US3516360A - Shot container - Google Patents

Shot container Download PDF

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Publication number
US3516360A
US3516360A US716530A US3516360DA US3516360A US 3516360 A US3516360 A US 3516360A US 716530 A US716530 A US 716530A US 3516360D A US3516360D A US 3516360DA US 3516360 A US3516360 A US 3516360A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pouch
shot
container
pellets
petals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US716530A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerald A Lathrope
Reuel E Thompson
Wayne S Ives
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Olin Corp
Original Assignee
Olin Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olin Corp filed Critical Olin Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3516360A publication Critical patent/US3516360A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/06—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile with cartridge case of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/08—Wads, i.e. projectile or shot carrying devices, therefor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a container for receiving and retaining a quantity of shot pellets to be fired from a shotgun.
  • the container is of the type adapted to provide for delayed release of the shot pellets at some point substantially remote from the firearm. Such delayed release results in a more dense shot cloud on the target, and a shot cloud wherein the individual shot pellets have a higher kinetic energy than if launched with an ordinary shot shell.
  • the prior are pouches have proven to be unstable in flight. This in-flight instability results in an inability to control the attitude of the exit means, or end, of the pouch, thereby causing erratic and misdirected release of the shot pellets.
  • the end result of the in-flight instability of the prior art pouches is that the shot pattern will be concentrated in an unpredictable area which is generally oif-center of the target.
  • a second problem area present in the pouches of the prior art concerns the means utilized to release the shot from the pouch.
  • the point in flight at which the majority of the pellets are released from the pouch must be closely controlled and is critical.
  • Many of the shot pouches of the prior art utilize an orifice in one end of the pouch as the release means on the pouch. The size of the exit orifice will determine the point of release of the pellets for a given pellet size and air resistance with an earlier release being achieved as the exit orifice increases in size. Experimentation has shown that as soon as the pouch leaves the gun muzzle, the shot pellets will immediately begin to pass out through the exit orifice until, at some predetermined point, the great majority of pellets will exit through the orifice.
  • plastic is a perferred material from which the pouches are fabricated.
  • the use of plastic for such pouches may produce an undesirable inability to reasonably control the point at which the pellets are launched from the pouch.
  • a late release is also undesirable as it results in reduced shot dispersion and increases the probability that the pellets and pouch will impact the target as a unit.
  • the rigidity, or lack thereof, of the pouch material may control the point at which the pellets are released from the pouch, since the pouch is often deformed to effect release of the pellets.
  • the rigidity of the plastic will vary with fluctuations in temperature, the pouch being more flexible at higher temperatures, and more rigid at lower temperatures.
  • the force necessary to release the pellets from a comparatively flexible pouch is lower than the force necessary to release the pellets from a comparatively rigid pouch.
  • the release mechanism on a plastic pouch may operate with optimum efficiency and give a dependable point of release only at ambient temperatures, with variations of more than about i5 F. resulting in an undesirable alteration of the release characteristics of the pouch.
  • aerodynamic drag refers to the air resistance of the carrier in flight, and this aerodynamic drag causes the force which drives the pellet charge forward and out of the pouch. More specifically, the pouch and the enclosed shot charge are propelled from the gun at the same initial velocity. The aerodynamic drag causes the pouch to decelerate, but does not decelerate the shot pellets. Thus a difference in the velocities of the pouch and the enclosed pellets is established. This velocity difference increases as the pouch slows down with the result that ideally when the velocity difference exceeds a critical value, the shot actuates the release means and passes out of the pouch.
  • the shot container of this invention is aerodynamically stable while at the same time being a non-spinning projectile. Aerodynamic stability is accomplished by locating the aerodynamic center of pressure, that is to say, the point upon which the aerodynamic drag is focused, to the rear of the mass center of gravity. The degree of aerodynamic stability is increased by increasing the distance between the centers of pressure and gravity.
  • the aerodynamic center of pressure is placed completely behind the shot charge-containing pouch and very near the end of the carrier itself.
  • the center of gravity remains almost coincident with the center of gravity of the shot charge by virtue of the fact that the carrier is fabricated from a material which is much less dense than the shot and adds only a small fraction to the total weight of the system.
  • the braking structure of the container of this invention which determines the location of the aerodynamic center of pressure and which provides resistance to air in flight, serves the further purpose of functioning as a wad structure when the shotgun is fired.
  • slits through the top end wall of the pouch, which slits define a number of adjacent flexible tabs.
  • the tabs initially serve to close the top end wall of the pouch of this invention, but are bent upwardly and outwardly by the enclosed shot pellets after aerodynamic drag has begun to decelerate the pouch.
  • a small aperture is preferably disposed in the center of the top end wall of the pouch to permit the entrance of air into the pouch when the latter is in flight, which admitted air provides resistance at the bottom end wall of the pouch to aid in decelerating the latter.
  • a preferred embodiment of this invention may also include auxiliary braking means which serve to vary the total aerodynamic drag acting upon the container as a function of the temperature of the environment in which the container is fired.
  • the auxiliary braking means are in the form of plastic petals which are disposed contiguous with the outside surface of the shot pouch portion of the container. The petals are so formed that they are peeled back away from the pouch by air resistance in flight, thereby increasing the total aerodynamic drag of the container.
  • the petals, being plastic are more rigid at colder temperatures and more flexible at warmer temperatures. Thus at colder temperatures the petals contribute more to the total aerodynamic drag than they do at warmer temperatures, with the result that the total aerodynamic drag acting upon the container of this invention is greater at colder temperatures than it is at warmer temperaures.
  • FIG. 1 is a cut away view of an embodiment of the shot 4 container of this invention disposed in a cartridge casing;
  • FIG. 2 is a top end view of the shot container of FIG. 1 showing the shot releasing means formed in the top end wall of the pouch;
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the shot container of FIG. 1 after it has been propelled from a shotgun, showing the action of the petals and shot releasing means;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the shot container of this invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of the shot container of FIG. 4, after it has been launched from a shotgun, showing the shot release mechanism.
