US3515633A - Compacting of paper and similar fiber webs - Google Patents

Compacting of paper and similar fiber webs Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3515633A
US3515633A US618792A US3515633DA US3515633A US 3515633 A US3515633 A US 3515633A US 618792 A US618792 A US 618792A US 3515633D A US3515633D A US 3515633DA US 3515633 A US3515633 A US 3515633A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
web
paper
wet
water
compaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US618792A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James M Futch Jr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clupak Inc
Original Assignee
Clupak Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clupak Inc filed Critical Clupak Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3515633A publication Critical patent/US3515633A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/24—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for having enhanced flexibility or extensibility produced by mechanical treatment of the unfinished paper
    • D21H5/245—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for having enhanced flexibility or extensibility produced by mechanical treatment of the unfinished paper obtained by compressing the (moist) paper in directions lying in, and optionally perpendicular to, the paper plane, e.g. plain-surfaced Clupak papers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment

Definitions

  • the pressure nip includes conventional resilient surface element and a special hard surface element the surface of which has a combination of characteristics such that it exerts very low drag with respect to the web at the moisture contents involved.
  • the compaction of the web is immediately followed by machine glazing.
  • the field of the present invention is the compaction of fibrous webs such as paper and the like in which the fibers or a substantial percentage of the fibers of which the web is composed are natural cellulosic fibers which have been liberated to form pulp by chemical, semichemical or mechanical processes.
  • a major reason for the compaction of such webs is to impart to them toughness and stretchability greater than that of a similar web which has not been compacted.
  • paper webs are formed on the forming screen of a cylinder mould or Fourdrinier machine by removing water from a suspension of fiber in water by drainage of water through the screen both with and without promotion by suction.
  • the surface tension of the water as the web is thus consolidated causes the fibers to be pulled into a wet mat.
  • This wet mat upon further removal of water as by pressing and drying by evaporation, is additionally densified and strengthened because of the formation between the fibers of chemical bonds generally thought to be hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of cellulose molecules.
  • a web of paper leaves the forming screen with a moisture content of about by weight which corresponds with a water to fiber ratio of about 4: 1. This moisture content is reached when air has struck through the web just before it leaves the forming screen. It is apparent at such moisture content there is a substantial quantity of water on the surfaces of the fibers in addition to the quantity of water with which the fibers are saturated.
  • compaction of paper webs as discussed above it has been regarded as essential to reduce the moisture content of the web to the level discussed above by pressing and by evaporative drying before the compaction is performed.
  • the present invention makes use of hard pressure surfaces having very little tendency to adhere to wet cellulosic webs because they have low coefiicients of friction with respect to such webs.
  • Examples of such surfaces are surfaces made wholly or in part of Teflon resin or other resins having similar characteristics or metal surfaces having small convex nodules formed thereon and closely and quite uniformly distributed over the entire working portion of the surface.
  • Hard surfaces of the types suitable for the present invention characteristically have quite high contact angles with water, have relatively low coeflicients of static friction with respect to wet cellulosic sheet material and exhibit very low or in some cases no detectable tendency to pick fibers from freshly formed wet cellulosic sheet material. As will be more fully explained below certain of the suitable surfaces are preferred for practical reasons such as durability under commercial production conditions.
  • FIG. 1 is an apparatus constructed in accordance with and designed to carry out the process of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an alternate arrangement of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a detail view of the pressure nip of a mechanical compactor for fibrous webs.
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view of the compactor roll showing surface deformation generally.
  • FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of an apparatus adapted for the practice of the present invention and in this figure the compactor is illustrated in such a position that it operates upon a web of paper immediately after it emerges from a wet press or the wet press section of a papermaking machine.
  • a head box 10 and a Fourdrinier screen 11 as well as a suction box 12 and the various rollers (table rolls 13, couch roll 14, takeup roll 15, guide roll 16 and idlers 17, 18 and 19) which comprise the basic elements of the forming section 20 of a typical papermaking machine.
