US3495746A - Plastic closures for containers and combinations - Google Patents

Plastic closures for containers and combinations Download PDF

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Publication number
US3495746A
US3495746A US678991A US3495746DA US3495746A US 3495746 A US3495746 A US 3495746A US 678991 A US678991 A US 678991A US 3495746D A US3495746D A US 3495746DA US 3495746 A US3495746 A US 3495746A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
diaphragm
throat
closure
cap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US678991A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jeremiah Laurizio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
American Flange and Manufacturing Co Inc
Original Assignee
American Flange and Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Flange and Manufacturing Co Inc filed Critical American Flange and Manufacturing Co Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3495746A publication Critical patent/US3495746A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/061—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages with telescopic, retractable or reversible spouts, tubes or nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/10—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having frangible closures
    • B65D47/103—Membranes with a tearing element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/12—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having removable closures
    • B65D47/14—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having removable closures and closure-retaining means
    • B65D47/147—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having removable closures and closure-retaining means for snap-on caps

Definitions

  • the nozzle is formed with an integral sealing diaphragm and a pull member secured thereto enabling hand removability of the diaphragm.
  • a tubular spout is stored within the nozzle and may be raised to pouring position after removal of the diaphragm.
  • This invention relates to plastic closures for containers and is particularly concerned with such closures provided with a hand removable tear out diaphragm.
  • a closure formed of synthetic plastic material that has recently come into widespread use is a cap and nozzle construction adapted for insertion as a unit within a suitable container wall opening.
  • a sealing diaphragm is integrally formed across the nozzle throat as a safeguard against leakage or undetected pilferage.
  • a pull member is integrally connected to the diaphragm to enable hand removal there of by tearing.
  • the sealing diaphragm has closed off the nozzle throat at a point substantially below the top of the nozzle.
  • This recessed diaphragm arrangement has had appeal in that it provides a compartment within the upper end of the nozzle between the diaphragm and the top of the throat within which the pull member is deflected and stored when the overlying cap is in closed position. Not so appealing, however, are some disadvantage arising from this construction.
  • One readily noticed deficiency in the recessed diaphragm arrangement is the degree of pull member accessibility sacrificed. A fraction of an inch increased length in the pull member can, under certain conditions, make the difference between success and failure in removing the diaphragm with the unaided hand.
  • the invention has gone yet another step further and incorporated a plastic pull up spout in the closure assembly.
  • the spout is stored in lowered position underneath the diaphragm and may be raised to pouring position after the diaphragm is torn out.
  • a spout supporting seat is formed around a central portion of the nozzle throat beneath the sealing diaphragm and spaced from the lower end thereof.
  • Another object is to provide an improved plastic nozzle formed with a hand removable sealing diaphragm.
  • Another object is to provide a new and improved cap and nozzle combination.
  • a further object is to provide a new and improved plastic nozzle and pull up spout combination.
  • a still further object is to provide a plastic closure having an improved construction for rendering the container to which the closure is applied completely tamperroof.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a nozzle cap and spout closure combination in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing the closure assembly of FIG. I inserted within a container wall opening and with the closure cap in open position;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the upper end of the closure nozzle with diaphragm removed and with the spout in slightly raised position;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the torn out sealing diaphragm
