US3518081A - Image formation and development - Google Patents

Image formation and development Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3518081A
US3518081A US345433A US3518081DA US3518081A US 3518081 A US3518081 A US 3518081A US 345433 A US345433 A US 345433A US 3518081D A US3518081D A US 3518081DA US 3518081 A US3518081 A US 3518081A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
image
areas
charging
imaging surface
imaging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US345433A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John T Bickmore
William L Goffe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3518081A publication Critical patent/US3518081A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/22—Processes involving a combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/022—Layers for surface-deformation imaging, e.g. frost imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/026—Layers in which during the irradiation a chemical reaction occurs whereby electrically conductive patterns are formed in the layers, e.g. for chemixerography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/001—Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography, electrography, magnetography, etc. Process, composition, or product
    • Y10S430/102—Electrically charging radiation-conductive surface

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to electrostatography "and moreparticularly to a new method for the reproduction of' images based on the imagewise modification of the-triboelectric charging capability of a surface.
  • Electrostatography encompasses the entire field of forming and utilizing latent electrostatic charge patterns to record and reproduce images in visible form.
  • the field of electrostatography was pioneered by Chester F. Carlson when he disclosed in US. Pat. 2,297,691 the basic technique of one major sector of the electrostatographic field referred to as xerography.
  • xerography In the most commonly practiced form of xerography, a photoconductive insulating layer is first given a uniform electrostatic charge over its entire surface and is thenexposed to an image of activating electromagnetic radiation such as light which selectively dissipat'es the charge in illuminated areas of the photoconductive insulator, while charges in the non- -il1uminated areas are retained, thus forming a latent electrostatic imaige.
  • This latent image may then be developed or made' visible by the deposition of finely divided colored electroscopic marking particles on the surface of the' photoconductive insulating layer, as a result of which-the markiiig' particles adhere to the surface of the photoconductive insulating layer only in areas of retained charge.
  • This developed image may then be utilized, in a number of diverse ways. For example, the imagefimay be viewed in sitii on the photoconductive insulator, fixed 'in placeon its surface or transferred to a second surface "suchas'a sheet of paper 'and'fixed thereon as desired, depending upon whether the' photoconductive insulating layer is reusable the process or not.
  • Electrography 3 as it is "generally known' today l rriay be'divided into two broad 'sectors which are, xeroa 12 Claims sidered”distinct'fromthexerographic'branch in that it 3,518,081 Patented June 30, 187i) ice stemming from thephrase Transfer of Electrostatic Images) the electrostatic charge.v patterns conforming to the desired reproduction are formed on a uniform insulating layer by means of an electrical discharge between two or more electrodes on opposite sides of the insulating medium. By controlling the shapes, combinationsand numbers of electrodes employed, charge patterns of almost any shape may be formed on the insulating material. In both xeroprinting and TESI recording, image development is by the same techniques employed in xerography.
  • electrostatographic systems employ the lines of force from the electric field of a latent electrostatic image to control the deposition of the colored finely dlivided marking particles known as toner, thus forming a visible image corresponding to the charge pattern.
  • a new method of forming a latent electrostatic image and an improved electrostatographic process in which reproduction is formed by the imagewise modification of the triboelectric charging capability of an insulating surface followed by triboelectric charging of the modified surface to produce a charge pattern corresponding to the image, and optionally development of the charge pattern with finely divided colored electroscopic particles and alternatively fixing the particles on the surface of the insulating member or transferring the particles to another copy surface and fixing thereon.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow sheet of the process steps of the invention.
  • FIG. L2 is a side-sectional view of an apparatus employing one of the process embodiments of the present invention.
  • the first step of the process consists of modifying the surface of the layer upon which the image is to beforrned in imagewise configuration so that areas of this surface which correspond to the image to be reproduced differ significantly in their triboelectric charging capabilities from the remainder of this surface.
  • many materials may be charged by triboelectrification, that is to say, by rubbing them together with another material.
  • Various materials have been arranged into a sequence knownas the triboelectric series which-is so arranged that any one of the materials is positively electrified or charged by rubbing it with any other material below it in the sequence.
  • any material in the triboelectric series may such electrification is governedlby the distance between the material positions in the triboelectric series, that is to say, the greater the distance they are advertoved'from one another in the series,' the greater the mutual electrification or charging and the closertogether they are in' the series, the less the mutual electrification o'r' charging.
  • present invention thus contemplates modifying allthe imageareas' or all the non-image areas of a surface upon which the image is to be formed so as to change the'posi- -tion of these modified areas in the triboelectric series with respect tothe remainder of the imaging surface.
