US3491872A - Justification device for a variable spacing typewriter - Google Patents

Justification device for a variable spacing typewriter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3491872A
US3491872A US607976A US3491872DA US3491872A US 3491872 A US3491872 A US 3491872A US 607976 A US607976 A US 607976A US 3491872D A US3491872D A US 3491872DA US 3491872 A US3491872 A US 3491872A
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lever
bail
lug
shaft
spring
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Expired - Lifetime
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US607976A
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English (en)
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Bernardino Francisco
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J19/00—Character- or line-spacing mechanisms
    • B41J19/18—Character-spacing or back-spacing mechanisms; Carriage return or release devices therefor
    • B41J19/60—Auxiliary feed or adjustment devices
    • B41J19/64—Auxiliary feed or adjustment devices for justifying

Definitions

  • a justification device for a proportional spacing typewriter in which a pair of members are manually settable to positions corresponding to corrections required for justification. One of the pair is for shortening the line and the other is for lengthening the line.
  • Normally ineffective control means, for determining spaces between words, are made effective upon one of the members being set for a correction by the operation of cam elements on each of the members. Common means for restoring either member that is set are actuated during corrective spacing.
  • This invention relates to a justification device for a proportional spacing typewriter having a transversely movable carriage, a pair of space bars individually depressible for normally causing said carriage to effect spaces of two different widths between the words, and manually settable means settable from a rest position to a position corresponding to the correction required for justifying the line, said settable means when so set being restored stepwise upon depression of each one of said space bars.
  • justification devices wherein the correction of the lineis effected on the spaces between the words.
  • the text is typed a first time in order to determine both the number of spaces between the words and the correction required. Then suitable means are set according to this number of spaces and said correction and the text is typed again. Since the correction is effected in all the spaces between the words the device is intricate and expensive.
  • the typewriter comprises a pair of space bars for typing spaces of different Widths and a master space bar carrying a differentially settable slide for selectively operating said bars according to the set position of said slide, a returning system being provided for stepwise returning the slide so set.
  • This device is unadapted to effect correction of the lines requiring alternately shortening and lengthening of the line.
  • the justification device which is characterized by normally ineffective control means for determining the Width of the space between the words to be effected by said carriage irrespective of which space bar is depressed, and a cam element on said settable means for rendering said control means effective as long as said settable means are located out of said rest position.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective partial view of a proportional spacing typewriter incorporating a justification device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a left side longitudinal partial sectional view of the justification device
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the device
  • FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view taken on the line IV-IV of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view taken on the line VV of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view taken on the line VIVI of FIG. 3.
  • the justification device is incorporated in a proportional spacing typewriter of the type described in the United States Patent No. 3,288,262.
  • the typewriter comprises a paper carriage generically indicated by the numeral 11, which is transversely movable on the machine frame and is normally urged leftward by a conventional carriage spring not shown in the drawing.
  • a rack 12 Secured to the carriage 11 is a rack 12 having teeth spaced apart three unit spaces and normally cooperating with a movable escapement dog formed of three pawls 13 pivotally mounted on a slide 14 at a reciprocal distance which differs a unit space from a predetermined multiple of the pitch of the rack 12.
  • the slide 14 is urged rightward by the spring 16 and is provided with a projection 17 adapted to cooperate with a stepped sector 18 secured to a vertical shaft 19.
  • a crank lever 21 also secured to the shaft 19 is adapted to be rotated upon depression of the different printing keys so as to cause the sector 18 to predispose a step corresponding to the number of spaces required by the printed character into the path of the projection 17.
  • the sector 18 is adapted to arrest the projection 17 in a position corresponding to two unit spaces of the carriage 11.
