US3500108A - Electron-beam tube for frequency multiplication - Google Patents

Electron-beam tube for frequency multiplication Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3500108A
US3500108A US664033A US3500108DA US3500108A US 3500108 A US3500108 A US 3500108A US 664033 A US664033 A US 664033A US 3500108D A US3500108D A US 3500108DA US 3500108 A US3500108 A US 3500108A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
multipole
electron
wave
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US664033A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Poeschl
Werner Veith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DES81874A external-priority patent/DE1298647B/de
Application filed by Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3500108A publication Critical patent/US3500108A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/49—Tubes using the parametric principle, e.g. for parametric amplification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electron-beam tube for frequency multiplication with a longitudinal magnetic field, wherein an electron beam emanating from beam-generating system passes successively through a coupling system, a multiplying system, and a coupling system, in which the coupling system is designed as a synchronous wave coupler and the multiplying system is a multipole comprising at least six rectilinear electrodes extending parallel to the axis of the magnetic field, which are symmetrically arranged around the magnetic field axis in circumferential direction of the multipole and alternately loaded, according to the specific arrangement, with equal electrical potentials of opposite polarity.
  • the power of the harmonic waves exceeds that of the fundamental as determined by the product of the fre quency and the square of the amplitude of the specific synchronous wave.
  • the power of the harmonic wave with quintupled frequency at a cyclotron transit angle of 211' already amounts to 2.5 times the power which the fundamental wave had upon entering the eight-pole.
  • the frequency multiplication achieved in an electronbeam tube according to the invention is based on the creation of synchronous waves of positive and negative energy. Since these synchronous waves are independent of the cyclotron frequency and, therefore, of the longitudinal field, the increase in the magnetic field strength within the field of the multipole proposed in the invention does not interfere with the described frequency multiplication function.
  • the deflection of the electrons in the multipole can be controlled by an increase in the magnetic field, which can preferably be linear.
  • the point of discontinuity, occurring when the harmonic waves increase in a tube according to the known principle can be excluded, based upon the fact that the electrons reaching the space between the individual multipole electrodes are exposed to very strong electrical fields, which can tear the electron beam apart in an uncontrollable manner.
  • harmonic waves also are obtained which increase in power.
  • the tube can readily be operated in a stable manner, because the deflection of the electrons increases more slowly than in a tube without an increase in the magnetic field within the multipole. More electrons thereby travel along the length of the multipole toward the beam axis, as well as inwardly, than in a constant magnetic field. Accordingly, the core of the trajectory cross section increasingly contracts in the rising magnetic field, resulting at least partially, in an increase of both the fundamental wave and the harmonic waves.
  • the rise in the magnetic field of a frequency-multiplying tube according to the invention can be so produced that the extreme deflection of the electrons in the multipole remains constant. This occurs, with a linear rise of the magnetic field, when the magnetic field along a cyclotron wave length, relative to the initial value of the magnetic field, increases by about 1.26 times the initial value.
  • the electron beam entering the multipole is modulated with a single synchronous wave, namely with a synchronous wave of positive energy.
  • the electron beam in a further development of the invention can simultaneously carry a synchronous wave of negative energy as well as the synchronous wave of positive energy.
  • the electrons are not circularly distributed, but deflected in a plane from the beam axis.
  • the concept of feeding both synchronous waves, instead of one single synchronous wave, into the multipole requires, in particular, the adaptation of a frequency-multiplying tube to practical necessities.
  • the modulation of an electron beam with two synchronous waves fundamentally can be realized with simpler means than the generation of a single synchronous wave and, in addition, has the advantage that it is achieved without a power loss.
  • the coupling system preferably can be r coupler in the form of two helical or meandering lines facing one another and disposed parallel to the axis of the magnetic field, for example, as is known from US. Patent 5,218,503.