  • a web of paper 22 is shown leaving the Fourdrinier screen 11 at the couch roll 14.
  • the web 22 typically leaves the Fourdrinier screen at a water to fiber ratio of about 4: 1 by Weight, although this varies to some extent in either direction depending upon the grade of paper and the characteristics of a particular installation.
  • the web 22 passes from the Fourdrinier screen to the first press in a wet press section which is designated generally by the reference numeral 23.
  • the function of the press section 23 is to remove some of the water from the web 22 and to assist in forming it into a suitable coherent structure by consolidation and smoothing. Only one wet press is shown although it Will be understood that two or three presses are usually included in a typical wet press section.
  • Each press ordinarily includes a press felt or fabric 24 on the upper surface of which the web 22 is carried through the press.
  • the press also includes a pair of generally vertically alined press rolls 25 which are pressed together upon the web 22 and felt 24 with force appropriate for squeezing of water from the web 22 and for smoothing and consolidation of the web as mentioned above.
  • a web of paper will leave a typical wet press or wet press section at a quite high moisture content, for example a water to fiber ratio of about 1:1 to about 3:1 depending upon the efliciency of the press or number of presses as well as upon the particular grade of paper being manufactured.
  • Moisture contents in the range of those exhibited by webs leaving the typical Wet press 01 wet press section are thus very considerably in excess of those at which compaction of paper has been practiced in accordance with the prior art. Therefore it has been necessary in the past to run the web over a sufficient number of evaporative dryers, such as those generally indicated at 30 in FIG. 1 to lower the moisture content to ratios substantially below 1:1, usually within a range of about 0.511 to about 0.65:1.
  • the present invention makes it possible to compact paper or other cellulosic fibrous webs at moisture contents within the range at which a web typically leaves the wet press section as Well as at lower moisture contents.
  • a compactor unit 40 is installed in a position ahead of the first heated drum 31 of the dryer section 30. This is made possible in accordance with the present invention by the utilization in the compactor 40 of a hard surface element having a combination of characteristics as will be described in greater detail hereinbelow. From the compactor unit 40 the compacted web 22 is passed to the first dryer drum 31 of the dryer section 30.
  • the dryer section 30' includes as is conventional, a plurality of dryer drums 31, upper and lower dryer felts or fabrics 32 and the usual guiding and tensioning rolls 33, 34 and 35 for the felts.
  • the felts 32 serve to hold the web 22 against the dryer drums. In some instances rolls 35 are heated to remove some moisture from the dryer felts 32.
  • From the dryer section 30 the compacted and dried web may be conducted as desired to conventional equipment such as calenders, reels and the like, not shown.
  • the dryer section 30 has been broken away to indicate that any desired number of dryer drums may be used.
  • the dryer section is made up of two or more groups of dryer drums, each group having its own conventional arrangement of dryer felts or fabrics and in some instances a size press or the like is positioned between groups of dryer drums. Any such arrangements may be used with the present invention. However, it should be observed that with the present invention as well as with prior art compacting equipment care should.
  • FIG. 2 an embodiment of the invention is shown for the production of compacted machine-glazed paper.
  • a compactor 240 is shown positioned just ahead of a Yankee dryer section 251.
  • the compactor 240 may be identical with the compactor 40 shown in FIG. 1 and it will be described in greater detail below.
  • a web of paper 222 is shown passing through the compactor 240 and from there to the Yankee dryer section 251.
  • the Yankee dryer section 251 includes a large-diameter heated drum 252 which has a highly polished surface for contact with the web 222.
  • the compacted web 222 is guided from the compactor 240 onto the drum 252 by a pressure roll 253 which assures tight contact of one surface of the Web with the highly polished surface of drum 252.
  • a conventional Yankee dryer felt 254 and conventional tension and guiding rolls 255, 256 therefor serves to hold the web 222 in contact with a substantial portion of the periphery of the drum 252 as is customary in Yankee dryer sections.