  • the pawls 13 normally engage the rack 12 and are adapted to be alternated in said engagement with a set of three locking pawls not shown in the drawing. To this end the pawls 13 are engageable by three levers 22 secured to a shaft 23 rotatably mounted on the machine frame. Secured to the shaft 23 is also a crank lever 24 pin and slot connected with a lever 25 fulcrumed on a pivot and adapted to be rotated counterclockwise upon depression of each printing key. Then the crank lever 24 through the levers 22 causes the pawls 13 to be temporarily disengaged from the rack 12. Now the spring 16 displaces the slide 14 rightward till its projection 17 is arrested by the sector 18. Thereafter the pawls 13 re-engage the rack 12 which is displaced leftward by the carriage spring prevailing over the spring 16, till the slide 14 is returned to the position of FIG. 1.
  • the lever 25 is provided with a bent lug 26 cooperating with a projection 27 of a lever 28 pivoted on a stationary shaft 29 and normally urged by a spring 31 to contact a three lobed cam 32.
  • This latter is secured to a sleeve 33 rotatably mounted on a shaft 34 continuously rotated clockwise by the action of a conventional electric motor not shown in the drawing.
  • the sleeve 33 is adapted to be connected to the shaft 34 by means of a one cycle clutch generally indicated by the numeral 36, of the type described in the United States Patent No. 3,295,653.
  • the clutch 36 is adapted to rotate the sleeve 33 during each cycle through 120 degrees for controlling the spaces between the words.
  • the clutch 36 is normally held disengaged by a lug 37 of a bail 38 pivoted on a stationary shaft 39.
  • the bail 38 is provided with an arm 40 adapted to cooperate with another three lobed cam 41 secured to the sleeve 33.
  • the bail 38 is provided with another lug 42 normally urged by a spring 43 to contact a shoulder 44 of a lever 45 fulcrumed on a stationary shaft 46.
  • the lever 45 is provided with a bent lug 47 normally urged by the same spring 43 to contact a projection 48 of a latch 49.
  • This latter is pivoted at 52 on a bail 53 fulcrumed on a shaft 54 in turn rotatably mounted on the stationary machine frame.
  • An arm 55 of the latch 49 is adapted to cooperate with a third lug 56 of the bail 38.
  • a spring 57 tensioned between the latch 49 and the bail 53 normally urges this bail 53 to contact a projection 58 of a lever 59 pivoted on a stationary shaft 61.
  • Secured to the lever 59 and to a similar lever 62 is a two unit space 'bar 63 adapted to cause the carriage 11 to effect two unit spaces between the words, as it will be better explained later.
  • the bail 53 may cooperate with an arm 64 of another bail 66 rotatably mounted on the shaft 54.
  • Another arm 67 of the bail 66 is provided with a bent lug v68 adapted to cooperate with a projection 69 of a lever 71 also fulcrumed on the shaft 61.
  • Secured to the lever 71 and to a similar lever 72 is a three unit space bar 73 located to the left of the space bar 63 and adapted to cause the carriage 11 to effect three unit spaces between the words, in a manner to be explained later.
  • the bail 66 is provided with a third arm 74 pin and slot connected with a lever 75 pivoted on the shaft 46.
  • the lever 75 is provided with a shoulder 76 adapted .to cooperate with a lug 77 of a bail 78 fulcrumed on the shaft 39.
  • Another lug 79 of the bail 78 is normally urged by a spring 80 to contact a projection 81 of the bail 38.
  • the bail 78 is provided with an arm 82 linked with a link 83. This latter is provided with a slot 84 cooperating with a pin 85 of a lever 86 secured to a shaft 87 rotatable on the machine frame.
  • the lever 86 is normally urged by a spring 88 to contact the cam 41.
  • a lever 89 Secured to the shaft 87 is also a lever 89 having a notched lug 90 engaged by a lever 91 rotatably mounted on the shaft 87 and connected to the lever 89 by a spring 92.
  • the lever 91 is provided with two shoulders 93 and 94 adapted to be sensed by a lug 95 of a bail 96 pivoted on a stationary shaft 97. Normally the shoulders 93 and 94 of the lever 91 are located out of the path of the lug 95.
  • the bail 96 is provided with a lug 98 adapted to cooperate with a pin 99 of the crank lever 21.
  • the bail 96 is also provided with an arm 101 normally urged by a spring 102 to contact another three lobed cam 103 secured to the sleeve 33.
  • the cam 41 causes the spring 88 to rock the lever 86 counterclockwise till the pin 85 is arrested by the forward edge of the slot 84.
  • the lever 89 being rocked together with the lever 86 causes the spring 92 to rock the lever 91 so as to bring its shoulder 93 into the path of the lug 95.
  • the cam 103 causes the spring 102 to rock the bail 96 clockwise, but its lug 95 is almost immediately stopped by the shoulder 93.
  • the lug 98 does not reach the pin 99 and the stepped sector 18 remains in the position of FIG. 1, thus predisposing a two unit space of the carriage 11.
  • the typewriter is provided with a justification device comprising a manipulative means or lever 108 (FIG. 2) pivoted on a stationary shaft 109.
  • lever 108 When lever 108 is rocked clockwise and a printing key is depressed, printing of the corresponding type bar is prevented without preventing the carriage from being advanced the spaces required by the depressed key.
  • This is further described in the United States Patent application, Ser. No. 554,766, filed June 2, 1966 by the present inventor, now patent No. 3,450,245 issued June 17, 1969.
  • the spaces to be effected in a segment of the line to be printed are thus counted so as to determine, by means of a scale not shown in the drawing, the correction required by the line to be printed for being justified.
