US3506804A - Devices for heating filaments or treads - Google Patents

Devices for heating filaments or treads Download PDF

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Publication number
US3506804A
US3506804A US621566A US3506804DA US3506804A US 3506804 A US3506804 A US 3506804A US 621566 A US621566 A US 621566A US 3506804D A US3506804D A US 3506804DA US 3506804 A US3506804 A US 3506804A
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United States
Prior art keywords
heating
thread
temperature
length
longitudinally
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Expired - Lifetime
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US621566A
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Schippers
Hans Lohest
Heinz Treptow
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Oerlikon Barmag AG
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Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik AG
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02JFINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J13/00Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
    • D02J13/003Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass by contact with at least one stationary surface, e.g. a plate

Definitions

  • a heating fluid flows through this pipe and heats the surface to increase the temperature in the direction of the thread passage.
  • the temperature course is further influenced by variation of the cross section and/or area of the heating element along the thread passage.
  • This plate consists primarily of two plates such as silver or copper electrodes, which serve as current conductors to and from the electrical heating element. Between them, the specific electrical resistance increases with a higher temperature. These elements have a light Weight, are very expensive and work very sluggishly, and therefore do not eliminate the danger of a local overheating or cooling.
  • the basic objective of the invention herein is to provide an electrical heating device with an instantly heated, heat transfer surface with more uniform surface temperature in the direction of the thread passage so that the desired temperature is obtained over substantially the entire length of the heating erea and within the tolerable temperature variations. This is achieved by variable heat generation in individual areas of the heating element by change of the electrical resistance in these areas.
  • the transverse cross section of the electrical resistance element along the longitudinal axis changes in the different areas of the heating body in such a way that the actual temperature course is independent of externally influenced heat losses and is held nearly constant over the length of the thread passage or follows another predetermined course.
  • the transverse cross section of the heat generating resistor element therefore, has to be smaller in areas where a higher heat energy input is required.
  • Equation 3 should contain the sum of the individual values R +R +R instead of just R, where x represents the number of cross sections of the heating elements.
  • a voltage drop occurs in the individual cross sections of the elements; this is identified by AU AU AU the sum of all AU is equal to the applied voltage U.
  • the three equations mentioned above are also valid for the individual cross section of the heating element and (3) can be written in the form:
  • a cross section change and therefore electrical resistance change at the place x of the heating element can therefore change the heating output at this place.
  • an increase in the resistance R also increases the total 'resistance R. So the current I according to Equation 1 has to decrease and the heating output W according to (2) decreases, a constant voltage U being assumed.
  • a cross sectional change at one place of the heating element therefore effects the entire temperature course over the length of the heating element. Accordingly, a control resistor has to be connected in parallel for the adjustment of the current, or in series connection for the adjustment of the total voltage U when a certain level and course of the temperature is to be adjusted to suit a certain heating curve.
  • a machine such as a stretch twisting machine or a crimping machine consists of a number of different working stations and has as many heating elements so that equal working conditions can be adjusted at all stations.
  • the above mentioned concepts relate, as stated, to direct current but can be applied to alternating current.
  • Heating elements are usually made of sheet metal of 0.1 to 1 mm. thickness and they are mounted on brackets which are shaped to suit the elements.
  • the bracket is insulated against current passage or is made of an insulating material itself.
