US3492103A - Method and apparatus for drawing out glass filaments - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for drawing out glass filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3492103A
US3492103A US705468A US3492103DA US3492103A US 3492103 A US3492103 A US 3492103A US 705468 A US705468 A US 705468A US 3492103D A US3492103D A US 3492103DA US 3492103 A US3492103 A US 3492103A
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United States
Prior art keywords
drum
filaments
dropshaped
filament
drawing drum
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Expired - Lifetime
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US705468A
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English (en)
Inventor
Werner Hugo Wilhelm Schuller
Wolfgang Schuller
Heinz Keib
Harald Hohlfeld
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WERNER H W SCHULLER
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WERNER H W SCHULLER
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/03—Drawing means, e.g. drawing drums ; Traction or tensioning devices

Definitions

  • the dropshaped lower ends of the filaments are fed to a lower preliminary second drawing drum which holds the filaments spaced a smaller distance from the first drawing drum while drawing out the filaments.
  • Air currents produced by the first drawing drum or other movable means move the filaments into engagement with the first drawing drum so that the dropshaped lower ends of the filaments are severed in a region spaced from the first drawing drum, whereby the dropshaped ends of the filaments cannot come into contact with the first drawing drum while the filaments partly drawn out by said second drawing drum are further drawn out by said first drawing drum.
  • Filaments with dropshaped ends are newly formed at the start of a drawing operation, and whenever a filament breaks. It is important that the dropshaped ends are not carried by the drawing drum into the final product since the dropshaped ends have diameters between ten times and twenty times the desired diameter of the filament. Since the dropshaped ends are thick and stiff they seriously impair the flexibility of the final product such as a mat, glass fiber band or glass yarn fabrics. It is even possible that the dropshaped ends out other filaments or fibers of the final product when the same is rolled, compressed or bent. When the dropshaped endsreach the main drawing drum, they may rebound and tear the adjacent filaments which causes an interruption of the filament production.
  • preliminary drawing drums are used in accordance with the prior art for the purpose of drawing the newly formed filaments to a certain thickness at which it breaks so that the dropshaped ends are severed and only the remaining filament is engaged by the drawing drum proper and further drawn out and transported by the same.
  • the dropshaped ends of the newly formed filament enters a gap between the drawing drum proper, and a preliminary drawing drum 3,492,103 Patented Jan. 27, 1970 which rotates opposite to the direction of rotation of the drawing drum, and has a substantially smaller diameter.
  • the German Patent 822,004 and the Belgian Patent 639,800 disclose apparatus of this type.
  • the known apparatus is not entirely reliable because the dropshaped ends are sometimes not entirely removed by the preliminary drawing drum, but are caught by the drawing drum proper and thus enter the final product and unbalance and damage the drawing drum.
  • the filaments cannot be spaced from each other less than 7 millimeters since the dropshaped ends have a certain size, and a slight oscillatory movement of the filament with the dropshaped end brings the same into contact with adjacent filaments which are damaged.
  • a plurality of rows of staggered orifices is provided, so that the drawn off filaments can be spaced a smaller distance while the filaments of each row are spaced at least 7 millimeters.
  • glass as used in the present application includes also other like mineral materials.
  • Another object of the invention is to sever the dropshaped ends of newly formed mineral filaments in a region spaced from the drawing drum so that the dropshaped ends cannot engage the drawing drum, damage other filaments, or enter the final product.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a preliminary drawing drum which draws out the lower ends of the newly formed filaments while the same move along a path spaced from the drawing drum proper until the dropshaped ends are severed, and the filament is further drawn out by the drawing drum.
  • the dropshaped ends of downward moving newly formed filaments are drawn out by a preliminary drawing drum in a position spaced from the vertical plane in which the newly formed filaments move downward.
  • the partly drawn out filaments without the dropshaped ends are then moved exactly at right angles to the axis of the drawing drum and located in the proper position between other adjacent filaments which are already engaged and drawn by the drawing drum.
