US3495419A - Cryogenic cooling apparatus - Google Patents

Cryogenic cooling apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3495419A
US3495419A US720660A US3495419DA US3495419A US 3495419 A US3495419 A US 3495419A US 720660 A US720660 A US 720660A US 3495419D A US3495419D A US 3495419DA US 3495419 A US3495419 A US 3495419A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
gas
cooling apparatus
frusto
cryogenic cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US720660A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Revie Hart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hymatic Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hymatic Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB48234/67A external-priority patent/GB1216189A/en
Application filed by Hymatic Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Hymatic Engineering Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3495419A publication Critical patent/US3495419A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0276—Laboratory or other miniature devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/028—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of at least one medium being helically coiled, the coils having a conical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing

Definitions

  • a heat exchanger for a cryogenic cooling apparatus comprises a finned tube in the form of a frusto-conical coil, of about 90 total angle, through which refrigerant gas under pressure is supplied to an expansion nozzle adjacent the smaller end of the coil so as to expand and produce cooling by the Joule Thomson effect, whence the low-pressure gas flows back outwards between the fins around the tube.
  • This invention relates to cryogenic cooling apparatus, and is particularly, though not exclusively, concerned with small high speed coolers which are intended on each operation (or on their only operation) to produce low temperature, possibly of the order of that of liquid air, within quite a short time, for example a few seconds, and to maintain the temperature also for a relatively short time, perhaps of the order of a minute or two.
  • the invention is concerned with the type of cryogenic cooling apparatus including a heat exchanger formed by a finned tube wound in the form of a coil through which refrigerant gas is supplied to an expansion nozzle to expand and produce cooling by the Joule Thomson effect, whence the low pressure gas returns over the outer surface of the finned tube.
  • the coil is of frusto-conical form with its smaller end towards the expansion nozzle.
  • the coil may have a total included angle of approximately 90.
  • the coil is interposed between inner and outer frusto-conical surfaces and at least one filament is wound in the gap between the fins and one of these surfaces to divert the gas into closer contact with the tube and fins.
  • the passageway for the low pressure exhaust refrigerant gas should be of continually increasing crosssection in the direction of flow.
  • the frusto-conical form employed in accordance with the invention is a substantial improvement on a cylindrical helical coil.
  • a portion of the tube at its warm end is in good heat exchange relationship with a heat sink, such as a portion of the body of the apparatus of substantial mass.
  • a heat sink such as a portion of the body of the apparatus of substantial mass.
  • the unfinned portion is preferably in good heat exchange relationship with the heat sink by being soldered to it, for example by being embedded in a substantial body of solder.
  • the invention is shown as applied to a cryogenic cooling apparatus intended to reduce the temperature of a small component or load to a value of the order of K. in a few seconds, and retain it at that temperature for a minute or two, for which purpose it is supplied with a charge of refrigerant gas such as air, oxygen, nitrogen, or argon under high pressure.
  • refrigerant gas such as air, oxygen, nitrogen, or argon under high pressure.
  • the cooler comprises an outer annular body 10, which it will be assumed is arranged with its axis vertical, of which the lower part 11 contains or contacts the component to be cooled and which has in it a central bore 12, affording a collecting chamber for a supply of the liquid refrigerant. Above the collecting chamber the bore widens out to afford a frusto-conical recess 15 of approximately included angle. Within the frusto-conical recess, but spaced from it, is a frusto-conical plug 16 conveniently in the form of a hollow chamber 17 of stainless steel the top of which is formed by a mushroom shaped coupling member 18 the stem 19 of which is formed as a coupling 20 for connection to the gas inlet and contains a filter 21.
  • a thin finned tube 25 is wound in a coil on the frustoconical surface of the plug. Its innerend 26, deprived of fins, extends diametrically across the plug and is secured to it and blocked at its extreme end whilst a small hole is formed in its wall to constitute an expansion nozzle. Thence the tube is wound in a frusto-conical coil on the corresponding surface of the plug with a thread or filament 30 of Terylene wound in the gaps between the fins of adjacent convolutions and the adjacent surface of the plug. A similar winding 31 of Terylene thread or filament is wound in the corresponding outer grooves between adjacent convolutions of the finned tube, and the plug is then inserted into the conical recess in the outer body. The outer end of the coiled tube extends radially into the coupling by which it is connected to the gas supply.
  • This unfinned length of tube is embedded in a substantial mass 35 of solder uniting it and thermally anchoring it to the body of the apparatus.
  • a cover 3 6 fits round the stem 19 and the body 10', to which it is sealed by rings 3-7 and 38 respectively, and is provided with an outlet connection 3 9 for the low pressure gas.
  • the operation of the device is in accordance with known practice.
  • the gas under high pressure is released to the inlet it flows spirally through the tubular coil to its inner end Where it escapes from the expansion nozzle, and thence flows outwardly in a diverging path through the gap between the conical recess and the conical plug in intimate contact with the fins and tubes so as to cool the incoming gas.
  • the refrigerant gas begins to be liquified, and a supply of the liquid refrigerant collects in the collecting chamber so as to maintain the temperature within the required range for a further period after the supply of gas is exhausted.
  • the mass 35 of solder connected to the coupling member 18 functions as a heat sink as already described to prevent undue rise of temperature of the unfinned part of the tube 25 when the gas in it is initially compressed.
  • a cryogenic cooling apparatus including a heat exchanger formed by a finned tube wound in the form of a frusto-conical coil having a total included angle of approximately 90, an expansion nozzle connected to the outlet end of the tube, means for connecting the inlet end of the tube to a source of gas under pressure at a temperature below its conversion temperature to effect expansion at the nozzle and cooling by the Joule Thomson efiect, inner and outer frusto-conical surfaces between which the coil is interposed to direct the low pressure gas from the nozzle back over the outer surface of the finned tube, and at least one filament wound in the cap between the fins and one of the said frusto-conical surfaces to divert the gas into closer contact with the tube and fins.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the tube is of narrow bore and emerges from a much more Substantial body and has an unfinned portion between the body and the finned portion and the unfinned portionis in good heat exchange relationship with a heat sink formed by a portion of the body by being soldered to it.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US720660A 1967-04-14 1968-04-11 Cryogenic cooling apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3495419A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB48234/67A GB1216189A (en) 1967-04-14 1967-04-14 Improvements relating to cryogenic cooling apparatus
GB1735667 1967-04-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3495419A true US3495419A (en) 1970-02-17