  • FIG. 5 is a part elevational part sectional view of the closure combination with the diaphragm removed and showing the pouring spout in raised position;
  • FIG. 6 is a part elevational part sectional view of a modified form of nozzle.
  • the captive cap and nozzle closure combination generally indicated at 1 and clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the basic components thereof are seen to include a nozzle 2, and overlying snap cap 3 and a flexible hingle strap 4 connecting the cap and nozzle.
  • the entire closure 1 is integrally molded as a single unit from a suitable synthetic plastic material of which polyethylene is a nonlimiting example.
  • the nozzle 2 is a short tubular member surrounded by a radially outwardly extending circumferential flange 5. Extending above the flange 5 is a short cap receiving neck 6 terminating at its upper end in a circumferentially enlarged locking bead 7.
  • a downwardly and radially outwardly extending conical surface 8 which joins the undersurface of flange 5 in a concavely curved portion 9.
  • the conical surface 8 terminates at its lower end in maximum diameter zone indicated at 10.
  • the lower end of the nozzle 2 then tapers radially inwardly and downwardly at 11 from the zone and terminates in a lowermost cylindrical pilot portion 12.
  • the nozzle interior or throat 13 has a short radially inwardly extending shoulder 14 at its lower end.
  • a downwardly and radially inwardly tapering ledge 15 is formed within the nozzle throat 13 at a point upwardly spaced with respect to the shoulder 14 and approximately in line with the undersurface of the flange 5.
  • the uppermost end of the throat 13 is closed off by an integrally formed sealing diaphragm 16.
  • a circular tearing zone 16a of reduced cross sectional thickness forms the juncture between the diaphragm 16 and the throat 13.
  • Integrally attached to the diaphragm 16 adjacent its periphery is a finger loop pull member 17 which exends upwardly and radially inwardly from the diaphragm in a short neck 18 and terminates in a circular loop 19.
  • the size of the pull loop is such that a persons finger can be easily inserted therethrough for pulling.
  • the pull member 17 is positioned to extend outwardly toward the cap 3 in diametrical alignment with the hinge strap 4. This relationship, although advantageous in the mechanical handling and assembling of the closure, could be varied without departing from the scope of the invention. Of importance, however, is the fact that the pull member 17 extend upwardly away from the diaphragm so as to be easily grasped for pulling.
  • the cap 3 comprises a flat top panel 20 surrounded by 1 depending skirt 21.
  • the inner surface of the skirt 21 is provided with an inwardly facing locking groove 22 for engagement with the head 7 at the upper end of the nozzle Z.
  • the lowermost radially inwardly facing end of the skirt Z1 is rounded as indicated at 23 to facilitate snap engagement of the cap and nozzle.
  • the interior of the cap 3 above the locking groove 22 is formed to provide a storage compartment indicated at 24 for housing the pull nember 17 when the cap is in closed position.
  • the com- )artment 24 is defined by the undersurface 25 of the cap :op panel 20 and the inner cylindrical surface 26 of the skirt 21.
  • the flexible hinge strap 4 integrally joins the Flange 5 of the nozzle 2 with the top panel 20 of the cap 3.
  • a lift tab 27 extends outwardly from the skirt 21 as a continuation of the top )anel 20 and diametrically opposed to the hinge strap 3.
  • tubular pouring spout generally indicated at 30 and which is seen to include a peripheral lip 31 at the uppermost end thereof.
  • the lower portion of the spout tapers outwardly in its downward extent at 32 as seen in FIG. 5 and terminates at its lowermost end in a peripheral flange 33.
  • the spout 30 is assembled with the nozzle 2 by forcing the lip 31 past the shoulder 14 and along the nozzle throat so that the spout is loosely sup ported within the nozzle throat by seating of the spout lip 31 on the throat ledge 15 and as seen in FIG. 1, a gap 33 exists between the spout body and the shoulder 14.
  • the entire closure assembly is then inserted in a container wall 40 provided with an opening surrounded by a short neck 41 extending downwardly and radially inwardly from the undersurface of the wall 41 and terminating in a free edge 42. Insertion of the closure assembly is effected by first placing the pilot portion 12 within the container wall opening. As a downward force is applied to the top of the closure assembly the tapered portion 11 aids in squeezing the zone 10 of maximum diameter past the edge 42. Upon seating of the undersurface of the nozzle flange 5 tightly against the container wall 40 the downward force is released and the slight springback which then occurs causes the free edge 42 to bite into the conical surface 8 of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 6 A modified form of the invention closure 50 is shown in FIG. 6 and like the principal embodiment is made up of a nozzle 51 and overlying cap 52 connected thereto by a hinge strap 53.
