten metal across which the stream of gas is spread because of its bell-shaped configuration.
  • a substantially conically shaped stream directs the gas along paths which are inclined at an angle other than a right angle with respect to the molten metal, whereas, in contrast, with the bell-shaped gas stream of my invention all of the "ice gas flows substantially perpendicularly to the surface of the molten metal when engaging the latter.
  • the lance structure of my invention makes use of a gas-guiding means which includes in the interior of the lance in the region of its discharge nozzle a body formed at its exterior with helical grooves which provide for the stream of gas a spinning action so that as a result the spinning gas stream has imparted to it a centrifugal force which immediately subsequent to movement of the stream beyond the lance provides a radial enlarging and spreading out of the gas stream and in addition achieves a rotary movement of the molten metal where the stream engages the latter.
  • this bell-shaped configuration is achieved by providing at the discharge nozzle of the lance an inner constriction which reduces the area through which the gas flows out of the discharge nozzle of the lance, and furthermore the gas-guiding means is situated within the lance at a given distance from the constriction. It has been found that the constriction of my invention influences the individual stream elements in such a way that the desired bell-shaped configuration is achieved.
  • the constriction of the lance of my invention takes the form of an inner annular bead situated directly at the outlet of the discharge nozzle.
  • this construction creates the problem of protecting the bead from the influence of heat since the bead is located at that part of the lance where the thermal stress is at a maximum, so that the bead would be subjected to very rapid deterioration.
  • a further object of my invention includes providing a lance structure which will protect the bead from the high thermal stresses, and this latter object is achieved in accordance with my invention by displacing the bead inwardly from the extremity of the discharge nozzle which is situated at the discharge end of the lance so that the bead is situated inwardly from and spaced from the extremity of the discharge nozzle of the lance.
  • This latter location of the head of my invention does not undesirably influence the manner in which the gaseous stream flows and in fact improves the flow characteristics since the discharge nozzle flares outwardly from the bead toward its extremity in a substantially conical manner.
  • the gas-guiding body of the lance of my invention not only with exterior helicallyshaped grooves for the gas but also with a central axial bore which passes through the gas-guiding body so that one part of the stream of gas issues from the lance without having its direction of flow changed. Without in any way detracting from the desired flow characteristics achieved with the helically-shaped passages for the gas, there is produced with the axial bore of the gas-guiding body a reduction in the resistance to flow of the gas through the lance.
  • the gaseous stream will be distributed in a predetermined manner on the one hand for flow through the axial bore of the gas-guiding means and on the other hand for flow through the helical passages thereof.
  • the adaptation to the operation requirements can of course be brought about by changing either the entire lance or the gas-guiding means thereof.
  • a construction is provided which is capable of directing a gas independently to the axial bore, as by providing a separate conduit means which communicates only with the axial bore of the gas-guiding 3 means, so that in this case through suitable throttling devices more or less gas can be directed through the axial bore.
  • Yet another object of my invention is to provide a construction which makes it possible to change the configuration of the bell-shaped gas stream issuing from the lance without dismantling or exchanging the lance and even during the operations during treatment of a charge.
  • the configuration of the bell-shaped stream, and in particular its diameter is a function of the distance from that end face of the gas-guiding body which is directed toward the constriction and the latter constriction or bead, the bell-shaped stream spreading out to a greater extent the greater the distance between the gas-guiding means and the constriction.
  • the structure of my invention including a shifting means capable of axially shifting the gas-guiding means, particularly in a manner which renders this adjustment possible during treatment of a charge somewhat in such a way that initially the gas stream is directed in a concentrated manner on a sharply localized spot on the surface of the molten metal while during the further operations the concentration of the stream is reduced and the spreading thereof is increased.
  • the structure of my invention provides the possibility of carrying out adjustment of the stream during converter operations, adapting the operations to the different flow relationships which are required as a result of wearing away of the Wall of the converter resulting with the same amount of molten metal in different depths thereof.
  • the lance of my invention includes an elongated hollow tubular means having inner and outer tubular walls spaced from each other and including between these walls a tubular partition which defines an elongated tubular space with the inner wall and an elongated tubular space with the outer wall, this partition terminating in the region of the discharge nozzle in an end which is spaced from an annular end wall of the tubular means which interconnects the inner and outer walls thereof and which is situated at the extremity of the discharge nozzle.
