US3498544A - Oil fuel burning apparatus - Google Patents

Oil fuel burning apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3498544A
US3498544A US672594A US67259467A US3498544A US 3498544 A US3498544 A US 3498544A US 672594 A US672594 A US 672594A US 67259467 A US67259467 A US 67259467A US 3498544 A US3498544 A US 3498544A
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United States
Prior art keywords
head
jet
fuel
burner
fluid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US672594A
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English (en)
Inventor
John Philip Dabbs Hakluytt
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National Research Development Corp UK
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Nat Res Dev
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/105—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion

Definitions

  • a head for a fuel oil spray burner in which fuel oil is atomised by a second fluid such as steam is arranged with at least one fuel jet fed from a fuel supply passage, the atomising fluid, preferably steam, being introduced to the fueljet through a passage in the form of an annular chamber formed in the head, the two fluids being mixed before ejection from the head in a mixing chamber at an outer portion of the, or each, jet passage.
  • a plurality of jets are provided these are preferably symmetrically arranged around the axis of the head and the annular chamber is common to all the jets which may be arranged to be generally convergent or divergent or to impinge upon one another.
  • This invention relates to oil fuel burners and more particularly to jet spray burners in which liquid fuel is atomised by the use of a second fluid.
  • a two-fluid atomiser involves the introduction of separate fluids to the burner head and various proposals have been made for leading the two fluids into their respective paths so as to cause emission of jets of the fuel oil from the burner head and in the known arrangements of burner complicated drillings have been necessary. It is an object of the present invention to provide a modified form of burner which is simpler to manufacture.
  • the jet passage is associated at its inner end with a supply passage for feeding one fluid and at a region intermediate its ends with an annular zone through which the second fluid is to be supplied, an outer portion of the jet passage forming a fluid mixing chamber wherein the two fluids are to be mixed before being discharged from the burner.
  • the jet passage will normally be straight and along the axis of the burner head.
  • a spray burner in accordance with the invention may comprise a plurality of jet passages arranged in a burner head and the intermediate portions may then be arranged to be associated with a common annular zone through which the second fluid is to be supplied.
  • the inner ends of the jet passages are preferably associated with a second common annular zone through which the one fluid is to be fed.
  • the jet passages in the multi-jet head will normally be straight and their axes may be in planes containing the axis of the head, in which case the jets will probably be arranged to impinge against each other to produce a divergent spray pattern.
  • the axes of the jets are arranged, as in the arrangement of jets disclosed in the specification of the above-numbered co-pending application, to be skewed, relative to each other so as to provide the desirable divergent spray pattern; in this arrangement, however, the spray pattern may be obtained without impingement of the jets one upon another.
  • the common annular zone for the supply of the second fluid is in the form of a very narrow annulus extending co-axially with the burner axis and the jet passages are arranged to pass through this thin annular zone at intermediate positions so that the issuing jets are convergent.
  • a head may, for example, be formed by the well-known investment casting methods.
  • the said annular zone is used to supply atomising fluid and the said supply passage to supply the fuel; also the inner end of the jet passage is preferably arranged to be of smaller diameter than the outer end, the passage opening to larger diameter before passing through the annular zone. Then, if the atomising fluid is pressurised steam, the fuel emerges from the smaller diameter as a jet and is surrounded by steam.
  • the eflfect of this latter arrangement is that the walls of the mixing chambers are not wetted by the fuel and the formation of large droplets of fuel is less likely to occur and may, in fact, be prevented entirely.
  • FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 show a burner of the single jet type, FIGURE 2 being a view on the line IIII of FIGURE 1 and FIGURE 3 being a view on the line Il1--1II of FIGURE 1,
  • FIGURE 4 shows a multi-jet burner of one form
  • FIGURES 5 to 8 inclusive are illustrative of a method of forming a burner similar to the form shown in FIG- URE 4.
  • FIGURE 5 shows a view from the fluid supply end of a blank, partly machined, for the burner,
  • FIG- URE -6 a section on the line VI-VI in FIGURE 5
  • FIGURE 7 a section on the line VIIVII in FIGURE 6
  • FIGURE 8 a side elevation of the finished form of burner.
  • the burner (or atomiser) head is faired-off to a face 1 of comparatively small area.
  • the body of the head is made in two parts as indicated in FIGURES 2 and 3, secured together as by brazing and the one part is formed with a recess 2 before the parts are secured together.
  • Fuel porting 3 is provided in the head, the supply end of this porting communicating with a bore 4 for receiving the end of a fuel supply pipe (not shown) in the burner to which the head is attached.
  • the outer end of the fuel porting feeds into a larger diameter bore 5 that extends through the recess 2 and forms a mixing chamber 6.
  • the recess 2 is then an annular zone for the supply of atomising fluid to the mixing chamber.
  • Atomising fluid such as steam, is led to the burner through a pipe (not shown) which is secured within a side bore 7 leading to the porting 8 which opens into the annular zone of recess 2.
  • Fuel oil fed to the portion 3 passes through the annular zone 2 as a fine jet and atomising fluid from the annular zone surrounds this jet so that the fuel oil enters the mixing chamber 6 surrounded by atomising fluid; the wall of the mixing chamber is, therefore, not wetted by the fuel oil.