  • the dropshaped ends do not enter a gap between the preliminary drawing drum and the drawing drum, as is the case in the prior art, but remain always on the same side of the two drums, passing over a surface portion of the lower preliminary drawing drum which faces away from the higher drawing drum.
  • This arrangement prevents the dropshaped ends from ever entering the region in which rows of filaments are drawn out by the higher drawing drum. Since the filaments are located on the same side of the two drums, the same rotate in the same direction of rotation.
  • One method of the invention comprises the steps of downward discharging glass or mineral filaments from a row of orifices in a vertical plane spaced a selected first distance in a horizontal plane from the surface of a first drawing drum so that the filaments in the vertical planeare not caught by the surface of the first drawing drum, and placing the lower dropshaped ends of the filaments in contact with the surface of a second lower preliminary drawing drum.
  • the preliminary drawing drum engages the filaments, positions the same between filaments extending from the orifices to the first drawing drum, and draws out the filaments While the same move along a path extending from the orifices to the surface of the second preliminary drawing drum.
  • This path is spaced in the above-mentioned horizontal plane from the surface of the first drawing drum, a distance which is smaller than the first mentioned distance.
  • the filaments are displaced for example by air currents produced by the first drawing drum, .or by other means, from said path into engagement with the first drawing drum after the dropshaped ends are severed, and the first drawing drum further draws out the filaments.
  • the vertical plane and the path of the filaments are located on the same side of the two drums which rotate in the same direction.
  • the surface of the second preliminary drawing drum is continuously cleaned by a scraper.
  • An embodiment of the apparatus of the invention comprises a spinneret having orifices for forming glass filaments moving downwards in a vertical plane; a first rotary drum located below the spinneret and having a first surface spaced from the vertical plane of the filaments a first distance selected so that the filaments are not caught by the first surface; a second rotary drum located below the first rotary drum and having a second surface positioned so that a tangential line or plane extending from the spinneret to the second surface is spaced from the first surface a second distance smaller than the first distance; feeding means, preferably in the form of a slanted guide member, for moving the lower dropshaped ends of the filaments from the vertical plane to a preliminary first drawing position located in the tangential line so that the filaments are engaged, positioned between the filaments extending from the spinneret to the first rotary drum, and drawn out by the second drum; and means for displacing the filaments said second distance from the preliminary first drawing position to a second drawing position engaged by the
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus according to the German Patent 822,004 and US. Patent 2,838,879. Glass drops are formed at the orifices of conical nozzles 1 of a spinneret 2 which is filled with liquid glass. The glass drops separate from nozzles 1 and move downward due to the force of gravity forming filaments 4 whose leading lower ends 3 are dropshaped and include an upwardly tapered portion 13 which is thicker than the filament 4.
  • a drawing drum 5 rotates in the direction of the arrow B and a smaller drum 8 is disposed below drawing drum 5 and rotates in the opposite direction C.
  • a curved guide plate 10 is closely spaced from the preliminary drawing drum 8 and has an end portion located in the region of gap 7 and forming with the end portion of a curved cover plate 12, a separating edge 11 located in gap 7 for guiding the dropshaped ends 3 and the respective filaments 4 away from the surface of drawing drum 5 and into engagement with the surface of drum 8.
  • Cover plate 12 forms with the surface of drawing drum 5, an air channel through which air streams produced by the rotating drawing drum 5 are guided away from gap 7.
  • Drum 8 rotates at a high speed in the direction C so that the dropshaped end portions 3, 13, are urged to move away from the filament portions on the surface of drawing drum 5 so that the filaments are drawn out until they are sufiiciently thin to break in the region 14 so that the dropshaped ends are thrown off by drum 8 in direction of the arrow D, while the filaments are transported and drawn out by drawing drum 5 until they have the desired thickness.
  • the separating edge 11 is constructed to engage the filament portion between the surfaces of drums 5 and 8 so that a kink is formed in the filament at which the same breaks.