  • the shot container of this invention is shown disposed in a shotgun cartridge 3. It is noted that while a particular type of cartridge is shown, the shot container of this invention may be used with any of a large variety of shotgun or other cartridges.
  • the container 2 includes a pouch 4 having an annular side wall 6, a bottom end wall 8, and a top end wall 10, which together define a chamber 12 for the reception of a plurality of shot pellets 13.
  • a frangible disk 11 or enfolded crimp closure (not shown) is disposed in the upper end of the cartridge 3 to overlie the top end wall 10 of the pouch in a known manner.
  • a cupwad member 14 is spaced apart from the bottom end wall 8 of the pouch to define a free space 16 therebetween.
  • the bottom wall of the wad 14 is recessed, as at 18, to overlie and seal the propellant charge 20 in the cartridge 3.
  • a plurality of spaced-apart strips 22 of plastic extend across the free space 16 and are integral with the wad 14 and the pouch 4 to interconnect opposed peripheral points on the two.
  • the strips 22 are substantially rigid and are provided with hinge means 24 to permit some flexing of the strips 22 when the propellant charge 14 is ignited and the shotgun is fired.
  • the strips 22 thus serve to cushion the pouch 4 when the cartridge is fired, and furthermore, the comparative rigidity of the strips 22 prevents the wad 14 from fishtailing with respect to the pouch 4 when the container 2 is in flight, thus contributing to the aerodynamic stability of the container.
  • Particular details of the strips 22 and wad structure are more thoroughly set forth in U.S. Pat. 3,285,174.
  • a plastic sheath 24 is disposed contiguous with the outside surface of the pouch 4 and is joined to that portion of the pouch side wall 6 adjacent the pouch bottom wall 8.
  • the sheath 24 may be co-molded with the pouch 4, or may be joined to the pouch by heat sealing or by a suitably applied adhesive.
  • a plurality of longitudinal slits 26 extend from the top edge of the sheath 24 to a plane spaced apart from the bottom edge of the sheath 22, the slits 26 defining a number of adjacent plastic petals 28 having free top edges 30 and free side edges delineated by the slits 26.
  • the function of the petals 28 is set forth hereinafter. It is to be understood that the petals 28 need not be formed as part of a continuous sheath, but that the petals can be separate members which are attached to the pouch at their bottom edges so as to provide the petals with free top and side edges.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the shot container portion 2 of FIG. 1.
  • the pouch top end wall 10 includes a plurality of radial slits 31 therethrough defining a number of adjacent flexible tabs 32.
  • the slits 31 may extend into the side wall 6 of the pouch 4 as at 31' (see FIG. 1).
  • the top end wall also includes a centrally located aperture 34 communicating with the slits 31 which aperture 34 is of comparatively restricted size so as to prevent the enclosed shot 13 from passing therethrough in any great number.
  • the aperture 34 and the flexible tabs 32 combine to delineate a variable area exit orifice through which the pellets are released from the pouch when the package is in flight, as is more clearly shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 shows the container after the latter has been propelled from the muzzle of a shotgun 36 (only partially shown). As the container travels through the air,
  • the force required to bend the tabs'32 to a position comparable to that shown in FIG. 3 will be more than is necessary at ambient temperature because of the increased rigidity of the tabs 32.
  • the rigidity of the petals 28 will also increase at lower temperatures, thus the petals will be peeled back to ap proximately the position 28' as shown in FIG. 3, and will provide greater air resistance in the position 28', thereby increasing the total aerodynamic drag acting on the container 2.
  • the amount of force required to bend the tabs 32 to the position shown in FIG. 3 will be lower at temperatures of more than about 5 F.
  • FIG. 4 an embodiment of the container of this invention is shown which does not include the plastic petals.
  • the container is otherwise structurally the same as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, having an annular side wall 106, a bottom end wall 108 and a top end wall 110 to define a pouch portion to receive a charge of shot pellets (not shown).
  • the container also includes a cup wad 114 connected to the shot pouch by a plu rality of substantially rigid strips 122.
  • the top end wall 110 of the pouch includes a plurality of radial slits 131 defining a number of adjacent tabs 132.
  • a centrally located restricted aperture 134 is disposed in the top end wall 110.
  • FIG. 5 shows the container of FIG. 4 in flight after having been fired from a shotgun 136 (only partially shown). Air resistance acts against the surface 136 on the cup wad to provide aerodynamic drag on the container, thus creating the force by which the shot pellets 113 are able to bend the tabs 132 forward and outward to cause release of the pellets 113 from the pouch.
  • the shot container of this invention thus provides means for the delayed launch of a quantity of shot pellets thereby increasing the density of the shot cloud and the kinetic energy of the individual shot pellets at the target.
  • the shot container is stable in flight while at the same time being a non-spinning projectile.
  • the inflight stability of the container of this invention results in control of the attitude of the shot release mechanism in flight thereby eliminating the heretofore existing tendency of the containers releasing the shot in a direction which is 011- center of the target.
  • Means are also provided for controlling the shot release point regardless of temperature variations thereby providing substantially constant shot cloud density and pellet kinetic energy at the target over a greater span of temperature-weather conditions.
  • a shot container for use with a firearm cartridge having a propellant charge, wherein the container is propelled from the muzzle of a gun upon combustion of the propellant charge, the improvement comprising:
  • exit means including an opening formed in said top end wall operative to provide a delayed release of the shot pellets from said pouch at a predetermined point after said container is propelled from the gun muzzle;
  • said flexible plastic petals are defined by an annular plastic sheath joined to said pouch side wall, said sheath having a free top edge and a plurality of generally longitudinally extending slits forming said free side edges on said petals.
  • exit means comprises a number of radially extending slits through said top end wall to combine with said opening to define a plurality of adjacent flexible tabs delineating a variable area exit opening from said chamber.
  • said pouch top Wall having a number of radial slits therethrough defining a plurality of adjacent flexible tabs, and said top end wall further including a centrally disposed opening therethrough to permit air to enter said pouch in flight and impinge said bottom end wall, said tabs and said opening forming a variable area exit orifice operative to provide delayed in-flight discharge of the projectiles from said chamber;
  • exit means formed in said top end wall operative to provide a delayed release of the shot pellets from said chamber at a predetermined remote point after the container is propelled from a gun muzzle;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
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US716530A 1968-03-27 1968-03-27 Shot container Expired - Lifetime US3516360A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71653068A 1968-03-27 1968-03-27