  • This sway, .whenihejmagingsurface is. rubbervw-ith amaterial a range -0f-visible alightthey generally still remain -most which is distant in the triboelectric series from either the image or non-image areas, from this surface a differential charge pattern" or latent electrostatic image is. formed von hi aains sgrfac'el v I if T is latent electrostatic image .rnay then be used ina number.
  • the triboelectric charging susceptibility of the imaging surface is itself, modified by employing a polymerizable material as the image forming material and polymerizing or crosslinking the material in image configuration by photographic exposure where the material is .photopolymerizable or by imagewise selective heating where the monomer can be polymerized (or a polymeric material can be crosslinked) by heating.
  • This technique achieves the desired results because the polymer or crosslinked polymer has a different triboelectric charging susceptibility than the monomer or non-crosslinked poly- .rner from which it is formed and the more highly polymerized the material is, the greater is this difference in triboelectric charging susceptibility.
  • this :type generally; range, in, size from ab microns with average particle sizes from,abou
  • the contaminant may eithefibe inert to, or reactive with the imaging surface.
  • the contaminant may 'evea'tea catalyst or oxidizing agent for 'examplewhich serves to increase. the/molecular weight of the surface it contacts as.by-ordinaryiaddition or condensation polymerization of thepsurfac e orby oxy gen bridging polymerization of unsaturated molecules (this latter mechanism isbelieved to bethe .one respon sible for the hardening 'of the drying oils).
  • the surfaceyistribo electrically charged by uniformfrictional c onta et with a charging member. This charging may be accomplished by rubbing with glass,-rubber,-fur, metals, wool, other fabric or any other material selected according-dons;position in the triboelectric series with. respect ,to the position in that series of image and. non-image ,areasoffl-the image forming layer so as to effect the desired chargingpattern.
  • Friction charging can also be acliieyedby the-,flow, of a liquid or gas past thestlrfaceto,belcharged,,-In addition to rubbing the surface to. becharged. witht one' ofthe materials listed above, charging maybe accomplished by cascading small beads of the material over-the.,surfac e to be charged.
  • This technique may employ. coated carrier beads of the type described in U.S. Pat. 2, 6-18,55'1 to Walkup, and depending upon the material employed for the surface coating of the heads, a positive or negative image may be formed.
  • beads are referred to, as type A where the position of their coatings in the.triboelectric series is suchthat they will charge most materialswhich they rub against negatively and as type B where theywill charge these materials positively.
  • Typical ,type A -bea ds are described in detail in Examples 4-7 of U.S;.Pa,t. 2,618,551 and typical type B beads are described in Examples 1-3 of that patent.
  • Image and non-image areas of the imaging surface may be on opposite sides of the charging material in the triboelectric series so that the charging material charges one positively and the ,other'negatively, or, in the alternative both types of areasrnay-be on one side of the charging material in the triboelectric series but separated from each other so that, for, example, the
  • charging material may render image areasmqrepositive than non-image areas or more negative than non-image areas.
  • image areas can becharged to6 00..vol,ts,positive while non-image areas are chargedto; 300yoltspositive by the triboelectric charging of thefrictioneharging material.
  • graphy may be employed to develop the latent electrostatic: image formed by the method described above.
  • the develbring nr ess...('as.distingu hedtromt e evelop material or toner itself) may be accomplished using any one of a number of, Well .known xerographic developing techniques such as brush development as described in U.S.
  • 2,618,552 and 2, 638,416 utilizesatwo element developing mixture including the finely divided toner particles and grossly larger carriergbeads of the same type as the coated beads described above for frictionally charging the imaging surface.
  • These carrier beads serve bothto maintain the fine toner particles deagglomerated and to charge them by virtue; of the relativerpositionof the toner and carrier materials in'thetriboelectric series and the constant rubbing together of these materials as the developing mixture-is conveyed through the developing system. Since the carrier. beads and toner particles tend to charge each other. ,to opposite polarity the carrier .beads collect the toner particles on their surfaces and carry them through the developing apparatus.
  • toner particle image is'not transferred to an' adhesive surface, it is gen wally-perma ently attached to either the surfac :npon which it was originally formed or the 's urface to which it"ist'ransferred-by fixing;
  • This fixing may beaccomplished by: heating the toner particles to"'fuse them to their substrate when 'they are thermoplastic in nature or by s ulr them'iwitli an adhesive material.
  • the image-" may "be fre'ad out' by a sfca'iining device capable of sensi g'the charge lever in sequential image areas or ;it
  • plastic'deformai tion imaging is described in more detail in U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 193,277, filed May 8, 1962, now Pat. No. 3,196,011. I The process of the invention was carried out inanumber of experiments as described in the following examples: In all examples the same toner which is described in detail in U.S. Pat. 3,079,342 to. Insalacowas used both for a positively and a negatively charged developing material, only different types of carrier beads were used,