  • the power output of an electron-beam tube according :o the invention depends on the modulation strength of the electron beam upon entering the multipole. This means :hat, in the case of a single synchronous wave, it must be :oupled with as much power as possible, while in a linear ieflection of the beam electrons (coupling of both syn- :hronous waves) the electron beam, to be sure, does not :arry high-frequency energy, but the electrons, neverthe- Less, are supposed to be strongly deflected.
  • the electron-beam tube according to the invention can serve to generate a signal of very high frequency, wheren the high-frequency power can normally fall between a milliwatt and a watt.
  • an electron seam tube according to the invention can advantageously 3e employed as a high-power tube to replace magnetrons, wherein great importance is attached to high frequency ttability.
  • the frequency precision of modern magnetron ;ubes varies between 10- to 10-
  • a higher Frequency stability is required. This requirement can be net by an electron-beam tube according to the present nvention by feeding the coupling system from a suitable )scillator of very high frequency stability, e.g.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the structure )f an electron-beam tube according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 oriented with FIG. 1, illustrates the pattern of he field strength of a longitudinal magnetic field B
  • FIG. 3 is a chart illustrating the power of respective synchronous waves with respect to that of the fundamental Nave;
  • FIG. 4 is a chart similar to FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic perspective view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • the coupling system of the :ube is designated by the reference numeral 1, into which 1 high-frequency signal m is fed.
  • the coupling system 1 forms a coupler for the rapid cyclotron wave so that the electron beam 3 emanating from the beam-generating sy m 2 s, after leavi g thescup i s ys em 1, mq at d with a cyclotron wave of positive energy.
  • the cyclotron wave in the electron beam is subsequently converted in known manner into a synchronous wave by a reversal of the longitudinal magnetic field B
  • the electron beam thus modulated with a synchronous wave of the frequency ca then passes through a multipole 4 comprising of an even number of at least six rectilinear electrodes disposed parallel to the axis of the magnetic field which are symmetrically arranged around the axis of the magnetic field in circumferential direction of the multipole and alternately loaded, according to the specific arrangement, with electrical potentials of equal magnitude and opposite polarity.
  • the longitudinal magnetic field B is to increase progressively from an initial value B (FIG. 2), particularly in linear relation.
  • a reversion of the magnetic field B reoccurs, so that the electron beam again carries a cyclotron-wave modulation upon entering the decoupling system 5, which coupling system is thereby synchronized with one of the frequencies (n-.l)w (2lZ-1)w (n+l)w etc. with n being equal to half the number of poles of the multipole 4.
  • n being equal to half the number of poles of the multipole 4.
  • the total power carried by the electron beam remains constant, as the sum of the individual powers of the synchronous waves occuring in each case is always equal to the injected power, taking into consideration their sign (plus or minus).
  • the path of the chronological succession of electrons describes, in planes at right angles to the axis of the multipole 4, a star with n-tips or points. To being with, the electrons which are deflected the farthest points of the star proceed close to each second of the center planes of the zero potential disposed between the positive and negative electrodes. While in a magnetic field which is constant along the length of the multipole 4, the electrons located at the points of the star-wave rapidly forward and are difficult to control, which deflection is restricted by a rise in the magnetic field, as illustrated in FIG. 2. In this case also, the succession of beam electrons again forms stars with n points in diagonal planes, wherein, however, the distance of the star points from the beam axis increases only slowly, which indicates that a stable operation of the frequency multiplier is achieved.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the power of the respective synchronous waves with the i-fold fundamental frequency relative to that of the injected fundamental wave in an eight-pole response to the transit angle 0, when the magnetic field along a cyclotron Wave length relative to the initial value B in each case increases by 0.64 times the initial value B It is thereby assumed that the value K indicated in Equation 15 in initially mentioned article in Records of Electrical Transmission, 1963, pp. 345-350, is 0.1.
  • the succession of electrons within the multipole forms stars with n-points in planes diagonal to the axis of the multipole.
  • 4-pointed stars are formed.