  • a bent heating rail can for example be made of thin steel sheet metal which can be bonded to a correspondingly curved surface of an aluminum bracket of severalcentimeters in thickness and which can be insulated against current passage by application of a fine anodized layer. It is also possible to mount the heating rail in heat proof fire brick material, in such a case the support has not only the purpose of support for the thin heating element but also, if heated by the element, will equalize additional large temperature differences of small heating length increments. Such temperature differences occur at sudden cross section changes on the heating element.
  • the support provides a smoothening effect upon the course of the temperature curve.
  • the invention herein embodies heating elements of relatively high electrical resistance, which elements become heated upon passage of electric current therethrough.
  • the surface temperature along the entire length of the elongated heating elements is made more uniform or is varied within relative uniform limits with the requirements of the thread heat treatment by the variation of the transverse cross section of the heating elements, particularly at opposite ends thereof.
  • This cross section change can be obtained by a change in width and/or thickness of the resistor element, or by machining, e.g., drilling 'holes in its area.
  • Another possible cross section change may be effected by the arrangement of additional current conducting joints between the individual areas of the electrical resistor element.
  • the invention can also be used in so-called multiple systems where, for example, two like curved heating surfaces are opposite one another with their concave sides" in opposition. They may both have the same or different temperatures or the same or different transverse cross sectional changes. It is also possible to arrange a pulley at the entry and exit end of the plate pair. One or both pulleys can be driven and both of their circumferences may be partially covered by the plates. It is of advantage to arrange the plates on, or with their support members on, a swivel and use them as winders feeler and shut off means.
  • the described devices can also be of a design that does not have current flow directly through the heating element, but utilize eddy currents to do the required heating.
  • the heating element may be enclosed within a housing.
  • This housing can comprise an entrant slot for the thread.
  • the heating element can be equipped with a thread guiding device which determines the passage of the thread and even possibly keeps it at a certain distance from the heating surface.
  • FIG. is a front elevation of another embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevation of a further embodiment.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8, respectively, are perspective views of additional embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is a side elevation of a thread heating unit with two opposed heating plates.
  • FIG. 1 shows a known, elongated, longitudinally curved heating plate 10 in a front View.
  • the thread l'lll'lS thereover in the direction of the arrow and is shown in a dashdot-dash line.
  • FIG. 2 shows the temperature curve of a heating length of a device like that in FIG. 1, the thread running from the bottom to the top.
  • the desired temperature is indicated in the diagram as a straight line.
  • the actual temperature course is shown in a curved line, and approaches the desired course in the center portion only so that a considerable part of the heating length is unused or ineffective.
  • Corresponding equally unfavorable heating area temperatures can be observed with flat or tubelike heating elements.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show an embodiment of this invention.
  • the longitudinally curved heating plate 12 is heated by an electric current that passes directly through the plate and has an electrical resistance that changes with an increasing or decreasing cross section along the path of the thread, so that the actual temperature course along the path of the thread corresponds about to the desired value of FIG. 2.
  • the cross sectional change is here by increase or decrease of the plate width only. Such change is effected by the tapered, lower segment 13 and the shorter, tapered, upper segment 11.
  • Such a cross sectional change can also be facilitated by holes 14 in the edge of the heating plate 15, as iS shown in FIG. 5. Otherwise the plate 15 has a rectangular shape and is longitudinally curved. The distance between the bores increases with the direction of the thread movement thereacross in the lower segment 16 and then decreases in the upper segment 17.
  • the required cross sectional change can also be effected by solid joinder with one or several current conducting plates 18, on a heating plate 19. This design is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the heating body may also consist of a tube 20, which optionally may have a longitudinal slot 21 for insertion or removal of the thread, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the tube 20 may be bent longitudinally to provide a curved contact area.
  • the heating element of this design often has a favorable chimney effect.