  • Mixing takes place between the oil and the atomising fluid as they pass through the mixing chamber and the mixture emerges from the head in a spray pattern as required, the dimensions of the portings 3 and 7 of the annular zone and of the mixing chamber being chosen to suit the conditions required.
  • the diameter and axial depth of the annular zone 2 are to be such as to provide an assured distribution of atomising fluid to the mixing chamber around the periphery of the jet.
  • a further bore (not shown) can be introduced at outlet from the mixing chamber, as a small arbouring, if desired for calibration purposes.
  • Each system of fuel porting and mixing chamber behaves substantially as the single system in the arrangement of single jet sprayer described above with reference to FIGURES 1, 2 and 3, the annular passage being common to all systems in the multi-jet arrangement. Calibrating arbouring may, of course, be provided also in the multi-jet arrangement.
  • the annular passage 15, in the arrangement illustrated, is fed from a central feed passage 16, the head being formed with an axial extension 17 to enable the fuel and atomising fluid feeds to be separated for convenient attachment of the head to the burner.
  • the inclination of the axes of the jets is used advantageously to induce rotational velocity with benefit to the efliciency of the process of mixing the fuel spray with combustion air in the air register with which the burner may be used in a boiler or other heating installation.
  • the diameters of the gallery 16 and of the annular passage 15 as well as the axial depth of the latter should be such as to provide an assured supply and of adequate distribution of the atomising fluid to each mixing chamber around the whole periphery of the jet system in the chamber; as has been stated above in connection with the arrangement of FIGURES 1, 2 and 3, it will be evident also that there may need to be some limitation of axial depth of the annular passage in order that it should be appropriate for the jet of fuel issuing from the fuel porting.
  • FIGURES 5, 6 and 7 illustrate a method of machining a form of head similar to that shown in FIGURE 4, FIG- URE 5 being a view in the direction of the arrow V in FIGURE 6, and it will be seen that it is first necessary to provide a cylindrical blank having a flange 18; the material will be that best suited in respect to use and of machining and will probably be of steel but possibly of brass, the use of any other alternative, however, not being ruled out.
  • the annular passage 19 and the gallery 20 are formed to the desired dimensions, the outer end of the gallery being opened up and internally threaded to enable a pipe for the atomising fluid feed to be secured to the head.
  • the annular passage 21 is suitably milled into the wall of the gallery.
  • the drillings are made in the face 22 of the blank to the diameter of the fuel portings 2 to break into the base of the annular passage as shown for example, at B.
  • the number, diameter and inclination of the portings will depend upon the performance required by the burner and details such as these are discussed in the specification of the co-pending application referred to above. These drillings will of course be positioned also to break through the annular passage 21.
  • the annular passage may be so dimensioned and/ or positioned that the breakthrough of the second fluid porting(s) is not symmetrical; in other words, the portings may, for example, simply break into the edge of the annular passage.
  • the head can be so formed that, whereas in the designs illustrated in FIGURES 4 and 5 to 8 the axes of the fuel sprays are convergent, there is, alternatively, either impingement of the sprays on the axis of the head, or divergence of the spray axes.
  • a presentation of transit paths in the general spray pattern for combustion air from the outside of the axisymmetric flame to the inside may be obtained which will be conducive to the promo tion of flame stability.
  • a head for a fuel oil spray burner in which the fuel oil is atomised by means of a second fluid, at least one jet passage in said head for one fluid, said jet passage I being associated at its inner end with a supply passage for the one fluid and at a region intermediate its end with an annular zone in the head through which the second fluid is to be supplied, the said jet passage passing through this annular zone and communicating therewith about substantially its entire periphery such that'the second fluid surrounds the one fluid as the one fluid passes through the said annular zone, an outer portion of the said jet passage forming a fluid mixing chamber where the two fluids are to be mixed before being discharged from the head.
  • a head for a fuel oil spray burner as claimed in claim 1, comprising a plurality of jet passages, each jet passage being at an inclination to a plane containing the axis of the head and said jet passages being substantially symmetrically disposed around said axis.
  • a head for a fuel oil spray burner as claimed in claim 1, comprising a plurality of jet passages, each jet passage being at an inclination to a plane containing the axis of the head and said jet passages being substantially symmetrically disposed around said axis and the axes of the jet passages being generally convergent.
  • a head for a fuel oil spray burner as claimed in claim 1 comprising a plurality of jet passages substantially symmetrically disposed around the axis of the head, the axis of each jet passage being substantially in a plane parallel to the said axis of the head.
  • a head for a fuel oil spray burner as claimed in claim 1, comprising a plurality of jet passages substantially symmetrically disposed around the axis of the head, the axis of each jet passage being substantially in a plane containing the said axis of the head and the axes of the jet passages being generally convergent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
US672594A 1966-10-04 1967-10-03 Oil fuel burning apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3498544A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB44270/66A GB1183057A (en) 1966-10-04 1966-10-04 Improvements in and relating to Fuel Burning Apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3498544A true US3498544A (en) 1970-03-03

