US3506821A - Tunnel-lighting arrangement - Google Patents

Tunnel-lighting arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3506821A
US3506821A US642814A US3506821DA US3506821A US 3506821 A US3506821 A US 3506821A US 642814 A US642814 A US 642814A US 3506821D A US3506821D A US 3506821DA US 3506821 A US3506821 A US 3506821A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tunnel
lighting
light
photosensitive element
light source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US642814A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pieter Jan Bolhuis
Jozef Cornelis Moerkens
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
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Publication of US3506821A publication Critical patent/US3506821A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/03—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type
    • F21S8/033—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type the surface being a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade
    • F21S8/037—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type the surface being a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade for mounting in a corner, i.e. between adjacent walls or wall and ceiling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • F21V23/0457—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors the sensor sensing the operating status of the lighting device, e.g. to detect failure of a light source or to provide feedback to the device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
    • F21V9/40—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters with provision for controlling spectral properties, e.g. colour, or intensity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/101—Outdoor lighting of tunnels or the like, e.g. under bridges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes

Definitions

  • a tunnel lighting fixture has a closed housing of which one portion is translucent.
  • a photosensitive element is mounted in the housing near the light source to receive light therefrom and is shielded from exterior light.
  • a light filter having variable permeability is positioned between the light source and the photosensitive element, such that by varying the permeability, the amount of light striking the photosensitive element is varied, thereby affecting electric current control means and the light intensity.
  • the invention relates to a tunnel-lighting arrangement comprising a photosensitive element which is arranged in the tunnel, the lighting arrangement comprising at least one substantially closed lighting fitting, the
  • the invention also relates to lighting fittings for such tunnel-lighting arrangements.
  • a substantially closed lighting fitting is to be understood to mean herein a lighting fitting which in its operating condition comprises no or substantially no apertures which it communicates with the tunnel.
  • a lighting fitting is closed, for example, by means of a glass cover which forms part of the wall of the fitting.
  • Supervising the tunnel-lighting is to be understood to mean herein the checking and, if required, changing of the light level in the tunnel.
  • the supervision may be automatic or non-automatic.
  • the electric device cooperating with the photosensiitve element comprises, for example, a photometer which is arranged in a supervision cabin of the tunnel.
  • the electric device may alternatively be an automatically operating device which always adjusts the supply of energy to the light source of the lighting fitting at a desired value.
  • An advantage of the known arrangement is that the supervision of the tunnel-lighting is simple.
  • the photosensitive element is secured with its holder to the wall of the tunnel where it constitutes a projection.
  • Such a discontinuity in the wall of the tunnel presents difiiculties, for example, if for cleaning the interior of the tunnel automatic cleaning lorries are used. When such a lorry passes, the photosensitive element may be damaged or the brushes of the cleaning lorry have to be retracted at the area of the photosensitive element.
  • the luminous decline as a result of the dirtiness of the tunnel fittings is taken into account, the cleaning of the interior of the tunnel is necessary after some time, because otherwise the lighting fittings become too dirty. In this connection it should be realized that a dirty lighting fitting reduces the efliciency of the lighting arrangement.
  • a tunnel-lighting arrangement comprising a photosensitive element arranged in the tunnel, the lighting arrangement being provided with at least one substantially closed lighting fitting, the photosensitive element in the operating condition of the lighting fitting receiving light from a light source in the lighting fitting and being connected to an electric device for supervising the tunnel lighting, is characterized in that the photosensitive element is accommodated in the lighting fitting.
  • the tunnel-lighting arrangement will comprise more than one lighting fitting. It is not necessary that each lighting fitting comprises a photosensitive element. Of course the supervision of the tunnel lighting becomes better and more reliable according as more lighting fittings with photosensitive elements are used.