  • the heating element 22 comprises a very thin steel sheet 23 of a 0.1 to 0.3 mm. thickness.
  • the cross sectional change according to this invention is done by change in width of sheet 23.
  • the sheet 23 is bonded on a support member 24 of aluminum or another material.
  • the support member 24 is insulated against the heating element 22 by an anodized layer 32 in order to prevent a current passage through the member 24.
  • FIG. 9 shows a double heating plate system.
  • the two longitudinally curved heating plates 25 and 26 oppose one another with their convex sides facing outwardly and are mounted on a support arm 27.
  • the support arm 27 is mounted on a shaft 28 so it can swivel.
  • the pair of plates 25, 26 cover the directional pulleys 29 and 30 to some extent with a narrow spacing.
  • One or both pulleys can be driven.
  • the support arm 27 is so arranged that it may be pushed out of its operational position and trips a micro switch 31 which shuts the drive oif.
  • the support arm 27 is held by the spring 33 and the stop 34 to assure the operational position.
  • the thread T passes longitudinally across the longitudinally convex surface of the thread-heating elements shown in FIGURES 3-8. Contact between the heated surface and the thread passing thereover is maintained by passing the thread through suitable guide means such as thread guide eyes 35 and 36 located at opposite longitudinal ends of the heating elements.
  • the devices according to this invention are not only useful for heat treatment of synthetic polymer fibers, but also for use with threadlike products, for their stretching and texturing, such as threads of thermoplastic materials which are called strings, multiple component strips, hollow threads, etc.
  • a device for the heating of filaments, thread or thread-like articles which comprises an elongated electrical resistance element having longitudinally bowed, convex thread-contacting surface, electrical connections at opposite longitudinal ends thereof for passing current through said element, means for guiding a filament in longitudinal passage across said convex surface with said filament in contact with said surface, and said element having a transverse cross section varying along the length of said element to provide changes in electrical resistance in said element along its length in the direction of the thread running thereover in the following sequence: first, a decreasing resistance, then a constant resistance, and then an increasing resistance; thereby providing control of the temperature of said surface compensating for uneven external heat losses from said element and also providing a substantially constant or predetermined variable temperature of said surface along its length.
  • heating element is a longitudinally bowed plate of high electrical resistance, said plate tapering from its longitudinal midportion toward opposite longitudinal ends thereof.
  • a device as claimed in claim 1 said element being a longitudinally bowed plate of high electrical resistance with plurality of holes at predetermined spacings along opposite longitudinal edges thereof to effect said varying transverse cross section.
  • said element is an elongated, longitudinally bowed plate of high electrical resistance having at least one longitudinally bowed plate of shorter length secured to the undersurface of the longitudinal midportion of said first mentioned plate in electrical-conducting contact with said first mentioned plate.
  • said electrical resistance element being a thin sheet of metal of a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm., and a support member supporting said sheet of metal in heat and electrical insulating relationship therewith.
  • a device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said element is a longitudinally bowed tube with a longitudinal slot therein extending from end to end of said tube.
  • a device as claimed in claim 1 a pair of said longitudinally bowed heating elements being supported on a common support member with the respective longitudinally convex, thread-contacting surfaces thereof facing oppositely outwardly, a rotatable, filament guiding pulley between each respective end of said pair of elements, and the longitudinal ends of said elements extending partially over said pulleys.
  • a device as claimed in claim 1 a pair of said 1ongitudinally bowed heating elements being supported on a common support member with the respective longitudinally convex, thread-contacting surfaces thereof facing oppositely outwardly, a rotatable, filament guiding pulley between each respectiveend of said pair of elements, the longitudinal ends of said elements extending partially over said pulleys, means mounting said support for swivel movement, and electrical switch means operable by swiveling of said support.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
US621566A 1966-03-14 1967-03-08 Devices for heating filaments or treads Expired - Lifetime US3506804A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB0086192 1966-03-14

