US3514519A - Heated transfer vessel for molten metal casting apparatus and method - Google Patents

Heated transfer vessel for molten metal casting apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3514519A
US3514519A US703942A US3514519DA US3514519A US 3514519 A US3514519 A US 3514519A US 703942 A US703942 A US 703942A US 3514519D A US3514519D A US 3514519DA US 3514519 A US3514519 A US 3514519A
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United States
Prior art keywords
molten metal
vessel
transfer vessel
casting apparatus
ladle
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Expired - Lifetime
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US703942A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eberhard G Schempp
Robert J Taylor
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Lectromelt Corp
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Lectromelt Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
    • H05B3/64—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces using ribbon, rod, or wire heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/02—Ohmic resistance heating

Definitions

  • a refractory lined molten metal transfer vessel having at least one upper inlet for receiving molten metal from a ladle and at least one lower nozzle for discharging molten metal into a continuous casting apparatus.
  • Resistance heating means Supplies radiant energy to the vessel and the molten metal, and an inlet for inert gas is provided to minimize oxidation of the molten metal and the resistance heating means.
  • the transfer vessel has one or more nozzles at its lower end for discharging molten metal into one or more generally vertically arranged molds having an upper opening and means for continuously withdrawing the ingot from its lower end.
  • the various handling procedures which occur before the molten metal is cast, include tapping of the furnace, discharging of the metal into a ladle, possible additional metallurgical treatments such as vacuum degassing, transporting the ladle to the casting apparatus, discharge of the metal into the transfer vessel and, finally, the discharge of the metal into the molds.
  • This time lapse between tapping and teeming may result in substantial heat loss in the molten metal.
  • vari-able conditions of the ladle, of the tap, of the transfer, of the slag blanket and added processes result in a wide range of actual temperature losses from heat to heat. In order to insure that such heat losses do not lower the melt temperature below that necessary for successful casting, excessive furnace tapping temperatures were heretofore required.
  • a serious chilling effect may also occur as molten metal is discharged from a ladle into a relatively cold transfer vessel. This is particularly serious since the first portion of molten met-al to enter the tundish is generally at a substantially lower temperature than the bulk of the ladle content. For example, in a ISO-ton ladle the temperature difference 'between the top and bottom layers of molten metal may be as much as 40 F.
  • oxidation may occur in the stream of molten metal falling into the transfer vessel frorn the ladle as well as to the surface of the molten metal as it flows to the various discharge nozzles. This contaminates the metal with hydrogen, oxygen and nonmetallic inclusions and, in addition, seriously shortens the life of the refractory and the transfer vessel.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a con- "ice tinuous casting transfer vessel having means for regulating the melt temperature during -a casting operation.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide means to prevent the chilling of molten metal in a transfer vessel during a continuous casting operation.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide means to prevent oxidation of molten metal in a transfer vessel during a continuous casting operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational View illustrating a continuous casting apparatus incorporating the instant invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of the transfer vessel according to the instant invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan View of the transfer vessel illustrated in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view of the heating rod assernbly of the transfer vessel illustrated in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary View illustrating the heating elements clarnps useable with the transfer vessel according to the invention.
  • a refractory lined molten metal transfer vessel having at least one molten metal inlet and at least one molten metal outlet and means for heating the molten metal and vessel during a continuous casting operation.
  • the invention may also include means for providing an inert gas atmosphere within the vessel.
  • the transfer vessel or tundish 10 is shown to be disposed between a ladle 11 and the mold 12 of the continuous casting apparatus.
  • the ladle 11 is provided with a spout 14 that is normally closed ⁇ by a plug (not shown) which may be operated frorn a remote location by means which are not shown but which are well known in the art
  • the tundish 10 may be generally pear-shaped in vertical section and include a body portion 16 and a cover portion 17.
  • An inlet pipe 18 opens into the cover portion 17 and is disposed in registry with the ladle spout 14, and one or more discharge nozzles or ports 20 open into the lower end of the tundish body 16.
  • the mold 12 of the continuous casting operation Disposed below each of the discharge nozzles 20 and in general registry therewith is the mold 12 of the continuous casting operation.
  • the continuous casting apparatus forms no part of the instant apparatus and, accordingly, Will not be discussed in detail.
  • the mold 12 includes an inlet 21 at it s upper end and means 23 at its lower end for continuously withdrawing the ingot 24.
  • the tundish body 16 is shown to comprise an elongate trough-like body having side walls 28 'which slope gently upwardly from its lower end and comprising an outer metallic shell 29 and an inner refractory lining 31 which may be composed, for example, of MgO or MgO-Cr O mixture.
  • the discharge nozzles 20 are preferably disposed in equispaced relation along the lower end of the tundish body, and each is composed of a zirconia cast refractory which is illustrated as a single member but which may be composed of a plurality of shape members as well.
  • the cover 17 is substantially coextensive with the tundish body 16 comprises a metallic frame 33 for supporting a generally vertical side wall portion 34 and an arched roof 35, each of which is composed of a high alumina cast refractory material.
  • a plurality of equally spaced apart heating assemblies 40 extend transversely across the cover 17 for preheating the tundish and for maintaining or elevating the melt temperature during a casting operation.
  • the heating assemblies 40 are each received through one of a plurality of pairs of aligned openings 42 which are formed transversely in the side wall portion 34 of cover 17 wherein the heating assemblies 40 are supported in a generally parallel relation below the arched roof 35.
  • Each heating assembly 40 may comprise a heating rod 43 extending transversely across the cover 17 beneath the arched roof 35 and which is held in position by a pair of elongate, generally cylindrcal holders 45 which are disposed in general alignment within the apertures 42 and extend outwardly therefrom for engagement by clamp assemblies 46.
  • the rod 43 and the holders 45 may each be composed of graphite and may be joined in any suitable manner such as by an externally threaded graphite nipple member 48 which is received in threaded openings 50 and :51 suitably formed in the ends of the heating rods 43 and the holders 45, respectively.
  • the clamps 46 have a pair of opposed generally arcuate shoes 52 which are sutably held in high pressure engagement with their respective holders 45, and each clamp is suitably connected to bus bars 53 which are in turn connected to a source of electrical energy (not shown).
  • the clamp shoes 52 and the bus bars 53 may be composed of any suitable conductive material, such as Copper, and each may be provided with means to permit the circulation of cooling fluid, such as the tubing 54 within the clamp shoes 52 and the hollow interier of the bus bars 53.
  • the bus bars 53 will be connected to a suitable energy source.
  • the roof 35 may also have one or more apertures 50 which may be provided with a nipple 56 for receiving a Conduit 57 whose other end may be connected to a suitable source of inert gas, such as nitrogen.
  • a suitable source of inert gas such as nitrogen.
  • the heating elements 43 - will be energized prior to the beginning of a casting operation to preheat the inner surface of the refractory lining 31 to' approximately the temperature of the liquid metal to be cast. This prevents chilling of the steel as it is being discharged from the ladle into the tundish through the inlet nozzle 37.
  • the heating assemblies 40 may also remain energized during the casting operation so that the temperature of the molten steel may be maintained at a desired level or even elevated. This insures satisfactory casting and pre- 'vents freezing of the molten metal within the discharge nozzles 20.
  • the molten metal entering the tundish will flow to each end of the tundish body 16 and discharge through each of the nozzles into a mold of the continuous casting apparatus disposed therebelo'w.
  • a final temperature adjustment may be made during the casting operation so that the 'steel temperature may be maintained within the relatively narrow range needed for successful continuous casting, regardless of variations in the ladle, the tap, the transfer, the slag blanket at any intermediate metallurgical processes.
  • the nonreducing nitrogen atmosphere within the tundish cover avoids oxidation of the stream falling into :the tundish and of the surface of the steel fiowing toward the nozzles. This not only prolongs refractory life, but avoids contamination of the steel by hydrogen, oxygen and nonmetallic inclusions.
  • a vessel for transfer-ing molten metal from a ladle to continuous casting apparatus comprising a hollow body portion having an open upper end and a cover portion substantially coextensive with said body portion, said body portion having at least one port for discharging molten metal to said casting apparatus, said cover having at least one port for receiving molten metal from said ladle and radiant electrical heating means supported beneath said cover for preheating said body portion and controlling the temperature of molten metal therein.
  • said radiant heating means comprises at least one graphite heating element extending through an opening in said cover, and clamping means for supporting said graphite heating element and for connecting the same to a source of electrical energy.
  • said entrance port comprising a nozzle extending downwardly from said cover toward said body portion.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US703942A 1968-02-08 1968-02-08 Heated transfer vessel for molten metal casting apparatus and method Expired - Lifetime US3514519A (en)