  • the lever 108 is provided with a pin 110 normally contacted by an arm 112 of a lever 113 fulcrumed on the shaft 54 and urged clockwise by a spring 111. Furthermore, the lever 113 is provided with a lug 114 adapted to cooperate with a shoulder 116 of a link 117 linking a crank lever 118 secured to the shaft 54 with an arm 119 of a bail 120 fulcrumed on a stationary shaft 121. Another arm 122 of the bail 120 is adapted to be brought into the path of a projection 123 (FIG. 3) of the slide 14, so as to stop the slide 14 when displaced rightward to a position corresponding to one unit space of the carriage. Furthermore the link 117 (FIG. 2) is pin and slot connected with a lever 124 fulcrumed on a pivot 126 and normally urged by a spring 127 to contact the cam 41 of the sleeve 33.
  • crank lever 128 Secured to the shaft 54 is another crank lever 128 (FIG. 4) having a projection 129 having a latching relationship with a lug 131 of a bail 132, which normally during the cycles of the sleeve 33 prevents the crank lever 128 from being rocked.
  • the bail 132 is pivoted on a stationary shaft 133 and is urged clockwise by a spring 134 so as to cause its transverse portion to contact a pair of sensing members or arms 135 and 136 (FIG. 5).
  • the arm 135 (FIG. 4) is integral with a lever 137 rotatably mounted on the shaft 54 and urged clockwise by a spring 138.
  • the knob 141 (FIG. 3) is provided with a scale, which, with reference to a stationary index 142 formed in a window of the machine cover, indicates the number of space units by which the line length will be shortened.
  • the knob 141 is provided with a depression 143 (FIG. 4 housing a spiral spring 144 anchored on one side to a pm 145 secured to the knob 141 and on the other side to the shaft 109.
  • the spring 144 urges the knob 141 clockwise to the rest position in FIG. 4, wherein the radial edge of the notch 140 normally contacts the projection 139 of the arm 135.
  • a locking member or lever 146 fulcrumed on a shaft 147 is normally urged by a spring 148 to contact the knob 141 and is adapted to cooperate with the notch 140.
  • the arm 136 (FIG. 5) is integral with a bail 149 also rotatably mounted on the shaft 54 and urged clockwise by a spring 150.
  • the arm 136 is provided with a projection 151 engaging a cam element or notch 152 of a second settable member formed of a knob 153 rotatably mounted on the shaft 109 adjacent to the knob 141 and symmetric with respect thereto.
  • the knob 153 (FIG. 3) is provided with a scale, which, with reference to an index 154, indicates the number of unit spaces of which the length of the line will be lengthened.
  • the notch 152 (FIG. 5) is integral with a bail 149 also rotatably mounted on the shaft 54 and urged clockwise by a spring 150.
  • the arm 136 is provided with a projection 151 engaging a cam element or notch 152 of a second settable member formed of a knob 153 rotatably mounted on the shaft 109 adjacent to the knob 141 and symmetric with respect thereto.
  • knob 153 normally contacts the projection 151 by the urge of a second spiral spring 155 anchored to a pin 156 of the knob 153 and to the shaft 109. Furthermore, a locking member or lever 157 similar to the lever 146 and fulcrumed on the shaft 147 is urged by a spring 158 to contact the knob 153 and is adapted to cooperate with the notch 152.
  • the bail 149 is provided with another arm 159 (FIG. 2) having a lug 160 adapted to cooperate with a shoulder 161 of the link 117.
  • a third arm 162 (FIG. 6) of the bail 149 is provided with a lug 163 normally contacted by an arm 166 of a latch 167 fulcrumed on a pivot 170 and urged counterclockwise by a spring 164, the pivot 170 being secured to the arm 64 of the bail 66.
  • the latch 167 is adapted to engage the transverse portion of the bail 53, but it is normally disengaged therefrom. Furthermore, the arm 166 of the latch 167 may cooperate with the lug 114 of the lever 113.
  • Each knob 141 and 153 is integral with a corresponding ratchet wheel 168, and 169 respectively, which may cooperate with common means formed of two dogs 171 and 172 (FIG. 5) of a pallet dog 173 fulcrumed on the shaft 133.
  • the pallet dog 173 is provided with a first projection 174 adapted to cooperate with a pin 175 of a crank lever 176 secured to the shaft 54.
  • a second projection 177 of the pallet dog 173 cooperates with a pin 178 of a manipulative member or lever 179 fulcrumed on the shaft 109 and normally urged by a spring 180 to contact a stationary stop 181.
  • the justification device operates as follows.
  • each one line is directly typed without taking into account the justification.
  • the operator rocks the lever 108 (FIG. 2) clockwise.
  • the remaining part of the line is now typed on the keyboard, but the printing is no longer effected, whereas the carriage 11 is advanced to determine the correction, that is the number of unit spaces to be inserted or to be suppressed for justifying the line, in the manner described in the cited patent application, No. 554,766.
  • the sleeve 33 when cycled does not affect the link 117 since the crank lever 128 (FIG.
  • the partially printed line is required to be shortened a predetermined number of unit spaces.
  • the operator has to set the knob 141 (FIG. 4) by rotating same counterclockwise an equal number of steps.
  • the knob 141 is locked in the reached position by the dog 172 of the pallet dog 173 (FIG. 5). Since the notch 140 (FIG. 4) is removed from the projection 139, the lever 137 is rocked counterclockwise together with the bail 132. Then the lug 131 releases the projection 129 of the crank lever 128.