  • EXAMPLE I A 1.5 mil biaxially oriented (1,4-bis methyl cyclohexarie polyterephthalate) and available from the Eastman Kodak Cc'un'p'anyof Rochester, New York under the traden'ame of .”Ko dai" was laid down on a support ,a'nda persons finger was brought into contact with the surface of .thelfilr'll j bl ali ently leaving behinda surface]lcontamination'of'body oils in the form-of a finger print.
  • Thefilm was then friction charged by icascading'a number 'of type I B coated carrier beads across the surface of the Kodar and was developed wi'thpositively charged developer-according to the cascade development technique as described above; This developed the areas of the-Kodar to which body oils had been'trans ferred'while'the 'use of negatively charged developer produced development in background L I z AM EIL. 4 r r.
  • KPR Keratinsky Resist availa'ble'fromdh e Eastman Kodak Company of Rochester, New-York
  • KPR may be describedchemic'ally as the cinnamate esters ofp'oly' vinyl alcohol and of celluloser'zThis "polymer contains unsaturated side groups which may be caused to cro'ss link upon exposure to form very large insoluble molecules and may be further sensitized by the presence of anthrones and their derivatives, polynuclear quinacridone derivatives and.
  • ketones such as;Michlersketoneas more .u y d s d: n las-11 70 285; $61 2 6 and 2 6 2 -i 1; 1 M a k t a The KPR fi m.
  • EXAMPLE III A thin layer of KPR was coated on the surface of a supporting substrate and exposed in the same manner as described in Example II, except that unexposed surface areas of the KPR were not etched away with an organic solvent but instead the complete KPR surface including both exposed, crosslinked areas of the KPR and nonexposed areas were friction charged with type B coated charging beads which made unexposed areas more positive than exposed areas.
  • Application of a negatively charged cascade developing material developed unexposed KPR areas.
  • EXAMPLE IV A 1.5 mil Kodar film was laid over a printed page from a book and then exposed to a strobe light flash through the Kodar of sufficient intensity to cause the more volatile components of the ink to volatilize and evaporate across to the Kodar surface in the configuration of the printed copy. This coated Kodar was then friction charged with coated charging beads and developed with a cascade developing material as described in Example I with the same results.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a copying apparatus embodying the concept of this invention in which the imaging surface 11 is fed up from a supply roll 12 around idle rollers 13 and 14 to a take-up roll 16, in the meantime passing the process stations of the apparatus.
  • the imaging surface 11 consists of a substrate layer coated with a thin coating of KPR as described above.
  • the imaging surface begins its movemeut through its path of travel in the apparatus, it passes a projector 17 which projects a light image of the original to be reproduced on the imaging surface with light which is rich in ultraviolet.
  • This projector may either employ a flash exposure with light of sufiicient intensity to crosslink exposed portions of the KPR layer on the imaging surface 11 as it moves past the projector or in the alternative, a weaker light source may be employed providing that the imaging surface is stopped opposite the projector at intervals to allow for a longer exposure.
  • a triboelectric charging roller 18 which serves to charge the imaging surface producing a differential charge pattern on it as described above in connection with the examples.
  • This charging roller preferably rotates in a direction such that its periphery moves opposite the direction of movement of the imaging surface and at a speed sufficient to impart a significant charge to the imaging surface.
  • the direction of rotation is not critical so long as the roller 18 may have a surface coating of any of the materials described above such as viscose rayon, nylon, wool or the like. This frictional rubbing serves to form a differential charge pattern on exposed and unexposedareas of the KPR layer as described in Example HI above.
  • the cascade unit includes an outer container or cover 21 with a trough at its bottorn containing a supply ofthe two component developing material 22.
  • Thisdeveloping material is picked up from thebottom of the trough and dumped or cascaded over the surface of the imaging web 11 by a number of buckets 23 on an endless driven conveyor belt 24 which rotates about two pulleys 26.
  • the cascade development technique is more fully described in U. S;j Pat 2,618,552 and utilizes amixture including finely" divided, colored toner particles, and grossly larger carrier beadsvvith'a surface coa'ting'of the type described above in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the carrier beads serve both to maintain the fine toner particles deagglomerated and to charge them when the materials are tumbled together in the developing system by virtue of the relative positions of the toner and carrier materials in the triboelectric series.
  • the carrier beads and toner particles acquire charge of opposite polarity, the toner particles tend to cling to the carrier beads after triboelectric charging has taken place.
  • the carrier beadcoating material By changing either the coating on the carrier beads or the material from which the toner particles are fabricated so that the toner particles are moved from below, the carrier beadcoating material to above this material in the triboelectric series, the polarity of charge imparted. to the tonerparticles by this frictional charging may be reversed so that the positive toner particles may be employed to develop a negatively charged image on the imaging surface 11 or negatively charged toner particles may be employed to develop a positively charged image.
  • the toner particles may be charged to the same polarity as the polarity of the image on the imaging surface 11 so that the toner particles will be repelled by these charged areas and will be deposited only upon uncharged areas thereby producing a photographic reversal image.
  • the charged image areas pull toner particles off the earner beads when the carrier bead-toner particles developing mixture is cascaded over this surface.