  • dropshaped ends may enter the gap between cover plate 12 and the surface of drawing drum 5 and are transported with the filaments drawn out by drum 5 so that they get into the final product, or even cut or damage filaments on the surface of drawing drum 5.
  • filaments are cut in this manner, it is necessary to form a new filament whose dropshaped end may cause the same disturbance so that a great number of filaments break.
  • a spinneret 2 with three rows I, II, III of nozzles 1 discharges three rows of downwardly moving filaments 4 located in vertical planes and having dropshaped lower ends 3 including a tapered portion 13.
  • a first drawing drum 5 is mounted for rotation on a shaft .17, and has a cylindrical rotary surface which is spaced at finst distance from the vertical planes in which filaments 4 move downwards. This distance is selected so that the dropshaped ends 3, and the filaments 4 can neither touch, nor be caught by drum 5, even if the same produces air currents causing suction.
  • a second preliminary drawing drum 8 is located below the first drawing drum 5, and is driven to rotate in the same direction as drawing drum 5, as indicated by the arrows B and B'.
  • a downwardly inclined guide member 16 has a higher portion located in the vertical planes of filaments 4, and a lower portion located in the proximity of the surface of the preliminary drawing-drum 8.
  • the dropshaped end portions 3 of filaments 4 slide downward on the slanted surface of guidemembe'r 16, until they assume a position in contact with the surface ''of the preliminary drawing drum 8.-Filaments 4 in this position extend along a line or plane connecting the respective nozzle 1 with the surface of preliminary drawing drum 8.
  • the line or plane of filaments 4 is still spaced in horizontal direction from the surface of drawing drum 5, but the distance is much smaller than the distance between the filaments 4 and the drawing drum 5, which is preferably between 10 millimeters and 100 millimeters.
  • Filaments 4 are drawn out by the rotating preliminary drawing drum 8 until they are thin enough to be displaced by the suction of the air currents produced by drawing drum to a position engaging the surface of the same and forming two portions 4" and 4".
  • drawing drum 5 transports the filament 4" while drawing out the same, the filament portion 4" breaks due to the continued action of the preliminary drawing drum 8, which throws the severed dropshaped end portion and the respective short filament portion 4" downward along the lower portion of guide member 16 and in a direction in which it is absolutely impossible that the dropshaped end portion 3 of a filament can come in contact with the higher drawing drum 5.
  • the distance between the vertical planes of the dropping filaments 4 and the surface of drawing drum 5 must be great enough so that the suction effect of the rotating drum cannot displace filaments 4 to such a degree that they could touch drawing drum 5, which is possible for filaments 4 which are spaced a smaller distance from the surface of drawing drum 5.
  • the distance between filament 4 and drum 5 depends on the construction of the spinneret or bushing 1, 2, on the surface texture and rotary speed of the drawing drum 5, and on the thickness of the newly formed filaments.
  • filaments 4' can be displaced into engagement with the surface of drawing drum 5 by oscillating the preliminary drawing drum 8 in direction of the arrows E, F between the positions 8 and 8'.
  • the shaft of drum 8 is mounted on an oscillatory lever for this purpose.
  • the filaments 4' will engage the surface of drum 5 only after they have been drawn out to a desired diameter. More particularly, the new filaments will enter the region of the filaments which are already drawn by drum 5, only after they have been subjected to preliminary drawing out by drum 8, so that the dropshaped end portions are severed from the remainin filaments which are drawn out by drum 5.
  • the path of filaments 4 extends to a portion of surface 8 which faces away from drum 5, and since both drums 5 and 8 are located on the same side of the newly formed filaments, the filaments 4 can drop downward to a greater length than in the constuction of the prior art described with reference to FIG. 1 so that the filaments are already drawn out to a substantial extent and more accurately placed by drum 8, before they are transferred to the drawing drum 5.
