US3515849A - Electrical heating system - Google Patents

Electrical heating system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3515849A
US3515849A US635966A US3515849DA US3515849A US 3515849 A US3515849 A US 3515849A US 635966 A US635966 A US 635966A US 3515849D A US3515849D A US 3515849DA US 3515849 A US3515849 A US 3515849A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heating
floor
electrical heating
heating system
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US635966A
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English (en)
Inventor
Friedrich Chr Math
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KAUFFER AND CO GmbH
Original Assignee
KAUFFER AND CO GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DEJ15675U external-priority patent/DE1964895U/de
Application filed by KAUFFER AND CO GmbH filed Critical KAUFFER AND CO GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3515849A publication Critical patent/US3515849A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • a further difficulty encountered in the construction of electrically heated floors is that when the heating elements of the heating system are embedded in hardenable floor material during installation, the floor material will shrink during hardening thereof, while the heating elements will not shrink, so that during the hardening of the floor material considerable tension will be created between the floor material and the heating elements which may lead to crack formation in the floor material or to ⁇ damage of the heating elements.
  • the electrical heating system according to the present invention which is adapted to be embedded in a floor and the like, mainly comprises electrical heating means distributed over a given area and arranged substantially in a plane, and grid means extending over the area and connected to the electrical heating means but electrically insulated therefrom for protecting the latter and for dissipating the heat developed thereby.
  • the grid means is preferably formed from metal and preferably the grid means is in the form of an electrically yieldable metal grid in form of a wire netting or in form of perforated or punched metal sheets.
  • the metal grid which when the heating system is installed will extend at least in part above the electrical heating means, will also properly protect the latter since during wear of the floor surface the metal grid will be first exposed so that the heating elements located beneath the metal grid will still be properly protected. Exposure of the metal grid will also indicate that repair of the floor surface is required.
  • the metal grid may be grounded to protect any person walking on the floor from shocks, even if the insulation of the heating elements should be damaged.
  • the electrical heating means of the heating system preferably comprise a plurality of elongated heating elements arranged spaced from each other substantially in a plane and a pair of conductors respectively connecting opposite ends of adjacent heating elements to each other.
  • the heating elements are preferably flexible and to a certain extent also stretchable, for instance each of the heating elements may comprise a woven band including a heating wire forming the weft thread of the band and warp threads of insulating material and insulating means covering the band, whereas the grid means connected to the thus constructed heating means is, as mentioned before, and elastically yieldable metal grid.
  • the grid means is in form of a wire netting, the wires of which are intertwined with the elongated heating elements and the conductors forming the electrical heating system.
  • An electrical heating system of such a construction can be easily manufactured with automatic machines known in the art in form of an elongated or endless mat adapted to be cut in portions of desired length in situ so that the whole system may be easily and quickly installed with semi-skilled labor.
  • the flexible wire netting will not only prevent crack formation due to shrinkage of the floor material, but the embedded wire netting will also increase the strength of the floor and reduce the danger of crack formation in the latter due to sinking of the floor foundation.
  • a pretension is applied to' the heating means and to the grid means of the electricalheating system before the latter is embedded into hardenable building material forming the floor and the pretension is maintained during hardening of the floor material.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of the electrical heating system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2. is a cross section taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of one heating element with part of the insulation cut away.
  • the electrical heating system may comprise electrical heating means extending over a given area and arranged substantially in a plane and including heating elements 3 arranged spaced from and substantially parallel to each other and connected at opposite ends by current supply conductors 2 extending normal to the heating elements, and grid means which may comprise a wiring netting 1, the wires of which are intertwined or interwoven with the heating elements 3 and the conductors 2 to form with the latter a flexible heating mat.
  • grid means which may comprise a wiring netting 1, the wires of which are intertwined or interwoven with the heating elements 3 and the conductors 2 to form with the latter a flexible heating mat.
  • Such a mat may be produced by automatic or semi-automatic machines in form of a more or less endless band which is then cut in situ to the required length.
  • the grid means or the metal grid may also be formed from a perforated or grid-like stamped metal sheet extending over the electrical heating means 2, 3 and connected thereto in any convenient manner to form therewith a flexible mat.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section taken along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1 with the wire mesh 1 omitted.
  • the heating elements 3 are constructed to be not only flexible but preferably also stretchable to a certain extent and they may comprise, as shown in FIG. 3, a heating wire 4 interwoven as a weft thread with warp threadsS of insulating stretchable material to form therewith a flexible and stretchable band which is surrounded by an inner layer 6 of electrically insulating material of high heat conductivity, for instance silicone, which in turn is surrounded by an outer insulating layer 7 of an appropriate plastic material of relatively great mechanical strength.
  • the cross section of the heating element 3 is preferably substantially oval as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the current supply conductor 2 may be constructed in a similar manner, of course with the cross section of the wire chosen in such a way so as to be able to carry the necessary current.
  • the wires of the current supply conductors 2 are permanently and electrically connected to the heating wires 4 of the heating elements 3 at the junction of heating elements and conductors and each junction is insulated in a permanent and water-tight manner.
  • the electrical heating mat shown in FIG. 1 may be produced in a more or less endless band to be cut in situ to the desired length.
  • a pretension is preferablyapplied in a known manner to the mat composed of the elements 1, 2 and 3 and this heating mat is then embedded in hardenable building material forming a floor or the like and the pretension is maintained until the material hardens, whereby the strength of the floor will be increased by the heating mat installed therein.
  • Ground wires maybe connected to the wire mesh 1 so that the latter maybe properly grounded.
  • An electrical heating system adapted to be em bedded in a floor and the like, comprising, in combina tion electrical heating means distributed over a given area substantially in a plane and including a plurality of main elongated heating elements arranged spaced from each other and each comprising a narrow flat band'form'ed from a plurality of warp threads of insulating material all of which extend longitudinally of the respective heating elements, a weft thread constituted by a heating wire arranged in a wavy form and extending only transverse to the elongation of the band intertwined with said warp threads, a layer of silicone material covering said band, and a layer of insulating material covering said-layer of silicone material; a pair of elongated conducted elements serving as conductors for said main elongated heating elements and extending transverse to the latter and 'respectively in the region of opposite ends thereof and respectively connecting said opposite ends to each other; and grid means extending over said given area and intertwined with said main
  • said grid means comprises a Wire netting, the wires of which are intertwined with said main heating elements and said conductor elements.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
US635966A 1966-04-29 1967-05-01 Electrical heating system Expired - Lifetime US3515849A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEM69332A DE1299784B (de) 1966-04-29 1966-04-29 Elektrisches Heizelement und Verfahren zu seiner Einbettung in Fussboeden
DEJ15675U DE1964895U (de) 1966-10-21 1966-10-21 Kunststeinstufe.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3515849A true US3515849A (en) 1970-06-02