  • the compacted dried web 222 is guided by a roll 257 to a reel 258.
  • the paper For machine glazing of paper on a Yankee dryer, as shown in FIG. 2, or on a stack or heated dryer rolls which press the paper between them like a calender stack as is sometimes used, it is known that the paper must have. a moisture content of at least about 50%, that is a Water to fiber ratio by weight of about 1:1, at the time it first comes into contact with the dryer drum surface on which it is to be glazed. When the moisture content is below this range the paper typically breaks prematurely away from the drum surface and dries without attaining the desired glossy finish. In the proper operating range for glazing the paper will adhere firmly to the drum surface and will remain so adhered long enough that the surface of the paper will take on the desired highly polished permanent finish which is a mirror image of the surface of the drum.
  • a compactor 240 is provided for the first time which is capable of compacting paper at water to fiber ratios well is in excess of 1:1 whereby the web 222 may be introduced to the compactor 240 at a moisture content sufliciently high that, after compaction and such reduction in moisture content as may be caused by compaction, the web 222 will still have the 1:1, or greater, ratio required for machine glazing.
  • the web 222 as shown in FIG. 2 may be conducted to the compactor 240 directly from a wet press section with a water to fiber ratio of, say 2:1 or greater if the drying capacity of the particular Yankee section is high enough.
  • the web 222 may be conducted from the wet press section to one or more preliminary dryer drums to bring the moisture content down to such a point that after compaction it will have a water to fiber ratio sufficiently high for machine glazing but not in excess of the capacity of the Yankee dryer section.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively the compactors 40 and 240 are shown as comprising elastomeric blankets 41 and 241, hard surface rolls 42 and 242, idler rolls 43, 243, 44, 244, 45, 245 and optional auxiliary drive rolls 60 and 260.
  • the hard surface rolls 42 and 242 respectively are driven rolls and the rolls 43 and 243. are nip rolls so mounted that their axes may be moved toward and from the hard surface rolls with which they are associated to adjust the amount of nip pressure exerted upon the elastomeric blankets 41 or 241 and upon the paper webs which pass between the blankets and the hard surface rolls for the compaction thereof.
  • the idler rolls 45 and 245 are usually bodily adjustable to put desired tension upon the elastomeric blankets. It will be apparent that the compactors 40 and 240 as so far described are similar to one of the forms described in US Pat. No. 2,624,245 to S. L. Cluett.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown one optional feature which ordinarily is not utilized in the commercial practice of prior art compacting.
  • auxiliary drive rolls 60 and 260 respectively have been illustrated as forming a nip with the idler rolls 44 and 244 for the purpose of driving the elastomeric blankets 41 and 241 at a desired lineal speed.
  • the auxiliary driving effect may be achieved by driving the nip roll 43 or 243 of FIGS. 1 and 2 by suitable mean (not shown) which take into account the fact that the nip rolls also must be bodily movable to adjust nip pressure.
  • auxiliary drive is ad visable or necessary because the surfaces of the driven, hard surface rolls 42 and 242 have such low drag characteristics with respect to the moist webs 22 and 222 that slipping will occur and the elastomeric blanket and the moist paper web adhered thereto would tend to move at too low a speed for proper operation.
  • the auxiliary drive rolls 60 and 260 or other auxiliary driving provisions as noted above will assure proper blanket and Web speed under all conditions.
  • the auxiliary drive for the blanket has not been required since the hard surface elements of such compactors at best have had frictional drag characteristics so high with respect to the paper web that movement of the web and blanket at desired lineal speed was assured.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown in enlarged detail the nip portion of a compactor 340 of the type used as the compactors 40 and 240 of FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively.
  • a compactor 340 of the type used as the compactors 40 and 240 of FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively.
  • the compacting of a fibrous web to enhance toughness and stretchability is accomplished by applying simultaneously to the web forces which act in the plane parallel to the general web surfaces and in the plane normal to such surfaces. These forces push and crowd the fibers together to strengthen existing bonds and to form additional bonds and adhesions between fibers and fibrils of the web in its compacted condition.