  • the points of the star-like beam cross section remain on the same radius along the length of the multipole. This is of importance if it is desired that the electron beam be conducted very closely past the electrodes of the multiple. Retention of the points of the star formed by the chronological succession of electrons is not achieved until the magnetic field per cyclotron wave length A is increased by 1.25 times the initial value B FIG.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the positions of the electrons, obtained through calculation, in the diagonal plances of the cyclotron transit angle 0:11 and 0:811- in the eight-pole, wherein again K is assumed to be equal to 0.1.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a particularly advantageous practical embodiment of an electron-beam tube according to the invention.
  • the coupling system 11 of the tube here comprises two parallel delay lines facing each other comprising, for example, two helical lines 9 of rectangular cross section. Between the helical lines 9, an electrical alternating field directed at right angles to the axis of the magnetic field is to expand in delayed fashion.
  • the electron beam 13 is modulated simultaneously with the rapid as well as with the slow synchronous wave of the frequency of the alternating field. This is tantamount to saying that the electrons of the electron beam 13 are linearly'deflected from the beam axis, i.e.
  • Such a quadrupole amplifies in known manner (again without power loss) both synchronous waves of positive and negative energy, which amounts to an increase in the linear deflection of the beam electrons.
  • a frequency multiplication thus occurs in the eight-pole 14 of the injected syinchronous waves with simultaneous conversion gain.
  • the increase in the magnetic field assumed along the length of the eight-pole 14 prevents an uncontrollable expansion of the beam cross section which takes the shape of the cross section designated by the reference numeral 16 under the effect of the increasing magnetic field strength and of the eight-pole field strength.
  • the decoupling system 15, in accordance with FIG. 1, again is preferably a cyclotron wave couple-r, since synchronous waves of positive and negative energy cannot readily be decoupled. Therefore, in order to convert synchronous waves into cyclotron waves, the magnetic field in this case also reverses its direction between the eightpole 14 and the recoupling system 15.
  • the decoupling system 15 advantageously can be a coupling element for a rapid cyclotron wave of positive dispersion.
  • such a coupling element is constructed as a hollow conductor 18, having four rows of teeth 19 which are staggered with respect to one another by and whose free ends are positioned on a helical coaxially enclosing the axis of the electron beam 13.
  • An electron-beam tube for frequency multiplication with a longitudinal magnetic field wherein an electron beam emanating from a beam-generating system passes successively through a coupling system, a multiplier system, and a decoupling system
  • the coupling system comprises a synchronous wave coupler
  • the multiplier system is a multipole comprising at least six rectilinear electrodes extending parallel to the axis of the mag netic field, which electrodes are symmetrically arranged around the axis of the magnetic field and alternately loaded in circumferential direction of the multipole, according to the arrangement, with equal electrical potentials of opposite polarity, the longitudinal magnetic field being so arranged that it increases progressively and con stantly along the length of the multipole from a magnitude existing at the end of the multipole facing the beamgenerating system.
  • An electron-beam tube according to claim 1, wherein said multipole has eight poles and the magnetic field is so arranged that it increases linearly with respect to the initial value of the magnetic field in the multipole along a cyclotron wave length by, 0.6 to 1.3 of such initial value.
  • the coupling system comprises two delay lines facing each other and extending parallel to the axis of the magnetic field which, cooperably and synchronously with the speed of the electron beam, carry an alternating electrical field diagonally directed relative to the axis of the magnetic field, whereby the electron beam undergoes a modulation with the rapid as well as with the slow synchronous wave.
  • each delay line comprises a conductor extending in meander-like fashion.
  • An electron-beam tube according to claim 4, wherein a quadrupole, having rectilinearly extending electrodes is disposed between the coupling system and the multiplying system for amplifying the amplitudes of the rapid and the slow synchronous wave.
  • An electron-beam tube according to claim 1 for use References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 8/1962 Kompfner 3304.7 6/1963 Wade 3153 8 3,218,503 11/1965 Adler 3153 3,227,959 1/1966 Kliner 315-393 3,373,309 3/1968 Poschl et a1. 3153 ELI LIEBERMAN, Primary Examiner SAXFIELD CHATMON, JR., Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

