Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
  • D21H17/09—Sulfur-containing compounds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
  • D21H17/07—Nitrogen-containing compounds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D21H17/35—Polyalkenes, e.g. polystyrene
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
  • G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
  • G03G5/101—Paper bases

Definitions

• This invention relates to a sheet material with electrically conducting properties for use in photoconductive, electroconductive and other related copying systems wherein the sheet material has dispersed therein a watersoluble conductive substance comprising from 25 to 100 weight percent of sulfonated polystyrene and salts thereof and from zero to 75 weight percent of a salt of sulfuric acid and derivatives thereof such as sulfamic acid, wherein in each case the weight percent is based on the total weight of the water-soluble conductive substance.
• This sheet material is then treated further with the conventional photosensitive agents and adjuncts such as film forming resins, zinc oxide, binders, pigmented resins, etc.
• This invention relates to a sheet material for use in photoconductive, electroconductive and other related reproducing, recording or printing means, wherein the sheet material is prepared by treatment with a water-soluble conductive substance.
• the exposed surface is then brought into contact with a colored resinous powder which preferably has a charge opposite to that of the still charged areas of the surface.
• the powder clings to the charged areas of the latent image but does not adhere to, or is easily removed from, the discharged or exposed areas.
• a visible image is formed on the charged area which visible image may be transferred to another surface or it may be heated and fused in place on the areas of the original latent image.
• This latter type sheet material which is characterized by having good electrical conductivity is especially preferred in the art because it is more conducive to speed of copying and clarity of copy than those sheets having poor conductivity.
• This requirement of good electrical conductivity is a source of major difficulty in securing uniformly satisfactory performance with photoelectric or photoconductive reproduction papers under different climatic conditions of humidity and temperature as Well as the variations encountered from one type machine to another.
• impregnating agents in paper causes an undesirable decrease of opacity and an increase in translucency or transparency in the paper.
• the impregnating agent must be compounded with various types of clay which would extend and opacify the paper.
• hygroscopic salts alone as the conductive material in electroconductive copying paper is not entirely satisfactory as changes in the amounts used and the ambient relative humidity will result in changes in the nature of the paper.
• the hygroscopic nature of the salts may cause water pick up to the point that the sheet feels raggy,
• electroconductive sheet material comprising a fiber base having dispersed therein from 0.5 to 15.0 lbs. per 3000 square feet of fiber base of a water soluble conductive material comprising from 25 to 100 weight percent of sulfonated polystyrene and salts thereof and from to 75 Weight percent of a salt of sulfuric acid and its derivatives wherein in each case the weight percent is based on the total weight of water soluble conductive material and wherein the cation in the respective salts is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, alkali metals and amines.
• paper will be used to include sheet or web material which may be treated with the water soluble conductive materials of this invention.
• the term paper is meant to include cellulosic fiber and synthetic fiber sheet material upon which printing, photos and other images are recorded.
• ammonium is meant to include substituted ammonium or amines such as ethanol amine, morpholine, picoline, etc. which are generally recognized as derivatives or substituted ammonium.
• EXAMPLE 1 This example is set forth as a control to illustrate the poor conductivity of paper stock that has not been treated in accordance with the teaching of this invention.
• Control stock The following Examples 2-6 are set forth to illustrate the significant increase in conductivity of paper stock that has been treated with a solution of ammonium salt of sulfonated polystyrene in accordance with the teachings of this invention. A 15% solution of ammonium salt of sulfonated polystyrene was applied to the paper stock using wound wire rods of varying size. The conductivity values shown are given for various applied weights at two different relative humidities. The conductivity results of Examples 2-6 are tabulated in Table I.
• Example 2-6 TABLE I.OONDUCTIVITY RESULTS FOR THE AMMO-
• Examples 2-6 which are listed in Table I, with the control sample of Example 1 will demonstrate the significant increase in the conductivity of paper that has been treated with the ammonium salt of sulfonated polystyrene. Note that even at relative humidities as low as 12% that a significant and unexpected increase in conductivity is achieved when using the sulfonated polystyrene salts of this invention. These results are even more surprising when one considers that at 12% relative humidity there is little moisture available in the paper sheet to enhance the conductivity of this polymeric material.