  • the photosensitive element is connected to an electric device for supervising the tunnel lighting.
  • This electric device is, for example, a meter which is arranged in the supervision cabin of the tunnel.
  • the device may be adjusted, for example, so that the supervisor in charge can read from the positions of the hands of the meter whether the light sources approach their ends of their lives. He can then order in good time the replacements of the light sources by new ones.
  • the arrangement may be constructed so that the supervisor can control the light intensity of the light sources in the tunnel from his cabin, for example, by varying the current intensity through the light sources. For example, in this manner he can readjust the tunnel lighting when the mains voltages decreases. This re-adjustment results from the information he gets from the said meter.
  • the photosensitive element is accommodated in the lighting fitting, so near a light source of the light arrangement, the lighting contribution to this element of other light sources, for example, motor-car headlights, will be small as a rule but in some cases not negligibly small which may be disadvantageous for the supervision.
  • the photosensitive element preferably is wholly or for the greater for part screened from light which originates from the outside the lighting fitting.
  • An advantage hereof is, for example, that, for reading his meter, the supervisor need no longer wait until the tunnel is free from disturbing light sources, for example, motorcar headlights.
  • the electric device connected to the photosensitive element preferably is an automatically operating control device of the tunnel lighting.
  • said lamps which have a high luminous efficiency, the light output as a matter of fact rather depends upon the temperature which, in a non-automatically operating control device, would require very much attention of the supervisor on behalf of the light supervision.
  • the electric control might take place, for example, with a known dimming device having reversely-connected thyristors.
  • the said preferred device may be combined, if desired, with a device which also automatically involves the light level outside the tunnel in the supervision of the lighting level in the tunnel, but this combination is not necessary.
  • an adjustable light filter is preferably arranged between the light source of said fitting and the photosensitive element cooperating with the said light source.
  • Such an adjustable filter is of particular advantage since the distance between the light source and the photosensitive element is comparatively small. For explanation the following may be said.
  • the exposure of the photosensitive element should give a measure of the light level in the tunnel.
  • the exposure of the photosensitive element in the present case very strongly depends upon even small differences in the distance of this element to the light source. In order to hold said distance very constant, very stringent tolerance requirements regarding the arrangement of the photosensitive element with respect to the light source mould have to be imposed. This would be expensive. However, if an adjustable light filter is used this tolerance problem is avoided in a simple manner.
  • the adjustable filter may consist, for example, of a device comprising movable glass strips with different permeabilities.
  • the light filter preferably is constructed as a rotatable disc which consists of parts having different permeabilities.
  • the permeability of the rotatable disc on the surface preferably varies continuously.
  • the desired exposure of the photosensitive element can be very accurately adjusted by means of such a disc.
  • the light-pervious surface of the lighting fitting preferably form part of the surface of the wall of the tunnel.
  • the surface of the wall of the tunnel may be finished entirely smooth and the automatic cleaning of the interior of the tunnel is a particularly simple operation since as a matter of fact the wall of the tunnel comprises no projections or inlets.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a perspective view of a tunnel which is provided with a lighting arrangement according to the invention
  • FIGURE 2 shows a part of a cross-sectional view of the tunnel taken on line AA of FIGURE 1 which plane extends at right angles to the axis of the tunnel and extends through a lighting fitting according to the invention;
  • FIGURE 3 shows on an enlarged scale a few details of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 4 shows an elevation of an adjustable lightpervious filter with supporting member, viewed from the direction B shown in FIGURES 2 and 3;
  • FIGURE 5 is a block-schematic diagram of a tunnellighting arrangement having automatic supewision of the lighting.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes the lanes of a tunnel.
  • This tunnel has substantially smooth concrete walls which are covered with a layer of thin tiles. This holds both for the side walls and for the ceiling.
  • the cross-section of the tunnel is approximately rectangular.
  • Substantially closed lighting fittings 3, 4, 5 and so on, are provided in the left-hand top corner of the tunnel and similar fittings 3, 4' and so on are provided in the righthand top corner.
  • the lighting fitting 5 comprises a photosensitive element.
