US3492206A - Printing method utilizing electrolysis - Google Patents

Printing method utilizing electrolysis Download PDF

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Publication number
US3492206A
US3492206A US570149A US3492206DA US3492206A US 3492206 A US3492206 A US 3492206A US 570149 A US570149 A US 570149A US 3492206D A US3492206D A US 3492206DA US 3492206 A US3492206 A US 3492206A
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Prior art keywords
layer
image
printing
electrolysis
printing method
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US570149A
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English (en)
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Satoru Honjo
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/382—Contact thermal transfer or sublimation processes
    • B41M5/38207—Contact thermal transfer or sublimation processes characterised by aspects not provided for in groups B41M5/385 - B41M5/395
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
    • B41M5/03—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet by pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/24—Ablative recording, e.g. by burning marks; Spark recording
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/34—Imagewise removal by selective transfer, e.g. peeling away
    • G03F7/346—Imagewise removal by selective transfer, e.g. peeling away using photosensitive materials other than non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds

Definitions

  • a printing method comprising providing an electrically conductive material coated with a layer of stripping material selectively removing the coating layer in accordance with an image to be reproduced, subjecting the exposed portions of the electrically conductive material to electrolysis or electrophoresis to form a deposit thereon and transferring the deposit to a transfer surface to obtain a copy.
  • This invention relates to a new printing method.
  • Ordinarily printing is by a method employing a printing ink, and a printing machine. Because of the complicated printing mechanisms necessary however, highly skilled techniques are required for the printing operation. It is unavoidable when employing this method that workers hands were readily smeared and clothes often ruined. Of late, simple offset printers overcoming these disadvantages have been marketed but there still appears to be much more room for improvement in methods of printing.
  • Mimeographs have also been employed for a long time as a simplified printing means but the quality of images obtained thereby are inferior when compared with that of a relief or flat plate, and the apparatus for making stencils is rather expensive.
  • the number that can be printed is small and instead of a deep black image, a blue-violet one is obtained.
  • electrostatic printing method wherein electrostatic latent images are formed and a powdered ink (toner) is caused to adhere thereto.
  • This method is not the best however, since additional complicated developing means and latent image forming means are necessary.
  • An important object of this invention is to provide an improved printing method wherein the number of prints or copies made is large and the image forming material can be selected from a wide range.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a printing method requiring no skill on the part of the operator in the printing operation.
  • the present invention is concerned with the printing method of forming images by depositing particles utilizing a phenomena such as electrolysis or electrophoresis on an electrode or utilizing a color forming phenomenon accompanying the oxidation-reaction. That is to say, the invention is characterized by coating a thin layer of a metal or a material sufficiently electrically conductive mounted continuously on a substrate support with a suitable material, eliminating the coated layer in accordance with an image to be reproduced by a suitable optical or mechanical means and thereby exposing the electric con- 3,492,206 Patented Jan. 27, 1970 ductive layer on that part to prepare a printing original and subjecting it to electrolysis to obtain two or more copy prints.
  • a light hardenable resin layer When a part exposed to light is hardened and made insoluble by a solvent, the coated layer is Washed with the solvent and the unexposed part is dissolved as the electrically conductive layer on a base plate is exposed.
  • Illustrative of this resin layer are gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol containing bichromate, these consisting essentially of polyvinyl cinnamate, as well as others containing light hardenable diazo compounds.
  • a method of utilizing a tanning development of a silver salt light-sensitive layer in combination may also be employed.
  • a pressure sensitive stripping layer This is a layer capable of being damaged and stripped from a base by pressing or capable of being strongly adhesive and removed to a transfer material to expose the base by pressing.
  • Illustrative of this type is a layer containing pressure sensitive and breakable capsules and illustrative of that are brushed resin layers and Wax layers used in tachometers for automobiles or carbon papers.
  • a heat sensitive stripping layer This is a layer having a suitable heat softening temperature and capable of being transferred to a transfer material in contact therewith in those parts that are heated to a temperature higher than the remainder of the ma terial.
  • This recording material is placed upon an original and subjected to reflection or image through exposure, for example, by the Thermofax process of the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company.
  • An electrically conductive layer may be of a thin metal layer or metal plate or in some cases, carbon black or a finely divided metal dispersed in a suitable binding agent. It may contain a hydroscopic inorganic salt, organic compound-polyhydric alcohol mainly or an electrolyte. Typical or a support are paper and plastics. As the adhesion of a metal layer and insulating layer vary with the variety of the combination thereof, a sub-layer having no influence upon the conductivity may be provided when the adhesion is bad. A thin film of polyamide resin, linear polyester resin or maleic acid copolymer may be used therefor.
  • a pressure sensitive adhesive layer may be used in place of a pressure sensitive layer in order to strip only the image part.
  • a left-right reverse image is formed on the master.
  • a writing pressure or type pressure is preferably applied from the side of the support. If so, the electrically conductive image is left-right reverse and the normal image is obtained on the transfer material.
