US3497308A - Air purifying apparatus and method - Google Patents

Air purifying apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3497308A
US3497308A US746462A US3497308DA US3497308A US 3497308 A US3497308 A US 3497308A US 746462 A US746462 A US 746462A US 3497308D A US3497308D A US 3497308DA US 3497308 A US3497308 A US 3497308A
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Prior art keywords
gases
stack
burner
discharge
manifold
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US746462A
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English (en)
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Charles S Flynn
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CHARLES S FLYNN
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CHARLES S FLYNN
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
    • D21C11/06—Treatment of pulp gases; Recovery of the heat content of the gases; Treatment of gases arising from various sources in pulp and paper mills; Regeneration of gaseous SO2, e.g. arising from liquors containing sulfur compounds
    • D21C11/08—Deodorisation ; Elimination of malodorous compounds, e.g. sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide or mercaptans, from gas streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D91/00—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for
    • F23D91/02—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for for use in particular heating operations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2206/00—Burners for specific applications
    • F23D2206/0094—Gas burners adapted for use in illumination and heating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and a method of combusting Waste fluids and destroying noxious components of discharged fluids, with the invention having particular significance in combination with kraft pulp processing apparatus.
  • the apparatus is particularly suitable for treatment of combustible stack gases and vapors as from kraft paper processing and the like.
  • Another particular object of this invention is to provide an apparatus and a method of reliably and relatively inexpensively eliminating the obnoxious components of kraft paper pulp processing stack gases and vapors.
  • the unique equipment is capable of reliably treating the wide range of such stack gases, including effecting continuous combustion of the relatively low volume of gases from hard woods, and also safely treating the high volume of potentially explosive gases and vapors from conifers without danger of explosion due to flash-back to the kettle.
  • the system is relatively inexpensive.
  • the novel apparatus employs a particular burner and manifold arrangement, in a stack, the burner having hot combustion gas flow past the manifolds jets through which the combustible gases and vapors are ejected at a high velocity.
  • the burner combustion gases extend over a substantial area using a refractory felt dissipator and combustion surface.
  • This surface has the manifold adjacent thereto, preferably at its peripheral portions and slightly offset toward the downstream direction, i.e. normally the stack discharge end.
  • the burner surface is oriented toward the discharge end, with the manifold outlet jets being directed toward this discharge.
  • the gases are sucked out of the generating vessel zone and forcefully discharge through the manifold ports or jets adjacent the burners at a velocity far exceeding the llame propagation rate of any of the combustible, c g. about 18,000 feet per minute, preventing flash-back into the kettle or other vessel.
  • FIG. l is a side elevational, fragmentary, partially sectioned view of the novel apparatus shown in combination with a paper processing apparatus;
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the apparatus in FIG. l, taken on plane II-II;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of one of the burner units in the combination.
  • the complete assembly 10 there shown includes a kraft paper pulp processing kettle 12, the kettle stack 14, conduit assembly 16 from stack 14 to a second stack 18, and specifically to manifold sub-assembly 20 which cooperates with burner assembly '22.
  • Kettle sub-assembly 12 is of typical configuration and components normally used for the kraft, i.e. sulfate process for treating wood pulp, specifically preparing wood pulp for use in making paper.
  • Stack 14 which vents kettle 12, is open on its upper end to the atmosphere.
  • the substances ejected from the kettle include mercaptans, some sulfur 1based acids, and, when Conifer wood is being processed, substantial amounts of volatile vaporous materials in the turpentine family.
  • the latter components are of course highly combustile and potentially explosive.
  • the acid components are harmful ⁇ to surfaces which they contact.
  • the mercaptans are extremely obnoxious in odor, even when present in very small amounts.
  • Typical of these sulfur based odorous materials are methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, isopropyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide, and dipropyl sulde.