  • the preliminary drawing drum 8 In order to permit the newly formed filaments to drop a sufficiently great vertical distance before engaged by drum 8, the same is disposed a distance x from the higher drawing drum 5. It is possible to mount the preliminary drawing drum 8 in a pit below the supporting structure for the drawing drum 5 so that a very great length of the newly formed dropping filaments is obtained.
  • a curved cover plate 19 surounds a part of the surface of drawing drum 5, and ends in a portion 19a which deflects filaments which were not properly engaged by drawing drum 5. Such occurrence is extremely rare, but the provision of the portion 19a is a safety measure which prevents under all circumstances the engagement of the surface of drum 5 by a dropshaped end portion 3 so that a dropshaped end portion can never enter the final product, but do no greater damage than break the previously drawn filament 4', or the filament portion 4".
  • Filaments which are drawn by drum 5 extend along a tangential line, indicated at 4", so that they are in contact with a lubricating device 20 which applies a finish to the drawn filaments.
  • a stripper or scraper 21 continued in a guide plate 22, is provided, if desired, for transforming the filaments into fibers which are guided by guide plate 22 to apparatus for producing a glass fiber mat, or a twisted strand.
  • a scraper 23 engages the surface of the preliminary drawing drum 8 for removing filament ends. Material taken ofi drum 8 is guided toward a take-up roller 24. The position of scraper 23 depends on the position of drum 8, and if scraper 23 is provided, the deflecting portion 19a may be omitted.
  • the preliminary drawing drum 8 rotates about a stationary shaft and an additional guide structure 28, 29, is provided for displacing filaments 4 to the position 4", 4" and into engagement with the surface of the drawing drum 5.
  • Filaments drawn out by drum 8 are diplaced into engagement with the surface of drum 5, by a rotary guide structure which includes two end members located at the axial ends of drum 8, spokes 28 radially projecting from the end members, and connecting rods 29 connecting the outer ends of spokes 28 and extending parallel to the axis of rotation of drum 8, outwardly of the same.
  • the guide structure is rotated in the direction of the arrow K opposite to the direction of rotation of drums and 8, but at a low rotary speed so that connecting rods 29 engage filaments drawn out by drum 8 and move the same to a position engaging the surface of drawing drum 5 so that the filament portion 4" is in contact with the lubricating device 20, and the filament portion 4" is severed due to the continued rotation of drum 8.
  • the severed dropshaped ends are downwardly thrown by drum 8.
  • a rotary brush 30 cleans connecting rods 28.
  • a pair of endless chains supported on three or four rollers in the regions of the axial ends of drum 8, may be used for supporting the connecting rods 29.
  • FIG. 4 A third embodiment of the'invention is illustrated in FIG. 4 and has the same basic construction as the other embodiments.
  • two preliminary drawing drums 33 and 33a are provided which are mounted at the ends of a double-armed lever which is supported on a shaft 32 for oscillatory movement as indicated by the arrows L and M.
  • Preliminary drawing drums 33, 33a are rotated in the direction of the arrows B in the same direction as drawing drum 5 which rotates in the direction of the arrow B.
  • the newly formed filaments 4 have dropshaped ends 3 which are fed by a slanted guide member 31' to the lower preliminary drawing drum 33a which draws out the filament to a desired preliminary diameter.
  • a scraper 35a is provided for removing filament ends from the surface of drum 33 in the position shown in chain lines, and a scraper 35 is provided for the same purpose and cooperates with drum 33 in the solid line position.
  • the scraped off material is guided by guide plates 36a and 36 into the region of a pick-up roller 24, by which the material is wound up.
  • lever 34 is not oscillated, but continuously turned, preferably in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of drum 5.
  • preliminary drawing drums 33 and 33a rotate in the same direction as drawing drum 5.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 subjects the filaments for a longer period of time to the preliminary drawing out.