  • the carrier beads along with any toner particles not used in developingthe image then fall back into the bottom trough of container 21 and the developed image continues around in itspath until it comes opposite a fixing unit 27 which serves to fuse or permanently fix the toner image to the imaging surface.
  • thermoplastic materials which may be heat fused to the imaging surface 11; however, other techniques known in the art may be utilized including the subjection of the toner image to a solvent vapor or the spraying of the toner image with an adhesive overcoating.
  • the method of forming a visible image comprising exposing an imaging sheet having at least a surface layer of an ultraviolet light photopolymerizable material to an imagewise exposure with ultraviolet light of sufficient intensity to cause polymerization of at least the surface of said photopolymerizable material, bringing said imagewise polymerized surface into frictional contact wlth a materal remote in the triboelectric series from at least one of the polymerized and the unpolymerized portions of said imaging sheet so that a differential charge pattern is set up between image and non-image areas on said sheet and developing said charge surface by depositing finely divided, colored, electroscopic marking particles thereon.
  • said photopolymerizable material includes the cinnamate esters of polyvinyl alcohol and of cellulose.
  • T he method of forming a latent electrostatic image on an imaging layer comprisingincreasing the molecular weight of atleast a surface of-said layer by subjecting it to, a polymerizing influencein imagewise configuration thereby modifying the triboelectric charging susceptibility of said surfacein imagewise configurationand bringing said surface into frictional contact with a ma terial remote ;-in the triboelectricv series from atleast one of the. modified and the unmodified portions of said surfaceso that (a differential charge pattern is*set.up between image and non-image areas on said surface. t .6.
  • a method offorming a latent electrostatic image on an imaging layer comprising coating asurface of said layer with a contaminant comprising a material selected from the group consisting of an oil based ink and human body oils in imagewise configuration thereby modifying the triboelectric charging susceptibility of said surface in imagewise configuration and bringing said surface into frictional contact with a material remote in the triboelectric series from at least one of the modified and unmodified portitons of said surface so that a differential charge pattern is set up between image and non-image areas of said surface.
  • a contaminant comprising a material selected from the group consisting of an oil based ink and human body oils in imagewise configuration thereby modifying the triboelectric charging susceptibility of said surface in imagewise configuration and bringing said surface into frictional contact with a material remote in the triboelectric series from at least one of the modified and unmodified portitons of said surface so that a differential charge pattern is set up between image and non-image areas of said surface.
  • the method of reproducing a page of copy formed with an oil based ink comprising placing said page of copy in face to face relationship with an imaging surface, heating at least the inked portions of said page of copy until at least a portion transfers across to, said imaging surface in imagewise configuration by volatilization and condensation of at least one of the ink components which is capable of modifying the triboelectric charging susceptibility of said imageing surface, separating said imaging surface from said page of copy, bringin said imaging surface into frictional contact with a material remote in the triboelectric series from at least the ink coated portion of said imaging surface or the noncoated portion of said imaging surface so that a differential charge pattern is set up between image and nonimage areas on said imaging surface and developing said surface by depositing finely divided, colored, electroscopic marking particles thereon.
  • the method of reproducing a page of copy formed with an oil based ink comprising placing said'page of copy in face to face relationship with a smooth surfaced impervious master sheet, heating said page of copy and said master sheet until at least a portion of the ink from said page of copy volatilizes and recondenses on said master sheet in imagewise configuration, separating said master sheet and said page of copy, placing said master sheet in face to face relationship with an imaging surface, heating said master sheet and said imaging surface until at least a portion of the ink on said master surface volatilizes and recondenses on said imaging surface in imagewise configuration, separating said master sheet from said imaging surface, bringing said imaging surface into frictional contact with a material remote in the triboelectric series from at least one of the ink coated and the uncoated portions of said imaging surface so that a differential charge pattern is set up between image and non-image areas on said imaging surface and developing said surface by depositing finely divided, colored, electroscopic marking particles thereon.
  • ink comprising placin said copy-sheet inface 'to face relation Witha -smo'oth surfaced-master sheet; applying sufiicient pressure'to'said sheets so that at least a portion of the ink is transferred to said master, separating said masterfrom said sheet ofcopy, bringing said master into face to face contact with an imaging surface, applying sufficient pressure to said master and said imaging surface so that at least a portion of said ink transferred to said master is retransferred to said imaging surface in imagewise configuration, separating said imaging surface from said master, bringing said imaging surface into frictional contactwith a material remote in the triboelectric series from at least one of the ink coated and' the non-coated portionsaof said imaging surface so that a differential charge pattern is set up between image and non-image 12 a'reas"on;said imaging Lsurfaceanii developing said surfabe' by depositing' finely Tdivided, colored; elect