  • conduit means 16 communicates with the stack 14.
  • This conduit means preferably includes a condensor 24 to condense Water vapor from the stack gases. This is not essential, but does aid in obtaining more complete combustion of the other components.
  • the conduit also includes a blower 26 to withdraw the stack gases from kettle stack 14 into the conduit assembly and force them through the conduit and manifold 20 into the second stack 18 at very high velocity.
  • the pressure in conduit 16 may be indicated on a suitable gauge 30.
  • Stack 18 has its upper end vented to the atmosphere, and has its lower end enclosed by burner assembly 22.
  • This burner assembly includes an overall insulated housing 32 secured to peripheral support 50.
  • This housing receives, through conduit 34, a combustible mixture of gases from a mixer 36. This in turn receives a combustible fuel gas as through inlet 38, and compressed air through conduit 40.
  • Air conduit 40 may include a suitable air regulator 42 and filter 44.
  • the pressure in housing 32 is indicated on a suitable gauge 46.
  • the upper side of housing 32 is enclosed by a baffle plate 48 mounted to a peripheral angle iron support 50. Supported on bafiie plate 48 and secured thereto to receive the combustible mixture of gases therethrough are a plurality of individual burner units 54.
  • peripheral refractory liner 56 Surrounding the burner units, and secured by angle iron support 50 is a peripheral refractory liner 56 which preferably has an upwardly divergent inner surface to cause the hot combustion gases from burner 54 to diverge into the entire area within and over the surface of peripheral manifold 20.
  • Support 50 may be secured to a plurality of legs S8.
  • An igniter unit 90 has its outlet tip 92 immediately adjacent the surface of one of burner units 54.
  • Manifold means 20 basically includes a hollow pipe or tube 96 which communicates with the output from conduit means 16 to receive the stack gases. It has a plurality of outlet jets or ports 98 along its length for discharge of the stack gases in stream form at a high velocity.
  • This manifold preferably extends around the perihperal portions of the burner surface area formed by the combined surfaces of the individual burner units, and, with the manifold pipe being positioned close to but offset from the burner surface area in the direction of the stack outlet, normally above the burner surface area.
  • the jets 98 are then oriented upwardly toward the stack outlet, but also inwardly into the zone of discharge of the hot combustion gases from the burners.
  • Immediately above manifold 96 is one or more secondary air shutters 100 to allow supplemental air or oxygen inlet if necessary,
  • each burner unit preferably includes a generally square or rectangular burner housing formed of an outer Shell member 60 and an inner generally annular, peripheral member 62. These members are interconnected by suitable bolts 64, with an annular gasket 66 therebetween.
  • the housing When assembled, the housing includes one open side (FIG. 4) covered by a coarse mesh support screen 68, a fibrous gas dissipating refractory felt layer 70 on screen 68, a relatively fine mesh retention screen 72 over the felt layer, and a generally coarse mesh outer retention screen 74 over the others.
  • these elements close the internal chamber 76 which receives a combustible mixture of gases through inlet 78 provided on the back closure face of housing member 60.
  • Inner housing member 62 fits within outer housing member 60, except for its outermost peripheral edge 62 which is spaced axially slightly from the adjacent outer edge 60 of member 60, to form a peripheral outer groove 80 around the housing.
  • Support screen 68 is relatively rigid, and rests within the confines of flange 62. It may initially be adhered with an adhesive so as to hold its position during assembly.
  • Felt layer 70 extends over screen 68 and around the periphery of flange or edge 62. It has its outermost edge deformed into groove 80. It is held in this grooveby the outer, relatively coarse mesh screen 74 which also has its peripheral edge extending around edge 62 and deformed or crimped into groove 80' to press the felt layer tightly against edge 62 and secure it and the other screens to the housing.
  • Underlying outer screen 74 and overlying felt layer 70 is the relatively fine mesh screen 72. It preferably is not extended around the housing since this is not necessary. -Rather it is a flat screen member as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the fibrous felt is a self-supporting layer formed from short refractory fibers, preferably alumina and silica for example in a 50-50 ratio.
  • the fibers are integrated into a unitary sheet body.
  • the randomly dispersed fibers in the integrated structure are initially compressed to the desired thickness and density as by rolling.