  • Such extension of the preliminary drawing will not result in a different diameter of the new filament but assures that the new filament can be precisely positioned in its proper spinning zone on drawing drum 5, andthe following apparatus, laterally spaced from adjacent filaments which are continuously drawn out by drum 5 in a position resembling a Warp shed consisting of parallel warp threads.
  • each newly formed filament must be placed precisely in the respective spinning zone without obstructing or damaging the other filaments. A deviation of only a few millimeters would cause the tearing of the adjacent continuously produced filaments.
  • An apparatus for drawing out newly formed filaments consisting of a fiberizable mineral material comprising, a spinneret having orifices for forming glass filaments moving downward in a vertical plane; a first rotary drum located below said spinneret and having a first peripheral surface spaced from said vertical plane in a horizontal plane a first distance selected so that filaments in said vertical plane are not caught by said first drum; a second rotary drum located below said first rotary drum and having a second peripheral surface positioned so that a tangential line extending from said spinneret to said second surface is spaced from said first surface in said horizontal plane a second distance smaller than said first distance; feeding means for moving the lower dropshaped ends of said filaments from said vertical plane to a preliminary first drawing position located in said tangential line so that said filaments are engaged, and drawn out by said second drum; and means for displacing said filaments said second distance from said first drawing position to a second drawing position engaged by said first surface so that said first drum further draws out said filaments when said dropshaped
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising parallel shaft means for rotating said first and second drums in the same direction of rotation; and wherein said first and second drums are located on the same side of said vertical plane.
  • said feeding means include a downwardly inclined guide member having a higher guide portion located in said vertical plane and a lower guide portion located in the proximity of said second drum for guiding said dropshaped lower ends of said filaments toward said second surface and into engagement with the same.
  • said means for displacing include means for mounting said first and second rotary drums in a position in which a tangent on said first and second surfaces forms a small angle with said tangential line, said angle and said second distance being so small that air currents produced by said first rotary drum displace said filaments from said first drawing position to said second drawing position engaged by said first rotary surface.
  • said means for displacing said filaments includes a rotary guide structure coaxial with said second rotary drum and surrounding the same; and comprising means for rotating said first and second rotary drums in the same direction, and said rotary guide structure in the opposite direction at a lower speed than said drums so that said rotary guide structure moves said filaments from said first drawing position to said second drawing position and into engagement with said first surface of said first rotary drum.
  • said guide structure includes end members located at the axial ends of said second rotary drum, and connecting rods connecting said end members and extending parallel to the axis of said second drum radially spaced from said second surface and crossing filaments which are in said first drawing position for moving the same toward said first drum and into said second drawing position.
  • said means for displacing said filaments include means for reciprocating said second drum in a substantially horizontal direction while engaging and drawing out said filaments so that the same are moved by said second drum from said first drawing position to said second drawing position and engaged by said first drum.
  • said means for displacing said filaments include double-armed lever means, turnable about a horizontal axis having said second drum mounted at one end thereof and a third rotary drum mounted on the other end of said lever means; means for rotating said three drums in the same direction; wherein said feeding means include a downward slanted guide member having a higher portion located in said vertical plane and a lower portion in the proximity of said third drum for guiding the lower ends of filaments located in said vertical plane into engagement with said third drum; and comprising shaft means for moving said lever means with said second and third drums so that said third drum first takes said filaments from said guide means and draws the same out whereupon due to the movement of said lever means, said second drum engages said filament and further draws the same out, and then displaces said filaments to said second drawing position engaged and further drawn out by said first drum.
  • An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including scraper means for cleaning said second surface of said second drum and including means for guiding filament ends away from said second surface.