  • the side of each lighting fitting facing the axis of the tunnel comprises a glass cover, see, for example, the cover glass of the fitting 5 denoted by 6 in FIGURE 2.
  • the lighting fittings 3 and 4 are separated from each other by a concrete part 7 of the wall of the tunnel which is coated with thin tiles.
  • the tiles of the part 7 of the wall and the sides of the cover glasses of the lighting fittings 3 and 4 facing the axis of the tunnel are located in the same plane.
  • Another such concrete part of the wall covered with tiles is between the covers of the lighting fittings 4 and 5 and so on.
  • the part 7 of the wall, in the right-hand top corner of the tunnel is located in the same plane as that of the cover glass of the lighting fittings 3', 4 and so on.
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view through a lefthand top corner of the tunnel shown in FIGURE 1, taken on the plane AA (see FIGURE 1). This plane extends through the lighting fitting 5 at the area of the device 8 (see FIGURE 2) which device comprises a photosensitive element which will be described in greater detail below.
  • the device 8 is accommodated in the lighting fitting 5.
  • 9 is a light source in the lighting fitting 5. It is a low-pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp of approximately 40 watts.
  • a lamp holder of the lamp 9 is denoted by 10.
  • the lighting fitting 5 has approximately a triangular cross-section.
  • the side facing the interior of the tunnel is provided with a cover glass 6.
  • the other sides 11 and 12 of the lighting fitting 5 are secured to the concrete of the tunnel by means of lag bolts 13, 13', 13", 13". 14 denotes a side and 15 the upper side of the interior of the tunnel.
  • the cover glass 6 is secured in holders 16 and 17 of the lighting fitting 5.
  • the lighting fitting On its upper side the lighting fitting comprises an aperture 18 through which electric Wires 19 from the device 8 and possible wires for the supply of the light source 9 are conducted to a cable duct 20 in the upper wall 15 of the tunnel.
  • This cable duct is closed by a cover 21, which is pivotable about the shaft 22 and engages an abutment member 23 while in use.
  • the cover 21 is held in a horizontal position, for example, by means of a snap fastener (not shown).
  • the light source 9 transmits light to the interior of the tunnel (through the cover glass 6). A small part of the light transmitted by the light source 9 impinges upon the photosensitive element of the device 8.
  • FIGURE 3 shows in greater detail the device 8 which is arranged near the light source 9.
  • the device 8 comprises a photosensitive resistor 24 which is secured to a holder consisting of a sheath-like part 25 and a supporting member 26.
  • the axis of the sheath 25 approximately intersects the axis of the light source 9.
  • the part 25 serves for screening light which originates from outside the lighting fitting 5.
  • the strip-like part 26 is secured to the upper side 12 (see FIGURE 2) of the lighting fitting 5, for example, by welding.
  • a disc-shaped light filter 27 (see also FIGURE 4) is secured to the supporting member 26 (see FIGURE 3) by means of a screw 28.
  • a spacing ring 29 is arranged between the supporting member 26 and the filter 27.
  • the electric connections to the photosensitive resistor are denoted by 19.
  • a clip for securing the electric connections 19 to the supporting member 26 is denoted by 30.
  • the length of the light source 9 is well over one metre and the diameter of the disc 27 is approximately cms.
  • This disc 27 has a permeability which depends upon an angle a (see FIGURE 4).
  • a is the angle between a O-line on the filter (see FIGURE 4) and the vertical which extends through the screw 28 downwards (see the dot-anddash line in FIGURE 4).
  • the screw 28 should be unscrewed somewhat and after rotating the disc 27 be screwed tight again.
  • FIGURE 5 diagrammatically denotes the said lighting fitting.
  • the light source 9, the photosensitive resistor and the disc 27 are accommodated in 5.
  • FIGURE 5 further shows in block form a dimming device 31 and a control device 32. These latter devices are supplied from an alternating current main of approximately 220 volts, 50 c./s., namely through the terminals 33 and 34.
  • the dimming device 31 receives current (by means of the connections 35).
  • the control device transmits the information received to the dimming device 31, through the wires 36, so that a new light level of the light source 9 and consequently of the tunnel can be adjusted, if required.
  • control device 32 will adjust the dimming device 31 to a somewhat higher current level so that the light level in the tunnel again increases.
  • the tunnel shows no discontinuities so that cleaning by means of automatic cleaning lorries can be effected smoothly.
  • a light fixture having a light source for connection to a source of electric current and to control means for varying the light intensity of said light source, and comprising:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
US642814A 1966-06-04 1967-06-01 Tunnel-lighting arrangement Expired - Lifetime US3506821A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6607797A NL6607797A (de) 1966-06-04 1966-06-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3506821A true US3506821A (en) 1970-04-14