  • the knob 141 may be set up only till the notch 140 is facing the end of the lever 146. In fact the latter by entering the notch 140 prevents then the knob 141 from being further rotated counterclockwise.
  • each space bar 63, 73 causes the bail 53 to be rocked clockwise, thus starting one cycle of the sleeve 33 in the above described manner.
  • the cam 41 causes the spring 127 to rock the lever 124 counterclockwise, thus displacing the link 117 rearwards (leftwards in FIG. 2).
  • the link 117 on one hand rocks the bail 120 clockwise so as to locate the arm 122 into the path of the projection 123 of the slide 14, and on the other hand, through the crank lever 118, rocks the shaft 54 counterclockwise together Withthe crank levers 128 (FIG. 4) and 176 (FIG. 5). Then the pin 175 of the lever 176 rocks the pallet dog 173 clockwise, thus disengaging the latch 172 from the ratchet wheel 168 (FIG. 4) and engaging the dog 171 therewith. Then the spring 144 causes the knob 141 to effect a first partial step clockwise.
  • the notch causes the spring 138 to restore the lever 137 clockwise, thus releasing the bail 132.
  • the lug 131 of the bail 132 latches again the projection 129 of the crank lever 128, whereby, if the space bar 63 or 73 is again depressed the carriage 11 will be advanced two or three unit spaces respectively.
  • the justification device is provided with means 141 and 153 (FIG. 3) manually settable from a rest position to a position corresponding to the correction required for justifying the line, said settable means 141 and 153 being restored stepwise upon depression of each one of the two space bars 63 and 73, and comprises normally inetfective control means 117, 120, 149, 166 for determining the width of the space between the Words to be effected by the carriage 11 irrespective of which space bar is depressed, and a cam element 140, 152 on the settable means 141, 153 for rendering said control means 117, 120, 149, 166 efiiective as long as the settable means 141, 153 are located out of said rest position.
  • the set up knob may be restored stepwise through the lever 179 (FIG. 5
  • the pin 178 through the projection 177 rocks the pallet dog 173 clockwise as in the case of counterclockwise rocking the crank lever 176. Therefore, at each operation of the lever 179, the set up knob is restored clockwise one step.
  • the justification device is rendered inelfective.
  • the pin 110 causes the lever 112 to rock clockwise and the lug 114 engages the arm 166 (FIG. 6-), thus returning the latch 167 into the position of the FIG. 6, even if it has been released from the lug 163.
  • the lug 114 (FIG. 2) is located into the path of the shoulder 116, thus preventing the link 117 from being displaced at each cycle of the sleeve 33.
  • a justification device for a proportional spacing typewriter having a transversely movable carriage comprising means to be spaced according to a multiple of a predetermined unit space, at least one space bar depressible for causing said carriage to effect spaces between words, settable means manually settable from a rest position to a position corresponding to a correction required for justifying a line and means to restore said settable means stepwise upon depression of said space bar; wherein, the improvement comprises:
  • said pair of settable members are formed of a pair of knobs rotatably mounted on a common horizontal shaft and individually recalled to said rest position by a corresponding spiral one of said knobs and said device further comprises a pair of sensing members positioned to sense the corresponding cam element and render effective said control means when the corresponding knob is in a set position.
  • a device further comprising a pair of locking members each one coacting with the corresponding cam element to prevent the corresponding knob from being set beyond a predetermined position.
  • a device further comprising a movable escapement dog normally engaging said carriage and yieldably urged to effect a retrograde stroke when disengaged from said carriage, first stop means settable to arrest said escapement dog in a position corresponding to a predetermined multiple of said unit space, and second stop means controlled by the sensing member of one of said knobs to stop said escapement dog after a retrograde stroke corresponding to one unit space.
  • a device further comprising a first member operable for controlling a cyclically operable space selecting mechanism so as to predispose a space between words, a second member operable for predisposing a space between the words wider than the one predisposed by said first member, and means controlled by the sensing member of the other knob to locate said second stop means in a position wherein it does not arrest said escapement dog.
  • a device further comprising a latch normally controlled by the sensing member of said other knob and mounted on said second member for bodily moving said first and said second member.
  • a device further comprising a manipulative means settable for preventing the printing of a character upon depressing the corresponding printing keys to predetermine the correction required by the line to be printed for being justified, and, means controlled by said manipulative means when so set for preventing the operation of said second stop means and for rendering said latch inefiective at the depression of said space bar.