  • the cooling medium flows axially along the inner space between the tubular partition and inner wall toward the discharge nozzle where the cooling medium flows around the end of the tubular partition and then back along the outer tubular space which is between the tubular partition and the outer wall of the tubular means.
  • my invention includes an inner coating of chromium carried at the inner surface of the tubular means at the discharge nozzle thereof where the inner wall of the tubular means is contacted by the cooling medium.
  • the chromium coating increases the extent to which the inner surface of the nozzle head can be contacted by liquids such as the molten metal.
  • the structure of my invention provides for the flow of the cooling medium in the interior of the tubular means a cross-sectional path of flow which continuously diminishes in the direction of flow of the cooling medium in the region of the discharge nozzle, so that the speed with which the cooling medium flows increases at this region and the cooling action is enhanced.
  • the lance is particularly stressed thermally in the immediately surrounding area of the discharge nozzle thereof.
  • a simple reversal in the direction of flow of the stream of cooling water at this location changes the laminar flow characteristics of the cooling liquid into a disorderly type of flow with the further result that the turbulence created at this region provides in the cooling water portions which do not participate in the continuous flow thereof through the interior of the lance and instead provide portions of the cooling medium which linger and remain in the region of the discharge nozzle to finally vaporize in the interior of the tubular means.
  • a further feature of my invention provides at the place where the direction of flow of the cooling medium is reversed a continuous reduction in the cross section of the area of flow.
  • Lances of the above type are not only thermally stressed to a great extent at their discharge nozzles as a result of the high temperature in the space immediately surrounding the discharge nozzle, but also they are highly stressed at this region because they are subjected to spattering and splashing of the molten metal. As a result the lance is subjected to mechanical stresses, especially if in addition to the oxygen or other gas solid particles are blown with the gas onto the molten metal. In many cases even a properly cooled lance is not equal to these thermal and mechanical stresses.
  • one of the features of my invention resides in providing at least two layers, namely an inner layer consisting of a metal of high melting point and an outer layer consisting of an oxide of a metal of high melting point,
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary schematic, partly sectional side elevation of the entire assembly
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of one possible embodiment of a lance according to my invention at the region of the discharge nozzle thereof;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional plan view of the structure of FIG.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively illustrate different positions of the gas-guiding means with the different stream configurations resulting from these different positions
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified schematic illustration of the structure of FIG. 1 as seen in the direction of the direction of the arrow VI of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 shows the parts of FIG. 6 in a different position
  • FIG. 8 shows on a smaller scale than FIG. 2 a fragmentary longitudinal section of another embodiment of a lance of my invention in the region of the discharge nozzle thereof;
  • FIG. 1 The structure which is illustrated in FIG. 1 corresponds in general to the conventional structure.
  • the tubular means 1 of the lance of my invention is fixed at its outer wall to an arm 2 which is rigidly fixed with the frame 3.
  • the structure includes a turnable arm 4 which carries a flexible tube or hose 5.
  • the arms 4 are supported for turning movement on a shaft 7 which is carried by a suitable supporting beam 6.
  • the hose 5 is not directly connected to the tubular means 1, but instead has a flange connection with an inner tube 8 which is longitudinally shiftable within the tubular means 1.
  • a seal is provided, and this seal can have the form of a stuffing box and appears in FIG. 1 in the form of a pair of flanges 9.
  • the inner tube 8 can be vertically displaced by a pair of hydraulic cylinder-and-piston drives carriedby the frame 3 and including the cylinders 10 which coact with the pistons 11.
  • the pistons 11, in the manner shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, have pivotal connections 14 with the ends of a pair of cross members 12 which are in turn provided with pivotal connection 13 to the inner tube 8.
  • the inner surface of the inner tubular wall is provided at the discharge nozzle of the lance with a coating of chromium which is not illustrated.
  • the cooling liquid which flows down the space 17 and up the space 18 is cooled by the oxygen which flows through the interior of the lance, and in this way the cooling liquid in the space 17 is maintained at a low temperature.
  • the oxygen which is supplied to the lance passes through the gas-guiding means 20 along a pair of different paths, namely without having its direction changed while flowing through the central bore 21 and on the other hand with a change in direction as a result of flowing through the helicallyshaped passages 22.