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
US345433A 1964-02-17 1964-02-17 Image formation and development Expired - Lifetime US3518081A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US34543364A 1964-02-17 1964-02-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3518081A true US3518081A (en) 1970-06-30

Family

ID=23355029

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US345433A Expired - Lifetime US3518081A (en) 1964-02-17 1964-02-17 Image formation and development

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3518081A (de)
DE (1) DE1497195A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1085573A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3669859A (en) * 1969-08-29 1972-06-13 Eastman Kodak Co Process and compositions for protecting images with resin films
US3779748A (en) * 1971-08-11 1973-12-18 Eastman Kodak Co Method of protecting images
US3804660A (en) * 1970-08-17 1974-04-16 Commw Of Australia Dielectric recording on insulator surfaces
US3909258A (en) * 1972-03-15 1975-09-30 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Electrographic development process
FR2325088A1 (fr) * 1975-09-16 1977-04-15 Agfa Gevaert Procede de developpement et fixage d'images de toner

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2154313C3 (de) * 1971-11-02 1981-07-02 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Elektrostatographisches Aufzeichnungsverfahren
EP0243934A3 (de) * 1986-05-01 1990-04-18 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Elektrophotographisches Drucken mit einer Druckplatte auf der Basis von Photopolymeren
US4859551A (en) * 1987-11-04 1989-08-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing positive and negative images using photohardenable electrostatic master
US4818660A (en) * 1987-11-04 1989-04-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Photohardenable electrostatic master having improved backtransfer and charge decay
EP0424576A1 (de) * 1989-10-23 1991-05-02 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Trockendruckverfahren, bei dem eine Umkehrentwicklung verwendet wird