  • a method for drawing out newly formed filaments consisting of glass comprising the steps of downward discharging molten glass filaments having dropshaped ends at a discharge point and in a vertical plane spaced a selected first distance in horizontal direction from a first rotary surface located below said discharge point so that the filaments moving downward in said vertical plane are spaced from said first rotary surface; moving the lower dropshaped ends of the filaments into contact with a second rotary surface located below said first rotary surface; rotating said second rotary surface so that the filaments are engaged, and downwardly drawn out by said second rotary surface to a predetermined thickness while moving along a path which extends from said discharge point to said second rotary surface and is spaced in said horizontal plane from said first rotary surface a second distance smaller than said first distance; displacing said filaments said second distance from said path and into engagement with said first rotary surface; and rotating said first rotary surface so that said first rotary surface further draws out said filaments, and said dropshaped ends are severed from said filaments and thrown away by said second rotary surface.
  • the method claimed in claim 12 comprising the steps of placing said first and second rotary surfaces on the same side of said path; and rotating said first and second rotary surfaces in the same direction.
  • step of displacing includes producing airstreams by said first rotary surface for moving said filaments into engagement with said first rotary surface.
  • step of displacing includes moving said second rotary surface with said filaments said second distance toward said first rotary surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US705468A 1967-02-16 1968-02-14 Method and apparatus for drawing out glass filaments Expired - Lifetime US3492103A (en)

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DEG0049281 1967-02-16

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US3492103A true US3492103A (en) 1970-01-27

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US (1) US3492103A (es)
AT (1) AT284363B (es)
BE (1) BE709989A (es)
CH (1) CH467223A (es)
CS (1) CS161838B2 (es)
DE (1) DE1596462C3 (es)
DK (1) DK132549C (es)
ES (1) ES348101A1 (es)
FI (1) FI47657C (es)
GB (1) GB1183421A (es)
NL (1) NL6802273A (es)
NO (1) NO120162B (es)
SE (1) SE333795B (es)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4252550A (en) * 1979-05-01 1981-02-24 Glaswerk Schuller Gmbh Method and apparatus for the integration of newly formed filaments into a continuous strand
US4368232A (en) * 1979-06-26 1983-01-11 Asahi Fiber Glass Company Limited Glass fiber mat and method of preparation thereof
CN114034227A (zh) * 2021-11-03 2022-02-11 泰山玻璃纤维邹城有限公司 玻璃纤维拉丝e距离的测量方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2838879A (en) * 1949-05-06 1958-06-17 Schuller Werner Apparatus for drawing glass filaments
FR1373611A (fr) * 1962-11-13 1964-09-25 Montedison Spa Appareil et procédé pour le filage du verre en continu

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2838879A (en) * 1949-05-06 1958-06-17 Schuller Werner Apparatus for drawing glass filaments
FR1373611A (fr) * 1962-11-13 1964-09-25 Montedison Spa Appareil et procédé pour le filage du verre en continu

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4252550A (en) * 1979-05-01 1981-02-24 Glaswerk Schuller Gmbh Method and apparatus for the integration of newly formed filaments into a continuous strand
US4368232A (en) * 1979-06-26 1983-01-11 Asahi Fiber Glass Company Limited Glass fiber mat and method of preparation thereof
CN114034227A (zh) * 2021-11-03 2022-02-11 泰山玻璃纤维邹城有限公司 玻璃纤维拉丝e距离的测量方法
CN114034227B (zh) * 2021-11-03 2024-02-06 泰山玻璃纤维邹城有限公司 玻璃纤维拉丝e距离的测量方法

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CS161838B2 (es) 1975-06-10
NL6802273A (es) 1968-08-19
AT284363B (de) 1970-09-10
CH467223A (de) 1969-01-15
DE1596462B2 (de) 1975-03-20
FI47657B (es) 1973-10-31
SE333795B (es) 1971-03-29
NO120162B (es) 1970-09-07
ES348101A1 (es) 1969-03-01
DE1596462A1 (de) 1971-02-25
DK132549C (da) 1976-05-24
BE709989A (es) 1968-07-26
FI47657C (fi) 1974-02-11
DK132549B (da) 1975-12-29
DE1596462C3 (de) 1975-10-30
GB1183421A (en) 1970-03-04

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