  • This form of the invention besides having a tamperproof sealing diaphragm and pull member as in the form of FIGS. l5, is in addition provided with a circumferential weakened tearing zone 54 positioned on the nozzle just below the flange 55.
  • the lower end of the nozzle is provided with a container wall en gaging surface 56 and an inwardly tapering lead portion 57. It has been found that not infrequently an attempt is made to gain unauthorized access to the container contents 'by removing the entire closure from the container wall opening.
  • annular nozzle member molded of synthetic plastic material, container wall engaging means formed on said nozzle member, closure engaging means formed on said nozzle member, said nozzle member defining an axial dispensing throat, an integrally formed imperforate sealing diaphragm closing off said throat, a first weakened tearing zone connecting said diaphragm with said throat and a second weakened tearing zone for preventing undetected removal of said nozzle member intact with respect to a container wall opening.
  • annular nozzle member molded of synthetic plastic material, container wall engaging means formed on said nozzle member, closure cap engaging means formed on said nozzle member, said nozzle member defining an axial dispensing throat, an integrally formed sealing diaphragm closing oil the uppermost end of said throat, a weakened tearing zone connecting said diaphragm with said throat, an elongated pull member integrally connected to said sealing dia phragm to enable hand removability of said diaphragm through tearing of said synthetic plastic material, said pull member diaphragm connection positioned adjacent said tearing zone, said pull member in unrestrained position extending axially outwardly from said throat so as to be completely exposed throughout its length above said uppermost end of said throat, an overlying closure cap having a top panel surrounded by 3.
  • annular nozzle member molded of synthetic plastic material, container wall engaging means formed on said nozzle member, closure cap engaging means formed on said nozzle member, said nozzle mem ber defining an axial dispensing throat, an integrally formed sealing diaphragm closing off the uppermost end of said throat, a weakened tearing zone connecting said diaphragm with said throat, an elongated pull member integrally connected to said sealing diaphragm to enable hand removability of said diaphragm through tearing of said synthetic plastic material, said pull member diaphragm connection positioned adjacent said tearing zone, said pull member in unrestrained position extending axially outwardly from said throat so as to be completely exposed throughout its length above said uppermost end of said throat when sighting in a plane that includes said end, spout supporting means formed on said throat axially spaced below said closure engaging means and a tubular pull up pouring spout held in stored position by said supporting means and said dispensing throat having a section of reduced diameter
  • annular nozzle member molded of synthetic plastic material, container wall engaging means formed on said nozzle member, closure cap engaging means formed on said nozzle member, said nozzle member defining an axial dispensing throat, an integrally formed sealing diaphragm closing off the upper most end of said throat, a weakened tearing zone connecting said diaphragm with said throat, an elongated pull member integrally connected to said sealing diaphragm to enable hand removability of said diaphragm through tearing of said synthetic plastic material, said pull member diaphragm connection positioned adjacent said tearing zone, said pull member in unrestrained position extending axially outwardly from said throat so as to be completely exposed throughout its length above said uppermost end of said throat and including means formed in said dispensing throat for preventing undetected removal of said nozzle member intact with respect to a container wall opening.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
US678991A 1967-10-30 1967-10-30 Plastic closures for containers and combinations Expired - Lifetime US3495746A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US67899167A 1967-10-30 1967-10-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3495746A true US3495746A (en) 1970-02-17