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US2811510A (en) * 1955-09-15 1957-10-29 Eastman Kodak Co Light-sensitive polymeric stilbazoles and quaternary salts thereof
US2990280A (en) * 1958-10-24 1961-06-27 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3038799A (en) * 1958-01-13 1962-06-12 Commw Of Australia Method of reversing the image in xerography
US3041168A (en) * 1959-09-18 1962-06-26 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3128198A (en) * 1961-06-21 1964-04-07 Eastman Kodak Co Thermoxerography
US3203801A (en) * 1962-04-09 1965-08-31 Du Pont Photopolymerizable composition and element
US3234017A (en) * 1959-11-05 1966-02-08 Agfa Ag Process for the production of developed electrophotographic images including application of a breakdown potential to discrete small areas of a photoconductor
US3318698A (en) * 1963-05-03 1967-05-09 Xerox Corp Xeroprinting reproduction

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US2811510A (en) * 1955-09-15 1957-10-29 Eastman Kodak Co Light-sensitive polymeric stilbazoles and quaternary salts thereof
US3038799A (en) * 1958-01-13 1962-06-12 Commw Of Australia Method of reversing the image in xerography
US2990280A (en) * 1958-10-24 1961-06-27 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3041168A (en) * 1959-09-18 1962-06-26 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3234017A (en) * 1959-11-05 1966-02-08 Agfa Ag Process for the production of developed electrophotographic images including application of a breakdown potential to discrete small areas of a photoconductor
US3128198A (en) * 1961-06-21 1964-04-07 Eastman Kodak Co Thermoxerography
US3203801A (en) * 1962-04-09 1965-08-31 Du Pont Photopolymerizable composition and element
US3318698A (en) * 1963-05-03 1967-05-09 Xerox Corp Xeroprinting reproduction

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3669859A (en) * 1969-08-29 1972-06-13 Eastman Kodak Co Process and compositions for protecting images with resin films
US3804660A (en) * 1970-08-17 1974-04-16 Commw Of Australia Dielectric recording on insulator surfaces
US3779748A (en) * 1971-08-11 1973-12-18 Eastman Kodak Co Method of protecting images
US3909258A (en) * 1972-03-15 1975-09-30 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Electrographic development process
FR2325088A1 (fr) * 1975-09-16 1977-04-15 Agfa Gevaert Procede de developpement et fixage d'images de toner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1085573A (en) 1967-10-04
DE1497195A1 (de) 1969-04-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2895847A (en) Electric image development
US3203394A (en) Xerographic development apparatus
US3656990A (en) Electrosolography
US3697170A (en) Automatic duplexing apparatus
US5202206A (en) Process for simultaneous printing of fixed data and variable data
US3124457A (en) Charge
US4883731A (en) Imaging system
US3518081A (en) Image formation and development
US3816115A (en) Method for forming a plurality of electrostatic latent images on an electrophotographic plate
US3311490A (en) Developing electrostatic charge image with a liquid developer of two immiscible phases
US3132963A (en) Xerothermography
US3227549A (en) Multiple image forming xerographic reproduction process
US3681066A (en) Process whereby a diazo-containing material exhibits an imagewise change in triboelectric charging properties
US4970130A (en) Xeroprinting process with improved contrast potential
US4880715A (en) Imaging system
US3664834A (en) Migration imaging method employing adhesive transfer member
US4419004A (en) Method and apparatus for making transparencies electrostatically
US3836364A (en) Method of making multiple images from a migration imaged member
USRE29357E (en) Image formation and development
US3206600A (en) Image-formation on electro-photographic material
US3615394A (en) Method of forming a pigment image from a pigment-resin toner image
US3788203A (en) Justification apparatus
US4047945A (en) Xeroprinting master and process
US3414409A (en) Particle transfer
US3719482A (en) Imaging system