  • the transfer material is transparent, there is no such restriction as described above and furthermore, the writing may be done on the side of the recording layer.
  • the material formed on the image part by electrolysis may be so as to be transferred readily to a transfer material.
  • material deposited on metal surfaces is transferred to others relatively easily, but the transferring may be diflicult sometimes due to the fact that the metal surface has an affinity for fine particles that the image consists of.
  • a layer is provided to ease the transfer of the deposited image to such an extent that the passage of electric current is not hindered.
  • a thin layer of silicone type releasing layer is applied to the surface carrying an electrically conductive image, or a silicone oil is applied by spraying.
  • the electrolytic development is carried out by the procedures that follow.
  • Aqueous solutions containing silver nitrate, nickel chloride, copper sulfate, etc. are typical of a solution containing a suitable electrolyte and a metal ion of noble oxidation-reduction potential.
  • the conductive area of a recording layer acts as a negative pole and silver or nickel is obtained.
  • Illustrative of a material depositing an image are lead thiosulfate, antimony chloride, antimony oxysulfate and potassium antimonate.
  • the side of the recording layer acts as the negative electrode.
  • Coloring matters or other image forming materials can also be obtained by utilizing the changes of pH accompanying the electrolysis.
  • a solution containing a diazo compound and material capable of coupling is coupled by raising the pH near a negative electrode.
  • a hydroxide may be precipitated at a negative electrode by incorporating into said solution a Water soluble metal salt whose hydroxide is water insoluble.
  • an image consisting of carbon black can be made.
  • carbon black when carbon black is dispersed in a resin that is water soluble when acid, it becomes water insoluble with an increase in the pH and the resin is made insoluble by the negative electrode. The carbon black is then precipitated simultaneously to form a black image.
  • a white pigment is used in place of carbon black in another embodiment, the image is obtained on black transfer paper.
  • Illustrative of this is a polyamide resin having a high amine value.
  • the metal of an electrode may also participate in the reaction.
  • the reaction of iron ion with pyrogallol or pyrocatechnic acid has been famous from olden times and using this reaction, a blue-black image is obtained. At this time, iron ion is given by oxidation at an electrode. In this case however, the number to be printed is restricted by the consumption of the electrode.
  • the condition for electrolysis is adjusted by thecomposition of the electrolyte or the kind of an electrolytic reaction within such a range so that the insulating layer on a non-image part is not broken. It has been found,
  • EXAMPLE 1 The following composition was charged to a porcelain ball mill and blended to give a uniform mixture.
  • Zinc stearate powder Polyamide resin Versamid 100 by General Mills Co.
  • Epoxy resin Epon 1007 Shell Chemical Co.
  • Butanol 40 Methyl ethyl ketone 40 Toluene 20 An aluminum foil was laminated on one side of a soft white paper and this solution was applied to the side of the foil to be 10 microns in thickness when dry. After drying, the coated laminate was allowed to stand at room temperature for two days to harden the resin completely. When writing pressure was applied to the layer from the side of the paper, the pressed layer was stripped to expose the metal surface.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Parts Butadiene-styrene copolymer resin Pliolite S-SD-.. 6 Barium stearate 40 Tricresyl phosphate Q. 0.2 Castor oil 10 Toluene 100
  • an imitation paper having a thickness of 40 microns was provided the one side of which was coated with an adhesive layer of 2 microns in thickness consisting of 10 parts of chlorinated rubber, 7 parts of castor oil and 10 parts of titanium oxide.
  • EXAMPLE 3 An original paper was prepared by laminating a thin layer of aluminum on one side of imitation paper of 40 microns in thickness. Firstly, a partially saponified polyvinyl acetate was applied to the surface of aluminum to give a thickness of about 0.5 micron and then a lightsensitive resin, Kodak Photo Resist manufactured by Eastman Kodak Co. of Rochester, N.Y., was applied thereto to be 2 microns in thickness on a dry base in a dark place. After drying, the paper was tightly adhered to a positive original, exposed to ultraviolet ray and surface treated with trichlene. Since there did not occur the light hardening on the image area, the area was dissolved in trichlene to expose the aluminum.
  • a lightsensitive resin Kodak Photo Resist manufactured by Eastman Kodak Co. of Rochester, N.Y.
  • a method of printing comprising providing a continuous electrically insulating, strippable coating layer on an electrically continuous, conductive base, selectively removing said coating layer in accordance with an image to be reproduced by subjecting said coating layer to the action of either heat or pressure, thereby selectively exposing said electrically conductive base, connecting said base to the electrode of an electrolysis or electrophoresis bath until there is a deposit on said base and then transferring said deposit to a transfer surface.
  • said insulating coating layer is a pressure sensitive stripping material and is removed from said electrically continuous, conductive base by applying local pressure thereto from the other side of said base.
  • said insulating coating layer is a pressure sensitive stripping material, wherein there is additionally provided a receiving sheet coated with an adhesive layer, and wherein said insulating coating layer is removed from said electrically continuous, conductive base by applying local pressure thereto from the other side of said base while said insulating coating layer and said adhesive layer are in contact, whereby said insulating coating layer is selectively transferred to said adhesive layer.
  • said insulating coating layer is a heat sensitive stripping material and is removed from said electrically continu ous, conductive base by applying heat through an appropriate mask to cause the coating to selectively soften, which softened coating is then removed in accordance with the form of image to be reproduced, thus exposing said electrically conductive base.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
US570149A 1965-08-04 1966-08-04 Printing method utilizing electrolysis Expired - Lifetime US3492206A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4704665 1965-08-04