  • the felt has myriads of tiny passages, all with sufficient resistance to gaseous fiow to cause uniform gaseous dissipation therethrough.
  • the density of the felt may vary, depending upon the thickness used, the fiber diameter, the ratio of substances and the like.
  • the felt may range for example from about 2 pounds per cubic foot to about l2 pounds per cubic foot for different applications and may be any where from 1/16 to 1/2 inch in thickness more or less, depending on the factors involved such as desired operating pressure, operating temperature, velocity of gases, and upon the width of the burner, the density of the material; the area of burner to be covered, and the desired flexibility of the felt body.
  • it is normally quite thin, e.g. around 20 to 40 mils, to fiex and seal readily around the housing edge.
  • the felt must be free from many gaseous leaks of pin hole size which would enable the gases to fiow through in a stream with only slight resistance. These can be identified by the occurrence of flame pimples which visibly project from the surface of the felt during operation.
  • the presence of these undesirable leaks can be readily ascertained by the presence of these fiame pimples.
  • the felt material has a substantial resistance to gaseous flow therethrough due to the fact that the gas must flow through millions of minute tortuous passages having a diameter in the low micron range. Therefore, the pressurized gaseous mixture is generally uniformly distributed over the entire back of the fibrous layer from inner pressure chamber 76.
  • bafiie plate 82 This distribution of gases is supplemented by a planar bafiie plate 82 in chamber 7.6.
  • the bafiie plate has a plurality of inwardly projecting, L-shaped, spacer flanges 84 on its periphery to abut the inner surface of housing member ⁇ 62. It also has a plurality of outward spacer projections 86 to abut the inner screen member 68.
  • the gases fiowing in through central inlet 78 strike this baffie and are forced to travel out around the peripheral edge to be distributed relatively uniformly to the entire felt surface area.
  • the gases when passing through the felt layer, do so in a finely dispersed uniformly distributed manner in the form of millions of tiny merging streamlets forming a continuous layer of gases over the combustion surface. They are ignited upon emergence from the felt layer.
  • the blue combustion flame occurring :on the surface of the felt layer is visible by peering across the surface.
  • the slight blue flame layer often projects a fraction of an inch from the surface, for higher firing rates (from 5,000 to 15,000 B.t.u.s/sq. in.), the flame may be from 1/2 to l" long.
  • the supporting screen 168 is relatively coarse, self-supporting, and quite rigid.
  • a ten mesh screen (0.025 inch mesh diameter) of steel works excellently, although the exact mesh may vary, providing the screen is kept relatively rigid,
  • the relatively fine mesh screen 72 has a mesh of about 40, for example (0.010 inch mesh diameter). Any individual fibers of the felt tending to protrude out of the burner surface under pressure are retained in position by this fine screen. It is desirable to keep the fine fibers from extending out from the surface in order to obtain uniform flow and to prevent them from lglowing to cause a spreading radiant heat glow over the surface.
  • the relatively stiff retention screen 74 serves the double purpose of retaining the felt and screens in position when crimped around the peripheral groove, and also retaining the fine screen, which may tend to bow when heated, in its planar condition.
  • a combustible mixture of gases is formed in external mixer 36 and conducted through conduit 34 into the chamber of housing 32.
  • the combustible mixture of gases is introduced under pressure through ports 78 into chambers 76 which remain cool.
  • the combustible mixture of gases is then forced by the pressure through the fibrous felt layer, igniting at the outer surface of the felt layer to create high temperature combustion gases.
  • the particular volume and temperature of output can be regulated by varying the pressure and the gaseous mixture input to the burner. With this construction, the gaseous pressure applied can be varied over an extremely wide range, for example from a couple inches of water pressure up to about 30 inches of water pressure.
  • the kettle gases and vapors are drawn by suction of the inlet of blower 26 out of stack 14 and kettle 12 into conduit 16 and through condensor 24 and blower 26, and forcefully propelled through manifold 2C'.
  • the stack gases exit from the manifold ports at extremely high vel-ocity, in the general direction of the discharge of the system. This high velocity purposely far exceeds the flame propagation rate of the most cornbustibe kettle mixture, preventing possibility of flashback into the kettle.
  • the ejected gases also create a vacuum or suction to draw the hot gases from the burner surface into the gaseous stream to cause thorough mixing of the oxygen, hot gases, and kettle gases.