Landscapes

  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US664033A 1962-10-03 1967-08-29 Electron-beam tube for frequency multiplication Expired - Lifetime US3500108A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES81874A DE1298647B (de) 1962-10-03 1962-10-03 Elektronenstrahlroehre zur Frequenzvervielfachung
DES0105618 1966-08-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3500108A true US3500108A (en) 1970-03-10

Family

ID=7526728

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US664033A Expired - Lifetime US3500108A (en) 1962-10-03 1967-08-29 Electron-beam tube for frequency multiplication

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3500108A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1541054A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR93163E (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1192983A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6709224A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4392080A (en) * 1980-05-23 1983-07-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Means and method for the focusing and acceleration of parallel beams of charged particles
RU229203U1 (ru) * 2024-08-15 2024-09-26 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет" (НИУ "БелГУ") Устройство для управляемого увеличения плотности тока пучка заряженных частиц с помощью диэлектрических сужающихся каналов

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3051911A (en) * 1960-12-21 1962-08-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Broadband cyclotron wave parametric amplifier
US3094643A (en) * 1959-10-01 1963-06-18 Zenith Radio Corp Frequency multiplier and wave signal generator
US3218503A (en) * 1962-06-27 1965-11-16 Zenith Radio Corp Electron beam devices
US3227959A (en) * 1960-05-13 1966-01-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Crossed fields electron beam parametric amplifier
US3373309A (en) * 1962-10-03 1968-03-12 Siemens Ag Electron beam tube for frequency multiplication

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3094643A (en) * 1959-10-01 1963-06-18 Zenith Radio Corp Frequency multiplier and wave signal generator
US3227959A (en) * 1960-05-13 1966-01-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Crossed fields electron beam parametric amplifier
US3051911A (en) * 1960-12-21 1962-08-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Broadband cyclotron wave parametric amplifier
US3218503A (en) * 1962-06-27 1965-11-16 Zenith Radio Corp Electron beam devices
US3373309A (en) * 1962-10-03 1968-03-12 Siemens Ag Electron beam tube for frequency multiplication

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4392080A (en) * 1980-05-23 1983-07-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Means and method for the focusing and acceleration of parallel beams of charged particles
RU229203U1 (ru) * 2024-08-15 2024-09-26 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет" (НИУ "БелГУ") Устройство для управляемого увеличения плотности тока пучка заряженных частиц с помощью диэлектрических сужающихся каналов

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1541054A1 (de) 1969-08-28
FR93163E (fr) 1969-02-21
NL6709224A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-03-01
GB1192983A (en) 1970-05-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2222899A (en) Frequency multiplier
US2600509A (en) Traveling wave tube
US2726291A (en) Traveling wave tube
US2849643A (en) Double beam electron discharge tube
US2650956A (en) Amplifier utilizing deflection of an electron beam
US2323613A (en) Ultra high frequency generator
US4263566A (en) Backward wave oscillator tube utilizing successive delay line sections for increased power
US3500108A (en) Electron-beam tube for frequency multiplication
US2454094A (en) Electron discharge device for producing electric oscillations
US2197338A (en) Electromagnetic microwave system
Jerby et al. Cyclotron-resonance-maser arrays
US3462636A (en) System for the conversion of microwave energy into electric direct current energy utilizing an electron beam tube
US3252104A (en) D.c. quadrupole structure for parametric amplifier
US3373309A (en) Electron beam tube for frequency multiplication
US4004179A (en) Slow wave circuit having serially connected contrawound two-turn helices
US3885193A (en) Microwave electron discharge device
US2307693A (en) Frequency multiplier
US3090925A (en) Parametric amplifier
US2758244A (en) Electron beam tubes
US3573540A (en) Microwave traveling wave device with electronically switched interaction characteristics
US3233182A (en) Parametric electronic signal amplifying methods and apparatus
US3054964A (en) Low noise electron beam amplifier with low pump frequency
US3449678A (en) Parametric amplifier
US3390301A (en) Cavity resonator having alternate apertured drift tubes connected to opposite end walls
US3289030A (en) Electron tube with apertured interdigital delay line, adjacent apertures being of different size and at different voltages