  • the compactors act to shrink the web in a direction parallel to its travel through the machine and the finished web accordingly will exhibit greatest enhanced stretchability in this machine direction. As best seen in FIG.
  • the endless elastomeric blanket 341 which, typically, may comprise a strong, inextensible backing layer secured to a smooth-surfaced elastomeric paper engaging layer having a durometer hardness in the range from 40 to 60, wraps a substantial portion of the periphery of the nip roll 343 as it approaches the hard surface roll 342.
  • the paper engaging surface 346 of the blanket will be convexly curved and stretched as it approaches the nip.
  • the web 322 is brought into contact with the stretched surface 346 of the blanket just ahead of the nip between rolls 342 and 343.
  • the web As the blanket and web enter the nip the web is firmly pressed between the surface 346 of the blanket and the hard surface 347 of roll 342 and it will tend to adhere firmly to the strectched elastomeric surface 346. As the web and blanket pass through the nip the blanket is so guided as to wrap the surface of the hard surface roll 342. The resultant reversal of curvature of the elastomeric surface 346 causes it to relax and shorten and to correspondingly shorten the web 322 which is firmly adhered to the surface 346 during the shortening thereof. The web is still pressed against the hard surface 347 and it will be apparent that at some point within the nip the web 322 must begin to slip and then continue to slip relative to the surface 347 of hard surface roll 342 for such shortening to occur.
  • the process includes confining the web between two moving elements, one of which has a web contacting surface which is smooth and elastomeric and the other of which has a web contacting surface which is hard and offers lower frictional resistance to movement of the web than does the surface of said elastomeric element, and while the web is so confined contracting the web contacting surface of said elastomeric element in order to contract the web with it while said web is still confined against and slipping relative to said hard surface to thereby compress the web in the direction of contraction of said web contacting surface so that the fibers and fibrils of the web are brought into such close contact with each other that strong bonding and adhesions are produced therebetween.
  • the hard surface 347 of roll 342 always is maintained at a temperature at or above the boiling point of water in prior-art operation in order to promote slippage of the moist web relative to the hard surface.
  • the hard surface In prior-art operations the hard surface usually was very smooth and usually was of polished chromium.
  • the present invention provides hard surfaces which may be heated but frequently to much lower temperatures than in the prior art, which do not require additional lubricants for operation upon webs at moisture contents as heretofore used and, most importantly, at moisture contents exceeding and in many instances greatly exceeding the highest moisture contents at which prior-art compression could be practiced.
  • These hard surfaces have coefficients of static friction, with respect to webs at such higher moisture contents which are low enough to permit slipping to start within the nip at the proper time.
  • Particular examples of such surfaces and the combinations of characteristics to guide those skilled in the art in selection of other surfaces suitable for use in the present invention will now be given.
  • a first suitable hard surface 347 may consist of a coating of Teflon fluorocarbon (TEE) resin (Du Pont) or similar resin applied to the relatively smooth surface of a metal roll 342.
  • TEE Teflon fluorocarbon
  • Du Pont Du Pont
  • the resin coating should have a thickness of about 0.002 inch or more when applied to a metal surface. If the metal surface is somewhat roughened, as it may be to improve adherence of the coating thereto, the coating should be sufficiently thick that the surface thereof may be polished to desirable smoothness while leaving a minimum thickness of about 0.002 inch.
  • a second suitable hard surface 347 for the roll 342 consists of a coating of resin, which may be a Teflon or similar resin as described above, applied over an etched or pitted metal surface of roll 342.
  • the metal surface is a plating of chromium first polished to a smooth condition and then given a matte or pitted finish. With the matte finish the high spots are peaks.
  • the pitted surface may be formed by blasting the polished plating with a suitable material such as glass beads to form closely spaced indentations upon the surface, with the high spots being what remains of the original polished surface.