  • Mixer 36 can be regulated to have an excess of oxygen necessary for the burners, passing through the burner units, so that sufficient oxygen can be supplied for complete combustion of the stack gases.
  • the tremendous variable output of the burner units enables them to be adjusted to a high output when treating stack gases from the kraft processing of hard wood pulps to elevate the temperature above the kindling temperature, Alternatively, the output of the burners can be adjusted to a relatively small amount, almost nil, by lowering their output to accommodate the relatively low kindling temperatures of stack gases and vaporous fluids emitted during the kraft processing of conifer woods.
  • Typical operating temperatures 0f this equipment are between about 1,000 to 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, with good results being obtained at about 1,340 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • stack 14 is still vented to the atmosphere when employing the novel assembly. Thus, if any excess of gases should momentarily erupt from the kettle 12, these can be safely vented without creating a back pressure.
  • methyl mercaptaon was reduced from 5340 to 160 parts per million
  • dimethyl sulfide was reduced from 9030 to 398 parts per million
  • isopropyl mercaptan was reduced from 8840 to 162 parts per million
  • dimethyl disulfide was reduced from 1790 to 648 parts per million
  • dipropyl sulfide was reduced from 5050 parts per million to an undetectable amount.
  • the novel apparatus has utility for combusting noxious uids from other processes. Particularly appropriate are those processes causing emission of organic waste products or by products.
  • Apparatus for combusting combustibe waste gases and vapors comprising: stack conduit means having a discharge; burner means in said stack means having combustible gas mixture inlet means thereinto, and having hot gas discharge surface area oriented toward said discharge to create a hot gas flow zone toward said discharge; manifold means in said stack means adjacent peripheral portions of said burner discharge surface area:1 having an inlet for a mixture of gases and vapors to be be combusted, and having a plurality of discharge ports adjacent said burner surface area and oriented toward said stack means discharge and blower means for propelling said gases and vapors out of said ports at a velocity exceeding the flame propagation rate thereof, so that waste gases and vapors therefrom engulf hot combustion gases from said burner means for continuous ignition and combustion before passage out said stack means.
  • Apparatus for combusting kraft pulp processing vapors and gases comprising: stack conduit means having a discharge; high velocity burner means in said stack means; said burner means comprising at least one burner having a housing that has combustible gas mixture inlet means thereinto and that has a surface enclosed by a refractory fibrous felt tightly retained thereover by screen retention means extending thereover and secured peripherally to said housing; said felt forming a combustion surface area for uniform combustion of a combustible mixture of gases; said burner surface area being oriented toward said discharge; manifold means in said stack means adjacent peripheral portions of said burner discharge surface area and offset toward said stack discharge, having an inlet for waste gases and vapors to be combusted, and having a plurality of discharge jets oriented generally toward said discharge and adjacent said burner surface area; and a conduit having a discharge end connected to said manifold inlet and having a blower connected on its inlet end, said blower being adapted to be connected to a discharge stack from a kraft pulp processing
  • a combination kraft pulp processing and air purifying apparatus comprising:
  • blower means in ⁇ said conduit arranged to withdraw combustible discharge vaporous and gaseous fluids from said kettle stack and through said conduit;
  • said manifold being located in said second stack
  • burner means in and closing the lower end of said second stack, having a combustible gas mixture inlet means thereinto, and having a combustion gas discharge surface area oriented generally toward said second stack upper end to create a hot gas ow zone toward said upper end;
  • said manfoldmeans having outlet jet means adjacent peripheral portions of Said burner surface area and (a) drawing gases and vapors from a kraft pulp processing kettle and the forcing such uids into a manifold;
  • claim 5 including, in step a, also the atmosphere as a safety outlet References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,134,424 5/1964 Zink et a1. 431-5 X 3,195,608 7/1965 Voorheis et a1. 431-202 X 3,376,098 4/1968 Pryor 431-238 3,390,944 7/1968 Flynn 431-158 EDWARD G. FAVORS, Primary Examiner Us. C1. XR.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US746462A 1968-07-22 1968-07-22 Air purifying apparatus and method Expired - Lifetime US3497308A (en)