Family

ID=24725145

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US678991A Expired - Lifetime US3495746A (en) 1967-10-30 1967-10-30 Plastic closures for containers and combinations

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US3495746A (de)
JP (1) JPS4944256B1 (de)
AT (1) AT293262B (de)
BE (1) BE722768A (de)
BR (1) BR6803594D0 (de)
CH (1) CH480994A (de)
DE (1) DE1804641A1 (de)
ES (1) ES155366Y (de)
FI (1) FI50233C (de)
FR (1) FR1589904A (de)
GB (1) GB1216599A (de)
IE (1) IE32381B1 (de)
NL (1) NL163478C (de)
NO (1) NO124591B (de)
SE (1) SE341352B (de)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3752369A (en) * 1970-07-06 1973-08-14 Carnaud & Forges Container spout and pouring nozzle
US4462507A (en) * 1979-04-26 1984-07-31 Sterling Drug Inc. Dispensing closure for closing a canister containing dispensable articles
US4526291A (en) * 1983-05-16 1985-07-02 Sterling Drug Inc. Dispensing package for containing and dispensing articles
US4863047A (en) * 1988-10-27 1989-09-05 Crow Chet H Container with seal and cap
US5462183A (en) * 1994-02-07 1995-10-31 Aptargroup, Inc. Closure with a tamper-evident element
WO1997035776A1 (en) * 1996-03-26 1997-10-02 Poly Industries Pty. Ltd. Closure having tube aperture
US5755360A (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-05-26 Aptargroup, Inc. Multi-material, multi-shot, injection molded dispensing closure having a removable seal
US5769277A (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-06-23 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing closure having a force-directing removable seal
US5829610A (en) * 1996-09-13 1998-11-03 Aptargroup, Inc. Closure with a tamper-indicating element optionally suitable for use as a tool
US5839627A (en) * 1994-11-07 1998-11-24 Hicks; William D. Container having improved reclosable pour spout mounted thereon and process therefor
US5853109A (en) * 1998-04-29 1998-12-29 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing structure with displaceable penetrator and bistable cover actuator
US5927549A (en) * 1998-03-20 1999-07-27 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing structure with frangible membrane for separating two products
AU712456B2 (en) * 1996-03-26 1999-11-04 Poly Industries Pty. Ltd. Closure having tube aperture
US5992668A (en) * 1996-07-11 1999-11-30 Aptargroup, Inc. Sealed dispensing closure with a sealed penetrator
US6003728A (en) * 1998-10-22 1999-12-21 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing structure with an openable member for separating two products
US6045004A (en) * 1998-03-20 2000-04-04 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing structure with dispensing valve and barrier penetrator
US6360909B1 (en) 2000-02-18 2002-03-26 Sonoco Development, Inc. Container closure having a frangible seal
US20040217083A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2004-11-04 Gerry Mavin Closures and containers in combination therewith
US20070075083A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-04-05 Mc Clellan W T Non-contaminating milk or food container seal and seal removal system
US20090159607A1 (en) * 2002-06-27 2009-06-25 Oliver Clemens Robert Kratzer Pouring and sealing attachment
US20110233211A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2011-09-29 Mc Clellan W Thomas One-piece non-contaminating milk or food container seal and seal removal system

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3717289A (en) * 1971-02-25 1973-02-20 American Flange & Mfg Vented pouring spout
JPS53134940U (de) * 1977-03-31 1978-10-25
DE2928000A1 (de) * 1978-07-26 1980-02-21 Tokan Kogyo Co Ltd Muehelos zu oeffnendes deckelteil
DK549180A (da) * 1980-12-23 1982-06-24 Nigu Pack As Baeger eller boetteformet formstofemballage med paatrykningslaag og fremgangsmaade ved paatrykning af laaget
JP4671071B2 (ja) * 2000-10-27 2011-04-13 四国化工機株式会社 注出装置
AT503831B1 (de) * 2006-06-29 2008-10-15 Walter Bock Dose

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2911128A (en) * 1951-10-22 1959-11-03 Krautkramer Adam Spout and cap for a container
US3225973A (en) * 1962-07-13 1965-12-28 Waddington Rogor Strange Grommet appliances
US3239112A (en) * 1964-05-21 1966-03-08 Polymold Plastics Inc Dispensing closure with removable diaphragm
US3278089A (en) * 1960-12-21 1966-10-11 Continental Can Co Spout-type container closure
US3300081A (en) * 1963-09-13 1967-01-24 Muhlhoff Friedrich Tear strip arrangement for a cup-shaped closure lid for containers of synthetic plastic material
US3310206A (en) * 1965-03-08 1967-03-21 R W Shore Mfg Co Inc Pull-out spout assembly