Family

ID=25982226

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US635966A Expired - Lifetime US3515849A (en) 1966-04-29 1967-05-01 Electrical heating system

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3515849A (de)
BE (1) BE697775A (de)
DE (1) DE1299784B (de)
DK (1) DK127260B (de)
GB (1) GB1189161A (de)
LU (1) LU53512A1 (de)
NL (1) NL141352B (de)
NO (1) NO121684B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4313777A (en) * 1979-08-30 1982-02-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration One-step dual purpose joining technique
US4614312A (en) * 1984-08-20 1986-09-30 Del Pino Herman D Roll paper holder
US5229583A (en) * 1992-09-28 1993-07-20 Shell Oil Company Surface heating blanket for soil remediation
US20140345041A1 (en) * 2013-05-23 2014-11-27 Si Barghelame Collapsible multi function sauna and dryer

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997016052A1 (en) * 1995-10-24 1997-05-01 Barber, Kathleen, Rosalie Heating apparatus
DE202008016069U1 (de) 2008-12-04 2009-12-03 Trace Tec Begleitheizungstechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Beheizung von Oberflächen

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2138217A (en) * 1935-12-24 1938-11-29 Roser B Sutter Electrical heating system
US2473183A (en) * 1947-07-16 1949-06-14 Bates Mfg Co Electrically conductive fabric
US2710909A (en) * 1953-11-16 1955-06-14 Richard W Logan Electric heating element
US2745944A (en) * 1954-12-16 1956-05-15 Gen Electric Combined heating and thermosensitive heating control units
US2844696A (en) * 1957-08-14 1958-07-22 Jr Byron K Custer Snow melting mat
US2868946A (en) * 1956-01-12 1959-01-13 French & Sons Thomas Electrical heating elements
US2938992A (en) * 1958-04-18 1960-05-31 Electrofilm Inc Heaters using conductive woven tapes
US2997568A (en) * 1959-01-19 1961-08-22 Easy Heat Inc Heating structure
US3047701A (en) * 1960-03-03 1962-07-31 Frungel Frank Device for heating a ground covering
US3144545A (en) * 1962-03-26 1964-08-11 Heated Concrete Products Inc Heating assembly
US3193664A (en) * 1961-02-20 1965-07-06 Virgil R Beery Electrical heating mat
US3223825A (en) * 1958-03-21 1965-12-14 Chester I Williams Electric grid floor heating system
US3236991A (en) * 1963-12-18 1966-02-22 William P Graham Sidewalk heating means for melting snow