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US74646268A 1968-07-22 1968-07-22

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US746462A Expired - Lifetime US3497308A (en) 1968-07-22 1968-07-22 Air purifying apparatus and method

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US (1) US3497308A (xx)
BE (1) BE736405A (xx)
DE (1) DE1936785A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2016814A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1269135A (xx)
NL (1) NL6911192A (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3817687A (en) * 1973-07-18 1974-06-18 Aer Corp Hydrocarbon oxidizer system
JPS4972069U (xx) * 1972-10-05 1974-06-22
US3859033A (en) * 1973-03-07 1975-01-07 Exxon Research Engineering Co Sequential combustion of waste gases
US3914095A (en) * 1972-12-08 1975-10-21 Combustion Unltd Inc Vapor disposal system
US5735683A (en) * 1994-05-24 1998-04-07 E.E.T. Umwelt - & Gastechnik Gmbh Injector for injecting air into the combustion chamber of a torch burner and a torch burner
US6224369B1 (en) 1999-06-02 2001-05-01 David H. Moneyhun Device and method for burning vented fuel
US20090263755A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Nigro Robert C Off-gas flare

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3134424A (en) * 1960-12-19 1964-05-26 Zink Co John Flare stack gas burner assembly
US3195608A (en) * 1963-04-08 1965-07-20 Coen Co Volatile waste incinerator
US3376098A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-04-02 Phillips Petroleum Co Two-chamber burner and process
US3390944A (en) * 1965-10-21 1968-07-02 Charles S. Flynn High velocity burner assembly

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3134424A (en) * 1960-12-19 1964-05-26 Zink Co John Flare stack gas burner assembly
US3195608A (en) * 1963-04-08 1965-07-20 Coen Co Volatile waste incinerator
US3390944A (en) * 1965-10-21 1968-07-02 Charles S. Flynn High velocity burner assembly
US3376098A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-04-02 Phillips Petroleum Co Two-chamber burner and process

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4972069U (xx) * 1972-10-05 1974-06-22
JPS5130145Y2 (xx) * 1972-10-05 1976-07-29
US3914095A (en) * 1972-12-08 1975-10-21 Combustion Unltd Inc Vapor disposal system
US3859033A (en) * 1973-03-07 1975-01-07 Exxon Research Engineering Co Sequential combustion of waste gases
US3817687A (en) * 1973-07-18 1974-06-18 Aer Corp Hydrocarbon oxidizer system
US5735683A (en) * 1994-05-24 1998-04-07 E.E.T. Umwelt - & Gastechnik Gmbh Injector for injecting air into the combustion chamber of a torch burner and a torch burner
US6224369B1 (en) 1999-06-02 2001-05-01 David H. Moneyhun Device and method for burning vented fuel
US20090263755A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Nigro Robert C Off-gas flare
US7811081B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2010-10-12 Moneyhun Equipment Sales & Service Off-gas flare

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GB1269135A (en) 1972-04-06
NL6911192A (xx) 1970-01-26
DE1936785A1 (de) 1970-01-22
BE736405A (xx) 1970-01-22
FR2016814A1 (xx) 1970-05-15

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