US3512572A - Forming a hot top element by forcing slurry through penetrable mold walls - Google Patents

Forming a hot top element by forcing slurry through penetrable mold walls Download PDF

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Publication number
US3512572A
US3512572A US528256A US3512572DA US3512572A US 3512572 A US3512572 A US 3512572A US 528256 A US528256 A US 528256A US 3512572D A US3512572D A US 3512572DA US 3512572 A US3512572 A US 3512572A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mold
wall
hot top
walls
slab
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Expired - Lifetime
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US528256A
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Fredrik Ednell
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Santrade Ltd
Original Assignee
Sandvikens Jernverks AB
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Priority claimed from SE6731/65A external-priority patent/SE302182B/xx
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Assigned to SANTRADE LTD., A CORP. OF SWITZERLAND reassignment SANTRADE LTD., A CORP. OF SWITZERLAND ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SANDVIK AKTIEBOLAG, A CORP. OF SWEDEN
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/44—Fibrous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor
    • B22D7/108—Devices for making or fixing hot tops
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/227—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
    • D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
    • D06M15/41—Phenol-aldehyde or phenol-ketone resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/12—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials
    • D21H5/20—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of organic non-cellulosic fibres too short for spinning, with or without cellulose fibres
    • D21H5/205—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of organic non-cellulosic fibres too short for spinning, with or without cellulose fibres acrylic fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • a hot top for a casting mold is prepared by filling the interior space of a special mold form, having spaced apart walls penetrable by liquid, with a flowable slurry of fine-grained refractory material including a minor amount of an organic binder material in a liquid.
  • Two opposed mold form walls are permeable to the liquid and such liquid is drawn through the permeable walls either by suction or pressure in order to manufacture a hollow hot top wall.
  • the present invention pertains to hot tops and to a method for manufacture of hot tops or similar for casting molds, for example ingot molds, from a composition of materials comprising in the main a refractory fine grained material and a minor quantity of a binder. Additionally the composition contains suitably a minor quantity of an organic finely divided material of for instance fibrous structure and possibly also a minor quantity of refractory fibrous material.
  • hot tops of this kind by mixing the composition with a liquid and then causing it to sedimentate on a penetrable model mold, after which it is dried.
  • the finished hot top attains a firm consistency when the binder hardens and binds the particles of the composition together.
  • the hot top made in this way has a high heat insulation, low bulk weight and low heat capacity.
  • the invention is based on the fact that the sedimentation may occur independently of the influence of the gravity force on the particles in the slurry and can be effected in an arbitrary direction, including laterally or upwardly. It is thus possible to achieve a sedimentation on a model mold having two opposed penetrable mold walls, thereby obtaining a hot top slab with a double wall.
  • the sides of the double wall can be interconnected by transverse connections, which can be obtained by means of penetrable mold elements connecting the said opposed mold walls.
  • FIG. 1 an elevational view of a model mold for making a hot top slab according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 a cross section on the line 2-2 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 the same cross section as in FIG. 2 including a hot top slab manufactured with the model mold.
  • FIG. 4 a cross section of an ingot mold wit-h a hot top slab of the type illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 5-7 cross sections of an ingot mold wall with diiferent embodiments of a hot top slab according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 a perspective view of a feeder according to the invention for use with casting molds.
  • FIG. 9 a cross section of the feeder in FIG. 8.
  • the model mold shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is adapted for manufacture of hot top slabs.
  • the model mold comprises two opposed parallel sides 11 and 12 and intermediate sides 13, 14, 15 and 16.
  • a recess is formed in the side 11, limited by the side 14 and two small sides 17 and 18.
  • All of the said sides are made of a penetrable material, for instance a net, as indicated in FIG. 1 by reference 19.
  • Said net is supported at its outside by a frame construction 20, for instance a grid 20a: or a net having greater openings than the net forming the side surfaces.
  • the mold is divided by a joint 21, in order that the two parts can be separated from each other.
  • conical mold elements For producing supporting connections between the side 'walls of the slab which is cast in the mold there are conical mold elements attached to the mold wall 11 and extending toward the wall 12, said elements also being penetrable.
  • the slab 30 is formed which is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the slab has a double wall section comprising two sides 31 and 32 separated by an intermediate space 33.
  • the model mold is suitably made with penetrable edge sides 13-16 around the edges of the sides 11 and 12, so that the cavity 33 is closed except at the holes in the slab left by the tubes 23.
  • Said tubes can possibly have an oblong section in the longitudinal direction of the mold in order to obtain a more even distribution of the composition.
  • At the mold wall 13 is thus formed an edge side 34 and at the mold Wall 14 an edge side 35 and a projection 36 at the mold sides 17 and 18.
  • At the conical mold elements 22 there are formed conical connections 37 between the sides 31 and 32, which give the slab a higher internal strength against the pressure of cast metal when the slab is used.
  • FIG. 4 is illustrated how the hot top slab 30, shown in FIG. 3, is hung on the wall of an ingot mold 40. It is assumed in this case that the hot top consists of a number of separate slabs which are hung up at the inside of the ingot mold around the upper part thereof.