  • the matte or indented surface is then coated with a resin such as a Teflon fluorocarbon resin (TFE) (Du Pont) or other durable types of resin of suitable characteristics.
  • TFE Teflon fluorocarbon resin
  • the resin coat is thick enough to fill the valleys of the matte or indented chromium base and of course will extend over the high portions as well.
  • the resin extending over the high portions will eventually wear away exposing the metal in such zones.
  • the rate of wear thereafter will be progressively reduced as more of the metal high portions are exposed.
  • the resin remaining in the valleys will still constitute the major portion of the area of the surface whereby the surface will continue to exhibit substantially the same characteristics as it would were it a smooth, polished surface consisting solely of the resin.
  • Another, third, suitable surface for use in the present invention is one consisting entirely of metal which exhibits characteristics sufficiently similar to the resin surfaces of the first and second surfaces discussed above to be entirely suitable for the present invention. Furthermore it is regarded as preferable over the first and second examples for the practical reason that it will have a much longer useful life than the resin surfaces aforesaid since it should wear longer and is less likely to be damaged.
  • This third useful surface consists of a plating of chromium or other suitable hard metal upon the base metal of the roll 342.
  • the plating preferably should be at least about 0.002 to 0.003 inch thick. The plating is treated or is so applied that the surface thereof is made up of small closely spaced convex nodules.
  • One way to provide a surface of such conformation is to start with a roll 342 made of steel which is smooth or which has been polished to a very smooth condition.
  • the steel surface is then blasted with suitable material to form closely spaced indentations with intervening high portions.
  • the blasted steel surface is then plated with chromium which will form smoothly rounded convex nodules where it extends over the high portions of the blasted steel surface.
  • Metal rolls of this general type with surfaces of various degrees of roughness may be obtained from Brame Textile Machine Company of Greensboro, NC
  • the surface texture of the third, nodular metal, hard surface 347 should show an average Roughness Height R.M.S., of from about 40 to about rnicroinches determined in accordance with ASA B46.l-1962 with a Roughness Width cutoff value of 0.100 inches.
  • R.M.S. average Roughness Height
  • the roughness of the blasted steel roll before plating and the thickness of the chromium plating must be chosen in relation with each other in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
  • Another chromium surface known to be useful in priorart compaction of paper which has been blasted to form an overall pattern of very small sharp peaks has a contact angle with water which was very much higher than the polished surface and it was found to exhibit no detectable tendency to pick fibers from a web of paper at the same water to fiber ratio of about 3:1.
  • Such blasted surface in spite of its high contact angle with water and its freedom from fiber picking when used in a laboratory compactor was not any more capable of use for compacting paper at moisture contents of, say, a water to fiber ratio of about 3:1, than was the polished chromium surface.
  • hand-sheets of paper were formed from pulp of carefully controlled uniformity and some of them were pressed to a substantially uniform moisture content with a water to fiber ratio of about 3:1. Other sheets were dried to air dry condition. In addition to fiber picking tests with the wet sheets and contact angle measurements for each of the surfaces a series of tests were made to determine frictional characteristics of both wet and dry sheets with the various surfaces.
  • Fiber picking tests were made, using the wet hand sheets, but are not fully reported or described herein since picking of any significant amount was found only in connection with the polished chromium surface (RMS 4-8) of a type heretofore used for compacting of paper at commercial moisture contents of 0.65:1 water to fiber ratio or less. It should be reported however that the preferred convex nodular metal surfaces started to pick very slightly at Roughness Height values of RMS 55 or less. This occurred with paper sheets at a Water to fiber ratio of about 3:1. For this reason as well as the fact that the coefiicient of friction-wet began to approach that of polished chromium as the nodular surfaces became smoother, the lower limit on surface texture of the convex nodular metal has been determined to be about 40 RMS. While the complete range is operative with the highest moisture contents the smoother surfaces in such range are better adapted to operate with paper at the lower water to fiber ratios within the range of from about 1:1 to about 3:1.