  • the stream which is achieved by way of the flow of the oxygen through the helical grooves 22 thus spins around the axis of the lance.
  • the discharge nozzle is provided with an inner constriction in the form of a bead 23, and this bead is of particular significance for achieving the desired configuration of the stream of gas which issues from the lance.
  • the gas stream which issues from the nozzle of FIG. 2 has the configuration of a bell, as indicated in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the bell-shaped gas stream will be spread out to a greater extent, the greater the distance of the gas-guiding means 20 from the extremity 19, as may be seen from a comparison of FIG. 5 with FIG. 4.
  • the gas-guiding means 20 is displaced from the position of FIG. 5 to the position of FIG. 4, the spreading of the gas stream will be reduced and a more concentrated stream will be achieved, as is apparent from FIG. 4.
  • the metallurgical ladvantages of the bell-shaped stream and the advantages to be achieved by adjusting the breadth of this stream have already been discussed above.
  • the drive means 10, 11 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 makes it possible not only to change the axial position of the gas-guiding means 20 at every instant during treatment of one charge or during changeover from one charge to another, but in addition it makes it possible to give to the gas-guiding means a reciprocating motion back and forth during the blowing operations, and in fact with an amplitude and frequency which can be changed within wide limits.
  • movement with reciprocation at a frequency range of approximately 1 Hz. is particularly suitable in order to provide the metallurgical process with a favorable influence.
  • the helically-shaped passages 22 together with the bead 23 result in the formation of the bell-shaped stream which issues from the lance.
  • the best results are achieved with the variation shown in FIG. 8 where the central axial bore 21 and the helical passages 22 are separately provided with gas.
  • an additional conduit 24 is connected to and communicates with the central axial bore 21, extending down to the latter, through the inner tube 8 from the top toward the bottom thereof, so that it becomes possible through separate feed conduits and throttling or shut-off devices to selectively supply only the helical passages 22 with gas or in addition the central bore 21 in any quantitatively selected manner.
  • the head 23 is displaced inwardly from the extremity 19 of the discharge nozzle.
  • This construction is suitable also from the standpoint of cooling.
  • a bead situated directly at the extremity 19 would be exposed to a maximum extent to the heat of the molten metal, and thus deprived to a large extent of the influence of the cooling medium.
  • the discharge nozzle is provided at its outlet and at the area surrounding its outlet with a protective coating.
  • This protective coating is illustrated generally at 27 in FIG. 2 and extends from the upper edge 28 of the bead 23 down to the extremity 19 and upwardly along the outer surface of the outer wall of the tubular means to the location 29.
  • the construction of the coating 27 is shown at a highly enlarged scale in section in FIG. 9.
  • This coating consists in the illustrated example of seven individual layers which are situated on the tubular wall 30 which is made of copper, for example.
  • the innermost layer 31 of nickelchromium alloy is followed by a thin layer 32 of molybdenum, and on the latter layer there is a layer 33 of zirconium oxide.
  • the layer is surrounded and engaged by a further layer 34 of molybdenum which forms the carrier for a second layer 35 of zirconium oxide.
  • a third layer 37 of molybdenum Between the latter layer of zirconium oxide and the outer layer 36 which also consists of zirconium oxide, there is a third layer 37 of molybdenum.
  • the outermost zirconium oxide layer 36 is substantially thicker than the remaining two layers of this material.
  • a lance particularly adapted for use with converters for directing a gas into contact with molten metal comprising elongated tubular means terminating at one end in a discharge nozzle and having at said discharge nozzle an inner constriction reducing the area of the discharge nozzle through which a gas may issue, elongated gasguiding means situated in said tubular means and including a body formed at its exterior with helical grooves through which a gas flows toward said discharge nozzle, said gas-guiding means guiding gas toward said discharge nozzle to issue therethrough and having directed toward said construction an end face which is spaced therefrom, said gas-guiding means being axially shiftable within said tubular means, and shifting means operatively connected with said gas-guiding means for axially shiftin the latter back and forth within said tubular means during operation thereof.
  • tubu lar means has an end face at an extremity of said discharge nozzle thereof and said constriction being in the form of an annular bead displaced inwardly from and thus spaced from said extremity of said nozzle.
  • a lance for directing a gas into contact With a molten metal comprising elongated tubular means terminating at one end in a discharge nozzle and having at said discharge nozzle an inner constriction reducing the area of the discharge nozzle through which a gas may issue, elongated gas-guiding means situated in said tubular means andincluding a body formed at its exterior with helical grooves through which a gas flows toward said discharge nozzle, said gas-guiding means guiding gas toward said discharge nozzle to issue therethrough and having directed toward said constriction and end face which is spaced therefrom, said gas-guiding means being axially shiftable within said tubular means, and shifting means operatively connected with said gas-guiding means for axially shifting the latter back and forth within said tubular means, said tubular.