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US3492206A true US3492206A (en) 1970-01-27

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US (1) US3492206A (cs)
BE (1) BE685072A (cs)
GB (1) GB1160435A (cs)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4462873A (en) * 1982-07-16 1984-07-31 Eiji Watanabe Method of fixedly arranging an array of electroformed letters or the like on an article
US4732815A (en) * 1984-08-20 1988-03-22 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Heat transfer sheet
US4911075A (en) * 1988-08-19 1990-03-27 Presstek, Inc. Lithographic plates made by spark discharges
EP0363148A3 (en) * 1988-10-04 1991-03-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus and image forming method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1963834A (en) * 1933-01-14 1934-06-19 Moto Mcter Gauge & Equipment C Method of ornamentation
US2306082A (en) * 1940-04-27 1942-12-22 Clarence O Prest Method for line or design reproduction by electrolysis
US2874085A (en) * 1953-10-27 1959-02-17 Northern Engraving & Mfg Co Method of making printed circuits
US3037923A (en) * 1957-12-26 1962-06-05 Sylvania Electric Prod Process for electrophoretically coating a metal with particulate carbon material
US3152969A (en) * 1960-07-28 1964-10-13 Eastman Kodak Co Photoconductolithography employing hydrophobic images

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1963834A (en) * 1933-01-14 1934-06-19 Moto Mcter Gauge & Equipment C Method of ornamentation
US2306082A (en) * 1940-04-27 1942-12-22 Clarence O Prest Method for line or design reproduction by electrolysis
US2874085A (en) * 1953-10-27 1959-02-17 Northern Engraving & Mfg Co Method of making printed circuits
US3037923A (en) * 1957-12-26 1962-06-05 Sylvania Electric Prod Process for electrophoretically coating a metal with particulate carbon material
US3152969A (en) * 1960-07-28 1964-10-13 Eastman Kodak Co Photoconductolithography employing hydrophobic images

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Publication number Publication date
BE685072A (cs) 1967-01-16
GB1160435A (en) 1969-08-06

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