Family

ID=26252633

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US720660A Expired - Lifetime US3495419A (en) 1967-04-14 1968-04-11 Cryogenic cooling apparatus

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3495419A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4844423B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE713685A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH481353A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1751155A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1559510A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU55877A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6805104A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO119537B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3696813A (en) * 1971-10-06 1972-10-10 Cryomedics Cryosurgical instrument
US3926011A (en) * 1974-06-24 1975-12-16 Bendix Corp Head assembly for a cryogenic cooler
US3990265A (en) * 1974-05-03 1976-11-09 The Hymatic Engineering Company Limited Joule-Thomson liquifier utilizing the Leidenfrost principle
US4621279A (en) * 1983-10-13 1986-11-04 Telefunken Electronic Gmbh Non-evacuated, rapidly coolable housing for an opto-electronic semiconductor component
US4625229A (en) * 1983-10-13 1986-11-25 Telefunken Electronic Gmbh Arrangement for permitting rapid cooling of an electronic component operable at low temperatures

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5135622U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-09-10 1976-03-17
FR2602316B1 (fr) * 1986-07-31 1988-08-26 Air Liquide Refroidisseur joule-thomson, procede de fabrication et cryostat comprenant ce refroidisseur
FR2611870B1 (fr) * 1987-03-06 1989-06-09 Air Liquide Refroidisseur miniature a detente joule-thomson et son procede de fabrication
EP3483388A1 (en) * 2017-11-08 2019-05-15 Robert Bosch GmbH Radial piston motor

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3018643A (en) * 1959-09-15 1962-01-30 Philco Corp Cryogenic refrigerating means
US3095711A (en) * 1962-01-31 1963-07-02 Jr Howard P Wurtz Double cryostat
US3364697A (en) * 1965-07-30 1968-01-23 British Oxygen Co Ltd Gas liquefier

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3018643A (en) * 1959-09-15 1962-01-30 Philco Corp Cryogenic refrigerating means
US3095711A (en) * 1962-01-31 1963-07-02 Jr Howard P Wurtz Double cryostat
US3364697A (en) * 1965-07-30 1968-01-23 British Oxygen Co Ltd Gas liquefier

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3696813A (en) * 1971-10-06 1972-10-10 Cryomedics Cryosurgical instrument
US3990265A (en) * 1974-05-03 1976-11-09 The Hymatic Engineering Company Limited Joule-Thomson liquifier utilizing the Leidenfrost principle
US3926011A (en) * 1974-06-24 1975-12-16 Bendix Corp Head assembly for a cryogenic cooler
US4621279A (en) * 1983-10-13 1986-11-04 Telefunken Electronic Gmbh Non-evacuated, rapidly coolable housing for an opto-electronic semiconductor component
US4625229A (en) * 1983-10-13 1986-11-25 Telefunken Electronic Gmbh Arrangement for permitting rapid cooling of an electronic component operable at low temperatures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4844423B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-25
FR1559510A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-03-07
LU55877A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-07-09
DE1751155A1 (de) 1971-05-19
NO119537B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-01
CH481353A (fr) 1969-11-15
NL6805104A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-10-15
BE713685A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-08-16

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