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ID=19796795

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US642814A Expired - Lifetime US3506821A (en) 1966-06-04 1967-06-01 Tunnel-lighting arrangement

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3506821A (de)
JP (1) JPS503591B1 (de)
AT (1) AT271629B (de)
BE (1) BE699447A (de)
CH (1) CH462749A (de)
DE (1) DE1589250A1 (de)
DK (1) DK121751B (de)
ES (1) ES341300A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1147969A (de)
NL (1) NL6607797A (de)
NO (1) NO119647B (de)
SE (1) SE340258B (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4246629A (en) * 1979-10-15 1981-01-20 Louis Marrero Fluorescent light fixture
US4367517A (en) * 1980-08-24 1983-01-04 Balco, Inc. Illuminated handrail arrangement
US5001611A (en) * 1989-08-11 1991-03-19 The Toro Company Versatile light fixture
US4894758A (en) * 1989-09-05 1990-01-16 Theresa A. Hasty Lighting cover and combination for corner installation
DE102017114222A1 (de) * 2017-06-27 2018-12-27 iTEKTUR UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Beleuchtungseinrichtung

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1788111A (en) * 1928-08-22 1931-01-06 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Street-lighting system
US1905251A (en) * 1931-06-27 1933-04-25 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Self compensating light control
US1981206A (en) * 1932-12-09 1934-11-20 Joseph B Strauss Highway path indicator
US1985044A (en) * 1930-10-06 1934-12-18 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Current control apparatus
US2199394A (en) * 1938-07-22 1940-05-07 Dewan Leon Light control system
US2526828A (en) * 1947-05-01 1950-10-24 Anemostat Corp America Illuminating and ventilating apparatus
US2839672A (en) * 1957-07-29 1958-06-17 Sunbeam Lighting Company Tunnel lighting fixture
US3080491A (en) * 1960-08-10 1963-03-05 Gen Electric Photoelectric controller
US3350556A (en) * 1966-06-28 1967-10-31 Holophane Co Inc Street lighting luminaires
US3379892A (en) * 1965-01-12 1968-04-23 Sigma Instruments Inc Photoelectric controller having a shutter which is angularly movable from outside the enclosure for adjusting sensitivity

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1788111A (en) * 1928-08-22 1931-01-06 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Street-lighting system
US1985044A (en) * 1930-10-06 1934-12-18 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Current control apparatus
US1905251A (en) * 1931-06-27 1933-04-25 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Self compensating light control
US1981206A (en) * 1932-12-09 1934-11-20 Joseph B Strauss Highway path indicator
US2199394A (en) * 1938-07-22 1940-05-07 Dewan Leon Light control system
US2526828A (en) * 1947-05-01 1950-10-24 Anemostat Corp America Illuminating and ventilating apparatus
US2839672A (en) * 1957-07-29 1958-06-17 Sunbeam Lighting Company Tunnel lighting fixture
US3080491A (en) * 1960-08-10 1963-03-05 Gen Electric Photoelectric controller
US3379892A (en) * 1965-01-12 1968-04-23 Sigma Instruments Inc Photoelectric controller having a shutter which is angularly movable from outside the enclosure for adjusting sensitivity
US3350556A (en) * 1966-06-28 1967-10-31 Holophane Co Inc Street lighting luminaires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS503591B1 (de) 1975-02-06
GB1147969A (en) 1969-04-10
BE699447A (de) 1967-12-04
ES341300A1 (es) 1968-07-01
CH462749A (de) 1968-09-30
AT271629B (de) 1969-06-10
SE340258B (de) 1971-11-15
NL6607797A (de) 1967-12-05
DE1589250A1 (de) 1970-03-26
DK121751B (da) 1971-11-29
NO119647B (de) 1970-06-15

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