  • the apparatus consisted of a table faced with plate glass and hinged at one end. The other end was arranged to be lifted at a controlled rate of 0.5 per second by a hydraulic-pneumatic system. The paper sample was clamped to the free end of the table and a flat plate having the surface under test was laid, test surface down, upon the paper sample. The free end of the table was then progressively elevated to incline it relative to the horizontal.
  • angle of repose the angle at which slippage of the test plate under the influence of gravity just starts is reported below as the angle of repose, which, for practical purposes is regarded as equivalent to the angle at which the onset of slipping is imminent.
  • the tangent of the angle of repose is the coefficient of static friction.
  • C Nodular chromium, 125 R.M.S. (multi-directional lay tolerance -150 R.M.S.)
  • D Polished Teflon or similar resin coating on smooth metal base.
  • E Teflon or similar resin on pitted metal, after wear
  • F Matte chromium, sharp peaks Surfaces'A and F are prior art compacting surfaces and are not useful in the present invention while surfaces B,
  • Teflon or similar resin surfaces, polished solid resin in surface D and part-resin, part-metal in surface E, have angles of repose-wet which are very low, less than half that of the polished or matte chromium surfaces A and F. It will be noted that the Teflon resin surfaces D and B have lower angles of repose-wet than their angles of repose-dry due to the peculiar characteristics of resins of this general type.
  • the resin surfaces D and E are substantially identical in characteristics reported in the table and either one may be used for the present invention.
  • Surface E is preferred because of its greater durability.
  • Surface E was also tested before being worn down to an extent such as to expose substantial portions of the high spots of the base metal and it exhibited substantially identical characteristics.
  • the surface appearance before wear was quite similar to the polished surface of surface D. Accordingly a Teflon or similar resin coated, blasted or etched, metal base roll may be put into immediate use in the present invention and it eventually will wear into a smooth partresin, part-metal surface of good durability.
  • the convex nodular metal surfaces B and C both have angles of repose-wet which are higher than those of the resin or part resin surfaces but which are nevertheless significantly lower than the prior art compacting surfaces A and F.
  • Surface C with a finish of 125 microinches R.M.S. has a lower angle of repose-wet than the smoother surface B but both are entirely useful for compacting paper at water to fiber ratios of about 3 :1 as well as papers at any lower moisture contents including those employed in the prior art.
  • the upper limit of surface roughness of these convex nodular metal surfaces appears to be established as a practical matter by the belief that the rougher surfaces may have a tendency to mark the paper.
  • the upper limit of 175 microinches R.M.S. has been selected on this basis and rougher surfaces, if they olfer any advantage in special cases, may be used so long as marking does not become objectionable.
  • the use of the low frictional drag surfaces provided by the present invention is not limited to compactors in which the elastomeric element is an endless belt such as the belts 41, 241 and 341 illustrated in the drawings.
  • the elastomeric element consists of a rubber, or equivalent, jacket applied to the nip roll which otherwise corresponds with the nip rolls 43, 243 and 343.
  • the low frictional drag of the hard surfaces gives the advantage of providing improved compacting in the pressure nip at the moisture levels of the prior art while also giving the unique advantage of permitting compacting of paper webs in the pressure nip at much higher moisture contents, for example up to a water to fiber ratio by weight of about 3:1.
  • an important aspect of the invention is that rather than being limited by the moisture content of the web the ability to compact is limited only by the ability to adjust properly the characteristics of the hard surface roll of the compactor.
  • this invention shall be limited to any specific theory it is believed that a substantial amount of original bonding has occurred between fibers and that sufficient voids exist between fibers for inter-fiber movement at the moisture contents at which paper webs typically leave a wet press or the wet press section of a papermaking machine.