  • a lance for directing a gas into contact with a molten metal comprising elongated tubular means terminating at one end inadischarge nozzle and having at said discharge nozzle an inner constriction reducing the area of the discharge nozzle through which a gas may issue, elongated gas-guiding means situated in said tubular means and including a body formed at its exterior with helical grooves through which a gasflows toward said discharge nozzle, said gas-guiding means guiding gas toward said discharge nozzle to issue therethrough and having directed toward said constriction an end face which is spaced therefrom, said gas-guiding means being axially shiftable within said tubular means, and shifting means operatively connected with said gas-guiding means for axially shifting the latter back and forth within said tubular means,'said body of said gas-guiding means being formed with an axial bore passing therethrough.
  • a .lance for directing a gas into contact with a molten metal comprising elongated tubular means terminating at one end in a discharge nozzle and having at said discharge nozzle an inner constriction reducing the area of the discharge nozzle through which a gas may issue, elongated gas-guiding means situated in said tubular means and including a body formed at its exterior with helical grooves through which a gas flows toward said discharge nozzle, said gas-guiding means guiding gas toward said discharge nozzle to issue therethrough and having directed toward said constriction an end face which is spaced therefrom said gas-guiding means being axially shiftable within said tubular means, and shifting means operatively connected with said gas-guiding means for axially shifting the latter back and forth within said tubular means, said tubular means including an outer tubular wall, an inner tubular wall spaced from and surroundedby said outer tubular Wall, and an end wall situated at said discharge nozzle and interconnecting said inner and outer tubular walls of said tubular means, the latter further including
  • a lance for directing a gas into contact with a molten metal comprising elongated tubular means terminating at one end in a discharge nozzle and having at said discharge nozzle an inner constriction reducing the area of the discharge nozzle through which a gas may issue, elongated gas-guiding means situated in said tubular means and including a body formed at its exterior with helical grooves through which a gas flows toward said discharge nozzle, said gas-guiding means guiding gas toward said discharge nozzle to issue therethrough and having directed toward said constriction an end face which is spaced therefrom, said gas-guiding means being axially shiftable within said tubular means, and shifting means operatively connected with said gas-guiding means for axially shifting the latter back and forth within said tubular means, said tubular means including an outer tubular wall, an inner tubular wall spaced from and surrounded by said outer tubular wall, and an annular end wall interconnecting said inner and outer tubular walls and situated at said discharge nozzle, said tubular means further including an inner tubular partition
  • a lance for directing a gas into contact with a molten metal comprising elongated tubular means terminating at one end in a discharge nozzle and having at said discharge nozzle an inner constriction reducing the area of the discharge nozzle through which a gas may issue, elongated gas-guiding means situated in said tubular means and including a body formed at its exterior with helical grooves through which a gas flows toward said discharge nozzle, said gas-guiding means guiding gas toward said discharge nozzle to issue therethrough and having directed toward said constriction an end face which is spaced therefrom, said gas-guiding means being axially shiftable within said tubular means, and shifting means operatively connected with said gas-guiding means for axially shifting the latter back and forth within said tubular means, said tubular means including an elongated hollow tubular member provided at its inner surface with a coating of chromium.
  • tubular means has in the region of said nozzle an outer coating which is resistant to conditions encountered in a converter.
  • a lance for directing a gas into contact with a molten metal comprising elongated tubular means terminating at one end in a discharge nozzle and having at said discharge nozzle an inner constriction reducing the area of the discharge nozzle through which a gas may issue, elongated gas-guiding means situated in said tubular means and including a body formed at its exterior with helical grooves through which a gas flows toward said discharge nozzle, said gas-guiding means guiding gas toward said discharge nozzle to issue therethrough and having directed toward said constriction an end face which is spaced therefrom, said gas-guiding means being axially shiftable within said tubular means, and shifting means operatively connected with said gas-guiding means for axially shifting the latter back and forth Within said tubular means, said tubular means having in the region of said nozzle an outer coating which is resistant to conditions encountered in a converter, said coating including at least two layers one of which is an inner layer consisting of metal of high melting point and the other of which is an outer layer consisting of an oxide of