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US (1) US3516360A (de)
DE (1) DE1911010A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1599336A (de)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3688699A (en) * 1970-01-12 1972-09-05 Federal Cartridge Corp Self-retaining reload capsule for shotgun shells
US4151799A (en) * 1977-09-23 1979-05-01 Jackson John W Wad for shotgun shell
US4291625A (en) * 1979-03-02 1981-09-29 Stagg Jr George A Shot gun shell construction
US4627356A (en) * 1985-06-11 1986-12-09 Louis Buczkowski Two-piece booster shot shell wad
US4773329A (en) * 1985-11-25 1988-09-27 Olin Corporation Composite shot wad structure for steel and other hard shot
US4782759A (en) * 1987-06-30 1988-11-08 Hawk Walter J Dual sealed composite wad structure
US5275108A (en) * 1990-08-23 1994-01-04 Endowment Fund Of The International Shooter Development Fund, Inc. Match-grade rifle cartridge with improved components
US5596167A (en) * 1995-10-03 1997-01-21 Davis; Richard V. Shot cartridge for a muzzle loading firearm and process for loading a muzzle loading firearm
US6257147B1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2001-07-10 Robert Bruce Davies Frangible shotshell
US6260484B1 (en) 1999-05-17 2001-07-17 Chris L. Billings Shotgun cartridge and shotshell wad
US20040055501A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-03-25 Hunn David L. Penetrator and method for using same
WO2012037459A1 (en) * 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Olin Corporation Shot cup for shotshell
US9506732B2 (en) 2014-11-19 2016-11-29 Schultz Waterfowl, Llc. Shotgun shell wad
US9739582B2 (en) 2011-11-21 2017-08-22 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotgun shell
WO2017196828A1 (en) * 2016-05-09 2017-11-16 Amtec Less Lethal Systems, Inc. Token system for use with dedicated rounds of ammunition
US9879957B2 (en) 2015-10-15 2018-01-30 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotshell having wad with enhanced fin deployment
USD847294S1 (en) 2016-02-04 2019-04-30 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotgun wad
USD847293S1 (en) 2016-01-28 2019-04-30 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotgun wad
US10422611B1 (en) 2015-10-15 2019-09-24 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotshell having wad with enhanced fin deployment
USD1017756S1 (en) 2018-02-23 2024-03-12 Federal Cartridge Company Shotgun wad