  • a machine glazingapparatus and a Yankee drier for machining glazing a web of paper wherein the compacting apparatus includes a pressure nip in which the web of paper is supported by an elastic surface which presses the web against the surface of a hard roll while the web is sliding relative to the surface of the hard roll, said hard roll having: small nodular protuberances on the surface, said protuberances having smoothly rounded convex configurations of a size and spacing that the surface which they form has a Roughness Height R.M.S. with Roughness Width cutoff of about 0.100 inch, of from about 40 to about 175 microinches and wherein said Yankee drier immediately follows said compacting apparatus.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
US618792A 1953-04-03 1967-02-27 Compacting of paper and similar fiber webs Expired - Lifetime US3515633A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT180068T 1953-04-03
US61879267A 1967-02-27 1967-02-27
AT396871A AT318384B (de) 1953-04-03 1968-02-26 Vorrichtung zum Herstellen dehnbarer Papierbahnen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3515633A true US3515633A (en) 1970-06-02

Family

ID=27149732

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US618792A Expired - Lifetime US3515633A (en) 1953-04-03 1967-02-27 Compacting of paper and similar fiber webs

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US3515633A (xx)
JP (1) JPS5137368B1 (xx)
AT (2) AT298969B (xx)
BE (1) BE710640A (xx)
CH (1) CH470534A (xx)
DE (1) DE1611758C3 (xx)
ES (1) ES350980A1 (xx)
FI (1) FI51625C (xx)
FR (1) FR1550049A (xx)
GB (1) GB1185329A (xx)
HU (1) HU162771B (xx)
NL (1) NL6801146A (xx)
NO (1) NO145989C (xx)
SE (1) SE362460B (xx)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003783A (en) * 1973-09-07 1977-01-18 Clupak, Inc. Method for compacting a nonwoven fabric impregnated with a thermoplastic binder
FR2359923A1 (fr) * 1976-07-28 1978-02-24 Clupak Inc Procede de traitement d'articles non tisses
US4741376A (en) * 1983-03-30 1988-05-03 Korsnas Aktiebolag Manufacturing of kraft paper
US5582892A (en) * 1994-04-08 1996-12-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Dimensionally stable particle-loaded PTFE web
US20030173043A1 (en) * 2000-07-10 2003-09-18 Pekka Koivukunnas Method for calendering tissue paper
US20040123966A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2004-07-01 Altman Thomas E. Web smoothness improvement process
WO2006021500A1 (de) * 2004-08-20 2006-03-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Maschine und verfahren zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn mit gesteigertem volumen
US11390999B2 (en) * 2017-02-22 2022-07-19 Giorgio Trani Method and apparatus for producing a web of extensible fibrous material

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022104414A1 (de) 2022-02-24 2023-08-24 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren und Papiermaschine zur Herstellung von einer Sackkraftpapierbahn mit verbesserter Stauchung beim Weitertransport

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2114072A (en) * 1935-05-07 1938-04-12 Ralph E Cleveland Press roll for paper making machines and the method of making same
US2624245A (en) * 1952-06-11 1953-01-06 Cluett Peabody & Co Inc Modified paper and method for its manufacture
US3011545A (en) * 1958-01-20 1961-12-05 Clupak Inc Pressure loading means for traveling blankets
US3290209A (en) * 1963-07-15 1966-12-06 Billeruds Ab Apparatus for compacting a paper web
US3362869A (en) * 1965-01-12 1968-01-09 Clupak Inc Method of forming machine glazed extensible paper

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2114072A (en) * 1935-05-07 1938-04-12 Ralph E Cleveland Press roll for paper making machines and the method of making same
US2624245A (en) * 1952-06-11 1953-01-06 Cluett Peabody & Co Inc Modified paper and method for its manufacture
US3011545A (en) * 1958-01-20 1961-12-05 Clupak Inc Pressure loading means for traveling blankets