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US605918A 1965-12-30 1966-12-29 Lance for blowing gases into contact with molten metal Expired - Lifetime US3521871A (en)

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DEG0045602 1965-12-30

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US (1) US3521871A (fr)
BE (1) BE691726A (fr)
DE (1) DE1458865B1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1506018A (fr)
GB (1) GB1154177A (fr)
LU (1) LU52672A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL6617872A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779534A (en) * 1969-07-08 1973-12-18 Creusot Loire Device for cooling a tuyere of a refining converter
WO2012091576A1 (fr) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-05 EUROPEAN SILICON spόłka z o.o. Four à résistance à l'arc électrique

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPQ535500A0 (en) * 2000-01-31 2000-02-17 Technological Resources Pty Limited Apparatus for injecting gas into a vessel

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1146394A (en) * 1913-06-11 1915-07-13 William N Best Mechanical atomizer.
AT81700B (de) * 1913-06-09 1920-11-10 Harold Edgar Yarrow Har Yarrow Brenner für flüssigen Brennstoff. Brenner für flüssigen Brennstoff.
FR808111A (fr) * 1936-07-15 1937-01-29 Phillips & Pain Ets Jet pulvérisateur
US2829960A (en) * 1954-01-18 1958-04-08 Henry J Kaiser Company Method and metallurgical device for the refining of steel
US3045997A (en) * 1959-03-02 1962-07-24 Armco Steel Corp Porous oxygen lance
US3241825A (en) * 1961-07-21 1966-03-22 Bot Brassert Oxygen Technik Ag Blowing device
US3292662A (en) * 1963-02-04 1966-12-20 Nishi Sunao Lance pipe for the injected oxygen in steel making
US3321139A (en) * 1963-11-25 1967-05-23 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Apparatus for treating molten metals
US3379428A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-04-23 Koppers Co Inc Lance apparatus for treating molten metals

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT174388B (de) * 1951-12-07 1953-03-25 Voest Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von mit Schlacke bedeckten Metallschmelzen durch Aufblasen von Gasen

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT81700B (de) * 1913-06-09 1920-11-10 Harold Edgar Yarrow Har Yarrow Brenner für flüssigen Brennstoff. Brenner für flüssigen Brennstoff.
US1146394A (en) * 1913-06-11 1915-07-13 William N Best Mechanical atomizer.
FR808111A (fr) * 1936-07-15 1937-01-29 Phillips & Pain Ets Jet pulvérisateur
US2829960A (en) * 1954-01-18 1958-04-08 Henry J Kaiser Company Method and metallurgical device for the refining of steel
US3045997A (en) * 1959-03-02 1962-07-24 Armco Steel Corp Porous oxygen lance
US3241825A (en) * 1961-07-21 1966-03-22 Bot Brassert Oxygen Technik Ag Blowing device
US3292662A (en) * 1963-02-04 1966-12-20 Nishi Sunao Lance pipe for the injected oxygen in steel making
US3321139A (en) * 1963-11-25 1967-05-23 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Apparatus for treating molten metals
US3379428A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-04-23 Koppers Co Inc Lance apparatus for treating molten metals

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779534A (en) * 1969-07-08 1973-12-18 Creusot Loire Device for cooling a tuyere of a refining converter
WO2012091576A1 (fr) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-05 EUROPEAN SILICON spόłka z o.o. Four à résistance à l'arc électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1506018A (fr) 1967-12-15
LU52672A1 (fr) 1967-02-22
DE1458865B1 (de) 1970-06-04
GB1154177A (en) 1969-06-04
NL6617872A (fr) 1967-07-03
BE691726A (fr) 1967-05-29

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