  • FIG. 5 is shown another embodiment of a hot top 41 hung on an ingot mold 40 by means of suspension means not illustrated as for example books of steel wire.
  • the hot top has in this case a triangular cross section with a vertical wall 42 and an inclined wall 43 which at their lower edges are joined to wedge shape and at their upper ends are joined by a horizontal wall 44.
  • the slab 41 is shown without the conical transverse connections 37, which are illustrated in the slab 30 in FIG. 3, but of course it is possible to have such connections also in the slab 41 if necessary.
  • In the cavity 33 in the slab 30 as well as in the cavity 45 in the slab 41 can be filled an insulating, possibly exothermic material, through the holes 38 and 46 respectively.
  • FIG. 6 shows a hot top slab 50 applied to an ingot mold 40.
  • the two wall portions 51 and 52 are integrally interconnected only at their lower edges by a wall portion 53.
  • the space 54 between the wall portions is open at the upper end and a separate support body is inserted into the space, consisting of a frame 55 holding a number of support pieces 56 abutting against the inside of the wall portions 51 and 52.
  • the support body has the same function as the conical portions 37 in FIG. 3, i.e.
  • FIG. 7 shows a hot slab 60 with a V-shaped cross section.
  • the slab comprises an outer side 61 and an inner side 62, which are joined at their lower edges and diverge upwardly with a space 63 between them.
  • the space 63 is open at the upper end, which can be obtained by pro viding a solid wall and omitting the penetrable mold wall at this part.
  • a support body 64 can be inserted into the space 63, said body being solid or having a powder consistency and possibly consisting of an exothermic material.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show a feeder 70 made according to the invention. It is cylindrical with an annular cross section, the wall comprising an outer wall 71 and an inner Wall 72, between which there are spaces 73. In the illustrated embodiment the spaces 73 are separated by intermediate walls 74, but the latter can possibly be omitted, leaving an uninterrupted annular space. In this case the walls 71 and 72 are held together by the transverse connections at the lower and upper ends of the feeder. The upper end has holes 75 which are formed by the tubes for supply of slurry when manufacturing the feeder.
  • the mold element formed according to the invention consists of a body with a double wall comprising two opposed wall portions. These wall portions are interconnected integrally and in one piece by one or more connections situated between them.
  • the two opposed wall portions can be in the main equally thick, but it may often be advantageous to make the wall portion situated adjacent the cast metal somewhat thicker in order to increase the ability of the wall to resist the pressure from the cast metal. This can be achieved for instance by turning the side of the model mold downwardly at which the thicker wall portion is wanted, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. In this way the gravity force causes a more rapid sedimentation at the lower side of the mold, the layer sedimentating thereon becoming thicker.
  • the thickness of the layer adjacent the cast metal can be l.252.0, preferably 1.4-1.6 times the thickness of the opposite wall portion.
  • the wall portion adjacent the cast metal can' suitably have a thickness of 10-30 mm. in the type of hot top illustrated in FIG. 4. In other embodiments of hot tops the thickness may be greater than the said upper limit.
  • the hot top according to the invention consists essentially of finely divided particles and a binder connecting of binder.
  • a resin glue is suitable
  • the composition of in the hot top can suitably contain a minor quantity of organic particles, for instance of a fibrous structure as finely divided paper pulp or wood pulp, or of a cellular structure as cork.
  • the composition can also advantageously contain particles of a fibrous refractory material as asbestos, glass wool or rock wall.
  • the particles in the composition should have such a size that they can be mixed with a suspending liquid to a slurry and then be caused to sedimentate on a model mold according to the above.
  • the binder should be soluble or mixable in the suspending liquid and should be added to such a concentration that the finished hot top contains the desired quantity and said glue may be synthetic.
  • the formed object After being formed in the model mold by sedimentation of particles of the composition the formed object is removed and dried at a temperature of -200 C., usually l60 C. There is thus no sintering, but the composition is held together by the dried and/or hardened binder. The fibrous material contributes to the cohesion.
  • composition which is suitable for the present purpose can be mentioned a mixture containing 82-94% by weight fine grained refractory mateterial, 39% by weight finely divided organic material of fibrous or cellular structure, 18% by weight binder and possibly a minor quantity, preferably up to 5% by weight of a fibrous refractory material.
  • the invention provides the advantage that the double wall gives the insulating hot top element a very high heat insulation. Also the heat capacity is low. It is possible to add an exothermic material to the hot top element without letting thismaterial come in contact with the cast meal. A further substantial advantage is that all the sides of he hot top element can be exactly shaped with regard to the future use.
  • Method for the manufacture of a hot top element which comprises delivering a slurry of a composition consisting essentially of a major portion of a fine grained refractory material and a minor portion of a binder in a liquid to the interior of a mold having spaced apart walls part of which are situated closer to each other than other parts, which walls are penetrable by said liquid, causing sedimentation of solids of said slurry over the interior surfaces of the mold by creating and maintaining such a higher pressure of slurry within the mold than the ambient atmospheric pressure that sedimentation can occur laterally and upwardly as well as downwardly thereby depositing a hollow structure with spaced apart walls, which partially are integrally interconnected, and drying said structure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
US528256A 1965-02-19 1966-02-17 Forming a hot top element by forcing slurry through penetrable mold walls Expired - Lifetime US3512572A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE214765 1965-02-19
SE6731/65A SE302182B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-05-24 1965-05-24