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2911128A (en) * 1951-10-22 1959-11-03 Krautkramer Adam Spout and cap for a container
US3278089A (en) * 1960-12-21 1966-10-11 Continental Can Co Spout-type container closure
US3225973A (en) * 1962-07-13 1965-12-28 Waddington Rogor Strange Grommet appliances
US3300081A (en) * 1963-09-13 1967-01-24 Muhlhoff Friedrich Tear strip arrangement for a cup-shaped closure lid for containers of synthetic plastic material
US3239112A (en) * 1964-05-21 1966-03-08 Polymold Plastics Inc Dispensing closure with removable diaphragm
US3310206A (en) * 1965-03-08 1967-03-21 R W Shore Mfg Co Inc Pull-out spout assembly

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3752369A (en) * 1970-07-06 1973-08-14 Carnaud & Forges Container spout and pouring nozzle
US4462507A (en) * 1979-04-26 1984-07-31 Sterling Drug Inc. Dispensing closure for closing a canister containing dispensable articles
US4526291A (en) * 1983-05-16 1985-07-02 Sterling Drug Inc. Dispensing package for containing and dispensing articles
US4863047A (en) * 1988-10-27 1989-09-05 Crow Chet H Container with seal and cap
US5462183A (en) * 1994-02-07 1995-10-31 Aptargroup, Inc. Closure with a tamper-evident element
US5839627A (en) * 1994-11-07 1998-11-24 Hicks; William D. Container having improved reclosable pour spout mounted thereon and process therefor
WO1997035776A1 (en) * 1996-03-26 1997-10-02 Poly Industries Pty. Ltd. Closure having tube aperture
AU712456B2 (en) * 1996-03-26 1999-11-04 Poly Industries Pty. Ltd. Closure having tube aperture
US5755360A (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-05-26 Aptargroup, Inc. Multi-material, multi-shot, injection molded dispensing closure having a removable seal
US5769277A (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-06-23 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing closure having a force-directing removable seal
US5992668A (en) * 1996-07-11 1999-11-30 Aptargroup, Inc. Sealed dispensing closure with a sealed penetrator
US6056142A (en) * 1996-07-11 2000-05-02 Aptargroup, Inc. Sealed dispensing closure with a seal penetrator
US5829610A (en) * 1996-09-13 1998-11-03 Aptargroup, Inc. Closure with a tamper-indicating element optionally suitable for use as a tool
US6045004A (en) * 1998-03-20 2000-04-04 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing structure with dispensing valve and barrier penetrator
US5927549A (en) * 1998-03-20 1999-07-27 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing structure with frangible membrane for separating two products
US5853109A (en) * 1998-04-29 1998-12-29 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing structure with displaceable penetrator and bistable cover actuator
US6003728A (en) * 1998-10-22 1999-12-21 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing structure with an openable member for separating two products
US6360909B1 (en) 2000-02-18 2002-03-26 Sonoco Development, Inc. Container closure having a frangible seal
US20090159607A1 (en) * 2002-06-27 2009-06-25 Oliver Clemens Robert Kratzer Pouring and sealing attachment
US20040217083A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2004-11-04 Gerry Mavin Closures and containers in combination therewith
US20070075083A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-04-05 Mc Clellan W T Non-contaminating milk or food container seal and seal removal system
US20110233211A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2011-09-29 Mc Clellan W Thomas One-piece non-contaminating milk or food container seal and seal removal system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IE32381L (en) 1969-04-30
NL163478C (nl) 1980-09-15
JPS4944256B1 (de) 1974-11-27
GB1216599A (en) 1970-12-23
DE1804641A1 (de) 1969-05-14
BR6803594D0 (pt) 1973-04-19
NL163478B (nl) 1980-04-15
NL6815206A (de) 1969-05-02
FI50233C (fi) 1976-01-12
ES155366Y (es) 1971-01-01
ES155366U (es) 1970-03-16
CH480994A (fr) 1969-11-15
DE1817748A1 (de) 1970-11-12
NO124591B (de) 1972-05-08
AT293262B (de) 1971-09-27
BE722768A (de) 1969-04-01
FR1589904A (de) 1970-04-06
SE341352B (de) 1971-12-20
IE32381B1 (en) 1973-07-11
FI50233B (de) 1975-09-30

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