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE569062C (de) * 1933-02-02 Werner Otto Heizkissen mit Beruehrungsschutz
DE590128C (de) * 1931-02-11 1933-12-23 Richard Apt Dr Feuchtigkeitssicheres elektrisches Heizkissen
DE900119C (de) * 1941-04-04 1953-12-21 Walther Bethge Verfahren zur Herstellung elektrisch heizbarer Anordnungen, insbesondere Heizfolien, fuer Kochgeraete u. dgl.
DE844951C (de) * 1948-10-03 1952-11-04 Walther Bethge Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Anordnung elektrischer Heizgitter
AT185906B (de) * 1951-02-06 1956-06-25 Walther Bethge Elektrischer Flächenheizkörper
AT219730B (de) * 1958-07-29 1962-02-12 George Arthur Skoglund Elektrischer Heizkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
GB945795A (en) * 1960-03-30 1964-01-08 Baustahlgewebe Gmbh Improvements in means for heating pavements
GB1020911A (en) * 1962-03-26 1966-02-23 Antonio Negromanti Electrical heating pads and blankets
GB1013017A (en) * 1963-07-17 1965-12-15 Tyrad Electric Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrical heating installations or devices
DE1881714U (de) * 1963-08-09 1963-10-31 Eugen Kloepper Waermetechnik G Vorgefertigte heizmatte mit heizkabeln fuer elektrische fussboden- oder strassenbeheizung.
DE1934213U (de) * 1965-12-03 1966-03-10 Kuno Engels Fa Fussmatte mit elektrischer beheizung.

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2138217A (en) * 1935-12-24 1938-11-29 Roser B Sutter Electrical heating system
US2473183A (en) * 1947-07-16 1949-06-14 Bates Mfg Co Electrically conductive fabric
US2710909A (en) * 1953-11-16 1955-06-14 Richard W Logan Electric heating element
US2745944A (en) * 1954-12-16 1956-05-15 Gen Electric Combined heating and thermosensitive heating control units
US2868946A (en) * 1956-01-12 1959-01-13 French & Sons Thomas Electrical heating elements
US2844696A (en) * 1957-08-14 1958-07-22 Jr Byron K Custer Snow melting mat
US3223825A (en) * 1958-03-21 1965-12-14 Chester I Williams Electric grid floor heating system
US2938992A (en) * 1958-04-18 1960-05-31 Electrofilm Inc Heaters using conductive woven tapes
US2997568A (en) * 1959-01-19 1961-08-22 Easy Heat Inc Heating structure
US3047701A (en) * 1960-03-03 1962-07-31 Frungel Frank Device for heating a ground covering
US3193664A (en) * 1961-02-20 1965-07-06 Virgil R Beery Electrical heating mat
US3144545A (en) * 1962-03-26 1964-08-11 Heated Concrete Products Inc Heating assembly
US3236991A (en) * 1963-12-18 1966-02-22 William P Graham Sidewalk heating means for melting snow

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4313777A (en) * 1979-08-30 1982-02-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration One-step dual purpose joining technique
US4614312A (en) * 1984-08-20 1986-09-30 Del Pino Herman D Roll paper holder
US5229583A (en) * 1992-09-28 1993-07-20 Shell Oil Company Surface heating blanket for soil remediation
US20140345041A1 (en) * 2013-05-23 2014-11-27 Si Barghelame Collapsible multi function sauna and dryer
US9629778B2 (en) * 2013-05-23 2017-04-25 Si Barghelame Collapsible multi function sauna and dryer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1299784B (de) 1969-07-24
BE697775A (de) 1967-10-02
NL6706030A (de) 1967-10-30
GB1189161A (en) 1970-04-22
DK127260B (da) 1973-10-08
NL141352B (nl) 1974-02-15
NO121684B (de) 1971-03-29
LU53512A1 (de) 1967-08-24

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