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995010753A2 (de) * 1993-10-14 1995-04-20 Vladimir Jezic Schrot für schrotpatronen
WO2015047207A1 (en) 2013-09-30 2015-04-02 Lytynskyi Lurii Timofeevich Shot shell "luman"

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2759420A (en) * 1953-01-30 1956-08-21 Theodore R Schultz Shotgun cartridge
US3227085A (en) * 1963-09-05 1966-01-04 James L Ramer Shot shell
US3285174A (en) * 1965-05-28 1966-11-15 Olin Mathieson Wad and shot protector device
US3313235A (en) * 1964-06-10 1967-04-11 Chellife Corp Shotgun shell with deformable closure

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2759420A (en) * 1953-01-30 1956-08-21 Theodore R Schultz Shotgun cartridge
US3227085A (en) * 1963-09-05 1966-01-04 James L Ramer Shot shell
US3313235A (en) * 1964-06-10 1967-04-11 Chellife Corp Shotgun shell with deformable closure
US3285174A (en) * 1965-05-28 1966-11-15 Olin Mathieson Wad and shot protector device

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3688699A (en) * 1970-01-12 1972-09-05 Federal Cartridge Corp Self-retaining reload capsule for shotgun shells
US4151799A (en) * 1977-09-23 1979-05-01 Jackson John W Wad for shotgun shell
US4291625A (en) * 1979-03-02 1981-09-29 Stagg Jr George A Shot gun shell construction
US4627356A (en) * 1985-06-11 1986-12-09 Louis Buczkowski Two-piece booster shot shell wad
US4773329A (en) * 1985-11-25 1988-09-27 Olin Corporation Composite shot wad structure for steel and other hard shot
US4782759A (en) * 1987-06-30 1988-11-08 Hawk Walter J Dual sealed composite wad structure
US5275108A (en) * 1990-08-23 1994-01-04 Endowment Fund Of The International Shooter Development Fund, Inc. Match-grade rifle cartridge with improved components
US5596167A (en) * 1995-10-03 1997-01-21 Davis; Richard V. Shot cartridge for a muzzle loading firearm and process for loading a muzzle loading firearm
US6257147B1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2001-07-10 Robert Bruce Davies Frangible shotshell
US6260484B1 (en) 1999-05-17 2001-07-17 Chris L. Billings Shotgun cartridge and shotshell wad
US20040055501A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-03-25 Hunn David L. Penetrator and method for using same
WO2012037459A1 (en) * 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Olin Corporation Shot cup for shotshell
US9739582B2 (en) 2011-11-21 2017-08-22 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotgun shell
US9506732B2 (en) 2014-11-19 2016-11-29 Schultz Waterfowl, Llc. Shotgun shell wad
US9879957B2 (en) 2015-10-15 2018-01-30 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotshell having wad with enhanced fin deployment
US10422611B1 (en) 2015-10-15 2019-09-24 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotshell having wad with enhanced fin deployment
US11486681B2 (en) 2015-10-15 2022-11-01 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotshell having wad with enhanced fin deployment
USD847293S1 (en) 2016-01-28 2019-04-30 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotgun wad
USD847294S1 (en) 2016-02-04 2019-04-30 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Shotgun wad
WO2017196828A1 (en) * 2016-05-09 2017-11-16 Amtec Less Lethal Systems, Inc. Token system for use with dedicated rounds of ammunition
USD1017756S1 (en) 2018-02-23 2024-03-12 Federal Cartridge Company Shotgun wad

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1911010A1 (de) 1969-10-02
FR1599336A (de) 1970-07-15

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