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US70394268A 1968-02-08 1968-02-08

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US3514519A true US3514519A (en) 1970-05-26

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US (1) US3514519A (me)
DE (1) DE1800388A1 (me)
GB (1) GB1228202A (me)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3887171A (en) * 1973-03-12 1975-06-03 Kloeckner Werke Ag Apparatus for purifying in continuous casting silicon- and/or aluminium-killed steel
US3917241A (en) * 1973-01-15 1975-11-04 Lectromelt Corp Molten metal holding furnace system
US3996412A (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-12-07 Frank W. Schaefer, Inc. Aluminum melting furnace
US5880404A (en) * 1996-06-28 1999-03-09 Advanced Metals Technology Corporation Power transmission support structures
CN115038532A (zh) * 2019-12-13 2022-09-09 费尔有限公司 用于借助于其中构造有熔体容纳空间的熔体容器来浇铸熔体的方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4374278A (en) * 1980-02-28 1983-02-15 Union Carbide Corporation Hydroformylation catalyst reactivation
IT1178173B (it) * 1984-10-25 1987-09-09 Centro Speriment Metallurg Procedimento per la regolazione delle condizioni di colata continua

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2271838A (en) * 1939-11-06 1942-02-03 Dow Chemical Co Electric furnace resistor element
US2682566A (en) * 1954-06-29 Radiation melting furnace
US3273208A (en) * 1963-09-19 1966-09-20 United Eng Foundry Co Interchangeable continuous casting apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2682566A (en) * 1954-06-29 Radiation melting furnace
US2271838A (en) * 1939-11-06 1942-02-03 Dow Chemical Co Electric furnace resistor element
US3273208A (en) * 1963-09-19 1966-09-20 United Eng Foundry Co Interchangeable continuous casting apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917241A (en) * 1973-01-15 1975-11-04 Lectromelt Corp Molten metal holding furnace system
US3887171A (en) * 1973-03-12 1975-06-03 Kloeckner Werke Ag Apparatus for purifying in continuous casting silicon- and/or aluminium-killed steel
US3996412A (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-12-07 Frank W. Schaefer, Inc. Aluminum melting furnace
US5880404A (en) * 1996-06-28 1999-03-09 Advanced Metals Technology Corporation Power transmission support structures
CN115038532A (zh) * 2019-12-13 2022-09-09 费尔有限公司 用于借助于其中构造有熔体容纳空间的熔体容器来浇铸熔体的方法
US11931796B2 (en) 2019-12-13 2024-03-19 Fill Gesellschaft M.B.H. Method for casting a melt by means of a melt container in which a melt receiving space is formed

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1228202A (me) 1971-04-15
DE1800388A1 (de) 1972-03-09

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