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US3512572A true US3512572A (en) 1970-05-19

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US (1) US3512572A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT269386B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE676699A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1508945B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1136163A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3645320A (en) * 1970-07-20 1972-02-29 Universal Refractories Corp Apparatus for vacuum forming hot top bottom rings
US3651855A (en) * 1968-02-23 1972-03-28 Henri Jean Daussan Continuous slurry supply method for fabrication of mold linings
US3760865A (en) * 1968-02-23 1973-09-25 H Daussan Apparatus for the fabrication of mold linings such as hot top sections for ingot molds
US3785609A (en) * 1970-10-07 1974-01-15 A Daussan Device for the treatment of ferrous metal ingots which are intended to be removed from molds without hold-up periods
US4042206A (en) * 1972-04-10 1977-08-16 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Monoblock hot tops with aligned fibrous material
US4352482A (en) * 1980-04-07 1982-10-05 Foseco Trading Ag Hot tops
US6446698B1 (en) 2001-03-12 2002-09-10 Howmet Research Corporation Investment casting with exothermic material

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2024077C3 (de) * 1970-05-16 1986-02-13 Karl Heinrich 5830 Schwelm Odermath Feuerfester Formstein für Trichteraufsätze oder -auskleidungen

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1336180A (en) * 1916-12-11 1920-04-06 Allen Bernard James Casting of pottery and other like articles
US3123878A (en) * 1964-03-10 Method of making hot tops for ingot molds
FR1370665A (fr) * 1963-06-20 1964-08-28 Doittau Produits Metallurg Perfectionnement aux éléments pour la réalisation d'édifices dans les lingotières et à leur procédé de fabrication
US3250839A (en) * 1964-06-30 1966-05-10 Hawley Products Co Process for making fibrous articles
US3321171A (en) * 1965-04-26 1967-05-23 Nat Gypsum Co Heat insulation boards
US3460606A (en) * 1965-07-19 1969-08-12 Foseco Int Method of forming a casting mold

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE627980C (de) * 1933-09-07 1936-03-26 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sinterkoerpern, insbesondere Hohlkoerpern, aus schwer schmelzenden Metallen
DE962595C (de) * 1955-03-29 1957-04-25 Heinz Sieprath Giessform fuer Formkoerper, insbesondere aus keramischem Rohmaterial
DE1088669B (de) * 1958-05-23 1960-09-08 Daniel Fredrik Ednell Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formschalen aus feuerfestem oder schwerschmelzbarem Material

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123878A (en) * 1964-03-10 Method of making hot tops for ingot molds
US1336180A (en) * 1916-12-11 1920-04-06 Allen Bernard James Casting of pottery and other like articles
FR1370665A (fr) * 1963-06-20 1964-08-28 Doittau Produits Metallurg Perfectionnement aux éléments pour la réalisation d'édifices dans les lingotières et à leur procédé de fabrication
US3250839A (en) * 1964-06-30 1966-05-10 Hawley Products Co Process for making fibrous articles
US3321171A (en) * 1965-04-26 1967-05-23 Nat Gypsum Co Heat insulation boards
US3460606A (en) * 1965-07-19 1969-08-12 Foseco Int Method of forming a casting mold

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3651855A (en) * 1968-02-23 1972-03-28 Henri Jean Daussan Continuous slurry supply method for fabrication of mold linings
US3760865A (en) * 1968-02-23 1973-09-25 H Daussan Apparatus for the fabrication of mold linings such as hot top sections for ingot molds
US3645320A (en) * 1970-07-20 1972-02-29 Universal Refractories Corp Apparatus for vacuum forming hot top bottom rings
US3785609A (en) * 1970-10-07 1974-01-15 A Daussan Device for the treatment of ferrous metal ingots which are intended to be removed from molds without hold-up periods
US4042206A (en) * 1972-04-10 1977-08-16 Aikoh Co., Ltd. Monoblock hot tops with aligned fibrous material
US4352482A (en) * 1980-04-07 1982-10-05 Foseco Trading Ag Hot tops
US6446698B1 (en) 2001-03-12 2002-09-10 Howmet Research Corporation Investment casting with exothermic material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT269386B (de) 1969-03-10
DE1508945B1 (de) 1970-08-20
BE676699A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-07-18
GB1136163A (en) 1968-12-11

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Owner name: SANTRADE LTD., ALPENQUAI 12, CH-6002, LUCERNE, SWI

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Effective date: 19820908