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  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
US607976A 1966-01-24 1967-01-09 Justification device for a variable spacing typewriter Expired - Lifetime US3491872A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT163966 1966-01-24
IT3194966 1966-01-24

Publications (1)

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US3491872A true US3491872A (en) 1970-01-27

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US607976A Expired - Lifetime US3491872A (en) 1966-01-24 1967-01-09 Justification device for a variable spacing typewriter

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US (1) US3491872A (pt)
JP (1) JPS4831326B1 (pt)
BE (1) BE692733A (pt)
CH (1) CH456656A (pt)
DE (1) DE1561274B2 (pt)
FR (1) FR1509413A (pt)
GB (1) GB1154981A (pt)
SE (1) SE330030B (pt)
SU (1) SU398021A3 (pt)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1307068A (en) * 1919-06-17 von marchthal
US2011887A (en) * 1932-03-03 1935-08-20 Robert H Loomis Apparatus for obtaining variable spacing for typewriters and the like
US2294722A (en) * 1938-10-12 1942-09-01 Ibm Typewriting machine
US2753973A (en) * 1953-03-12 1956-07-10 Ibm Justifier for typewriters
US2834448A (en) * 1951-08-17 1958-05-13 Leglise Pierre Blank typing of terminal segments
US2954861A (en) * 1958-10-02 1960-10-04 Sperry Rand Corp Proportional spacing typewriter
US3165191A (en) * 1960-12-23 1965-01-12 Pierre Leglise Justifying device for proportional spacing typewriters

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1307068A (en) * 1919-06-17 von marchthal
US2011887A (en) * 1932-03-03 1935-08-20 Robert H Loomis Apparatus for obtaining variable spacing for typewriters and the like
US2294722A (en) * 1938-10-12 1942-09-01 Ibm Typewriting machine
US2834448A (en) * 1951-08-17 1958-05-13 Leglise Pierre Blank typing of terminal segments
US2753973A (en) * 1953-03-12 1956-07-10 Ibm Justifier for typewriters
US2954861A (en) * 1958-10-02 1960-10-04 Sperry Rand Corp Proportional spacing typewriter
US3165191A (en) * 1960-12-23 1965-01-12 Pierre Leglise Justifying device for proportional spacing typewriters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE692733A (pt) 1967-07-03
GB1154981A (en) 1969-06-11
DE1561274A1 (de) 1970-04-02
FR1509413A (fr) 1968-01-12
JPS4831326B1 (pt) 1973-09-28
DE1561274B2 (de) 1977-02-24
SE330030B (pt) 1970-11-02
SU398021A3 (pt) 1973-09-17
CH456656A (fr) 1968-07-31

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