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ID=10432515

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US672594A Expired - Lifetime US3498544A (en) 1966-10-04 1967-10-03 Oil fuel burning apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3498544A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1551712C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1539412A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1183057A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE342689B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4952136A (en) * 1987-05-12 1990-08-28 Control Systems Company Burner assembly for oil fired furnaces
US20090230215A1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-17 Microjet Gmbh Apparatus for generating and spraying an aerosol
USD1074925S1 (en) * 2023-03-16 2025-05-13 Stoneage, Inc. Unplugger nozzle head
USD1088182S1 (en) * 2023-03-16 2025-08-12 Stoneage, Inc. Polisher nozzle head

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4738614A (en) * 1986-07-25 1988-04-19 Union Carbide Corporation Atomizer for post-mixed burner

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1448106A (en) * 1920-04-15 1923-03-13 Harry D Binks Atomizing nozzle
US2303104A (en) * 1940-03-15 1942-11-24 Harold G Abbey Wide range oil burner
US2643916A (en) * 1949-04-25 1953-06-30 Braun & Co C F Fuel burner

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1448106A (en) * 1920-04-15 1923-03-13 Harry D Binks Atomizing nozzle
US2303104A (en) * 1940-03-15 1942-11-24 Harold G Abbey Wide range oil burner
US2643916A (en) * 1949-04-25 1953-06-30 Braun & Co C F Fuel burner

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4952136A (en) * 1987-05-12 1990-08-28 Control Systems Company Burner assembly for oil fired furnaces
US20090230215A1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-17 Microjet Gmbh Apparatus for generating and spraying an aerosol
USD1074925S1 (en) * 2023-03-16 2025-05-13 Stoneage, Inc. Unplugger nozzle head
USD1088182S1 (en) * 2023-03-16 2025-08-12 Stoneage, Inc. Polisher nozzle head

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1539412A (fr) 1968-09-13
DE1551712B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-08-10
SE342689B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-02-14
GB1183057A (en) 1970-03-04
DE1551712A1 (de) 1970-03-19
DE1551712C3 (de) 1979-05-17

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