Publications (1)

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US3506804A true US3506804A (en) 1970-04-14

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ID=6983262

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US621566A Expired - Lifetime US3506804A (en) 1966-03-14 1967-03-08 Devices for heating filaments or treads

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US (1) US3506804A (es)
JP (1) JPS4940004B1 (es)
BE (1) BE694032A (es)
CH (1) CH450614A (es)
DE (1) DE1735003C3 (es)
ES (1) ES336900A1 (es)
FR (1) FR1516505A (es)
GB (1) GB1173499A (es)
LU (1) LU52902A1 (es)
NL (1) NL6702102A (es)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3621201A (en) * 1969-04-24 1971-11-16 Magnavox Co Developer apparatus for heat developing paper
US3826896A (en) * 1973-07-09 1974-07-30 Xerox Corp Dry film developing apparatus
US4056823A (en) * 1976-12-03 1977-11-01 Xerox Corporation Analog chart recorder employing thermal printing means
US4056822A (en) * 1976-12-03 1977-11-01 Xerox Corporation Low profile single channel thermal analog recorder
US4295033A (en) * 1977-06-20 1981-10-13 Bulten-Kanthal Aktiebolag Annealing oven
US5028295A (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-07-02 Cracchiolo Jerome S Carpet seaming iron with ultra thin guide strut and improved heat control
US5138829A (en) * 1990-02-10 1992-08-18 Teijin Seiki Co., Ltd. Apparatus for heat treating a synthetic yarn
US5285244A (en) * 1990-10-29 1994-02-08 Olin Hunt Specialty Products, Inc. Electrostatic color printing system utilizing an image transfer belt
US5404705A (en) * 1992-07-24 1995-04-11 Teijin Seiki Co., Ltd. Apparatus for heat treating a synthetic yarn during false-twist texturing
EP4253620A1 (en) * 2022-03-28 2023-10-04 TMT Machinery, Inc. Yarn heater

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2596327A (en) * 1949-07-19 1952-05-13 Shell Dev Electric heater
US2780047A (en) * 1954-09-22 1957-02-05 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Apparatus for producing curled yarn
US3336558A (en) * 1964-12-10 1967-08-15 Beckman Instruments Inc Non-linear resistance element
US3382555A (en) * 1965-10-27 1968-05-14 Du Pont Yarn heater

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2596327A (en) * 1949-07-19 1952-05-13 Shell Dev Electric heater
US2780047A (en) * 1954-09-22 1957-02-05 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Apparatus for producing curled yarn
US3336558A (en) * 1964-12-10 1967-08-15 Beckman Instruments Inc Non-linear resistance element
US3382555A (en) * 1965-10-27 1968-05-14 Du Pont Yarn heater

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3621201A (en) * 1969-04-24 1971-11-16 Magnavox Co Developer apparatus for heat developing paper
US3826896A (en) * 1973-07-09 1974-07-30 Xerox Corp Dry film developing apparatus
US4056823A (en) * 1976-12-03 1977-11-01 Xerox Corporation Analog chart recorder employing thermal printing means
US4056822A (en) * 1976-12-03 1977-11-01 Xerox Corporation Low profile single channel thermal analog recorder
US4295033A (en) * 1977-06-20 1981-10-13 Bulten-Kanthal Aktiebolag Annealing oven
US5028295A (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-07-02 Cracchiolo Jerome S Carpet seaming iron with ultra thin guide strut and improved heat control
US5138829A (en) * 1990-02-10 1992-08-18 Teijin Seiki Co., Ltd. Apparatus for heat treating a synthetic yarn
US5353583A (en) * 1990-02-10 1994-10-11 Teijin Seiki Co., Ltd. Apparatus for heat treating synthetic yarn
US5285244A (en) * 1990-10-29 1994-02-08 Olin Hunt Specialty Products, Inc. Electrostatic color printing system utilizing an image transfer belt
US5404705A (en) * 1992-07-24 1995-04-11 Teijin Seiki Co., Ltd. Apparatus for heat treating a synthetic yarn during false-twist texturing
US5528893A (en) * 1992-07-24 1996-06-25 Teijin Seiki Co. Ltd. Method for heat treating a synthetic yarn during false-twist texturing and a method for rethreading a yarn
EP4253620A1 (en) * 2022-03-28 2023-10-04 TMT Machinery, Inc. Yarn heater

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU52902A1 (es) 1967-03-30
DE1735003A1 (de) 1971-05-06
NL6702102A (es) 1967-09-15
GB1173499A (en) 1969-12-10
DE1735003C3 (de) 1975-11-06
JPS4940004B1 (es) 1974-10-30
DE1735003B2 (de) 1975-03-20
BE694032A (es) 1967-07-17
ES336900A1 (es) 1968-01-16
CH450614A (de) 1968-01-31
FR1516505A (fr) 1968-03-08

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