US3290209A (en) * 1963-07-15 1966-12-06 Billeruds Ab Apparatus for compacting a paper web
US3362869A (en) * 1965-01-12 1968-01-09 Clupak Inc Method of forming machine glazed extensible paper

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003783A (en) * 1973-09-07 1977-01-18 Clupak, Inc. Method for compacting a nonwoven fabric impregnated with a thermoplastic binder
FR2359923A1 (fr) * 1976-07-28 1978-02-24 Clupak Inc Procede de traitement d'articles non tisses
US4741376A (en) * 1983-03-30 1988-05-03 Korsnas Aktiebolag Manufacturing of kraft paper
US5582892A (en) * 1994-04-08 1996-12-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Dimensionally stable particle-loaded PTFE web
US5669123A (en) * 1994-04-08 1997-09-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making a dimensionally stable particle-loaded PTFE web
US20030173043A1 (en) * 2000-07-10 2003-09-18 Pekka Koivukunnas Method for calendering tissue paper
US6712930B2 (en) * 2000-07-10 2004-03-30 Metso Paper, Inc. Method for calendering tissue paper
US20040123966A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2004-07-01 Altman Thomas E. Web smoothness improvement process
WO2006021500A1 (de) * 2004-08-20 2006-03-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Maschine und verfahren zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn mit gesteigertem volumen
US20070267161A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2007-11-22 Voit Patent Gmbh Machine and Method for the Production of a Web of Fiber Material with an Increased Volume
US11390999B2 (en) * 2017-02-22 2022-07-19 Giorgio Trani Method and apparatus for producing a web of extensible fibrous material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1185329A (en) 1970-03-25
NO145989C (no) 1982-07-07
AT298969B (de) 1972-05-25
BE710640A (xx) 1968-06-17
DE1611758C3 (de) 1974-02-14
JPS5137368B1 (xx) 1976-10-15
NO145989B (no) 1982-03-29
DE1611758A1 (de) 1972-04-06
SE362460B (xx) 1973-12-10
ES350980A1 (es) 1969-06-01
FR1550049A (xx) 1968-12-13
HU162771B (xx) 1973-04-28
CH470534A (de) 1969-03-31
NL6801146A (xx) 1968-08-28
FI51625B (xx) 1976-11-01
DE1611758B2 (de) 1973-08-02
AT318384B (de) 1974-10-10
FI51625C (fi) 1977-02-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3812000A (en) Soft,absorbent,fibrous,sheet material formed by avoiding mechanical compression of the elastomer containing fiber furnished until the sheet is at least 80%dry
US3974025A (en) Absorbent paper having imprinted thereon a semi-twill, fabric knuckle pattern prior to final drying
US3821068A (en) Soft,absorbent,fibrous,sheet material formed by avoiding mechanical compression of the fiber furnish until the sheet is at least 80% dry
US4125659A (en) Patterned creping of fibrous products
CN1118595C (zh) 低密度弹性纸及其生产方法
US4596633A (en) Surface treatment of paper and paperboard
US4483745A (en) Method and apparatus of sheet transfer using a nonporous smooth surfaced belt
RU2303672C2 (ru) Способ повышения гладкости полотна
US2245014A (en) Stretchable paper
JPS63315691A (ja) 伸縮自在な繊維質テープの基礎材料の製造方法，製造装置および製品
US3515633A (en) Compacting of paper and similar fiber webs
US3798121A (en) Wrapped roll press
US2996425A (en) Extensible paper product and process
US3647619A (en) High pressure calendering of a paper web between heated calender rolls having non-resilient surfaces
EP0245250B1 (en) Method of finishing paper utilizing substrata thermal molding
FI58801C (fi) Till en pappersmaskin hoerande sk superkalander
US6190500B1 (en) Multilayer linerboard having improved printing properties and related method of manufacture
US3454463A (en) Methods of making newsprint paper
US3220116A (en) Increasing cross machine direction extensibility of paper webs
CA1089271A (en) Procedure for manufacturing paper, cardboard or another equivalent fibre web possessing stretchability and/or high friction coefficient
GB2052586A (en) Drying paper
EP0586586A1 (en) PRESSING APPARATUS.
IL29126A (en) Compacting of paper and similar fiber webs
US2398843A (en) Apparatus for coating paper
EP0944761B1 (en) Calender provided with an extended nip