• EXAMPLE 7 This example is set forth to illustrate the conductivity of paper that has been treated with a salt of a derivative of sulfuric acid. Paper stock is treated with a 30% aqueous solution of ammonium sulfamate to give a dry application weight of 2.6 lbs/3000 sq. ft. Paper treated in this manner was found to have the following conductivities at the relative humidities indicated:
• the sulfonated polystyrene material of Examples 2 to 6 is to be preferred over the salts of sulfuric acid and its derivatives because the polymeric material has little or no tendency to migrate within the paper sheet and is less senstive to conditions of low humidity as is indicated by the respective values set forth above. Furthermore, at conditions of high humidity, e.g., 70 to RH, the hyroscopicity of these salts when used alone at levels to insure adequate performance at lower humidity levels, causes a limpness or raggy feeling in the paper stock.
• Examples 8 to 12 are set forth to illustrate the superior conductivity of paper that is treated With a mixture of the sulfonated polystyrene and ammonium sulfamate.
• the paper stock is treated with 20% aqueous solution comprising about 65 weight percent of the ammonium salt of sulfonated polystyrene and 35 weight percent of ammonium sulfamate based on the total solids weight.
• the water soluble electroconductive materials of this invention may be used in combination with other materials commonly used in the paper industry without any significant loss in the conductivity of the finished paper. Furthermore, the compositions of this invention are completely compatible with clay, resinous film formers and materials commonly used in the paper industry as is illustrated by the following Example 13.
• EXAMPLE 13 The paper stock hereinbefore described was treated with the following slurry to give an applied weight of hs./1000 sq. ft.
• Paper stock treated with the above slurry gave the following conductivities.
• Example 13 was repeated here except that no clay was used. A dry coating weight of 2.0 lbs./ 3000 sq. ft. gave the following conductivities.
• Example 12 is repeated here except using the ethanolamine salt of sulfonated polystyrene and sulfuric acid. Comparable results were obtained which indicates that substituted ammonium may be used as the cationic portion of the salt as well as straight ammonium.
• EXAMPLE 17 Examples 1 to 6 and 8 to 12 were repeated on 55 lb. unsized kraft paper and 42 lb. sulfite bond paper. Comparable results were obtained in each instance which indicates that the water soluble electroconductive materials of this invention may be utilized with any of the well known commonly used cellulosic sheet materials.
• the water soluble electroconductive materials of this invention may be introduced into the sheet material during or after the manufacture of the sheet material.
• the materials of this invention may be added to the pulp or the nearly dried paper after its formation on a Fourdrinier machine.
• the materials of this invention may be applied to the sheet by spraying, knife coating, roller coating, transfer rolls, etc.
• the sheet may be brought into contact with an aqueous or methanol solution of the electroconductive materials of this invention.
• the material of this invention may be incorporated into the aqueous composition.
• the sulfonated polystyrene described in the present invention may be prepared by any of the known methods such as those disclosed in the following US. Patents 2,533,210; 2,533,211 and 2,718,514.
• the molecular weight of these polymers is not deemed critical in this application and sulfonated polystyrene in the molecular weight of 50 to 2,000,000 are suitable for use in this invention.
• the sulfonated polystyrene should have a degree of sulfonation of at least 0.75 units of sulfonic .acid or salts thereof per repeating styrene unit and more preferably at least 1.0 units of sulfonic acid or salts thereof per repeating styrene unit.
• the only critical requirement in regard to the molecular weight and the degree of sulfonation of the materials is that the molecular weight should not be so high nor the degree of sulfonation so low as to preclude the solubility of the sulfonated polystyrene and salts thereof in aqueous solution.
• the polymeric material should have a solubility of at least 2% by weight in aqueous solutions at 25 C.
• sulfonated alkyl and halogen derivatives of polystyrene such as sulfonated polymers of alpha methyl styrene, vinyl toluene, chlorostyrene, etc., wherein the alkyl and halogen groups are present as ring or side chain substituents or both.
• alkyl groups contemplated are those containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• nature and number of any substituent present should be such to allow the above mentioned degree of sulfonation.
• the salts of sulfuric acid and its derivatives which may be optionally used in the practice of this invention include the ammonium and alkali metal salts of sulfuric acid and sulfamic acid.
• ammonium includes both ammonium per se and amines which are considered substituted ammonium.
• suitable amines which may be used as a cationic substance include ethanol amine, morpholine, picoline, quinoline, etc.
• hydroxy amines such as hydroxy ethyl amine and other related substances wherein the hydroxy groups increase both the solubility and the conductivity of the water soluble electroconductive materials of this invention.
• This invention contemplates using from 25 to 100 Weight percent of sulfonated polystyrene and the salts thereof and conversely, from to 75% of the salts of sulfuric acid and its derivatives. Wherein in each case the weight percent given is based on the total weight of the water soluble electroconductive materials of this invention. Especially preferred are materials comprising from 50 to 95 weight percent of the polymeric material and from to 50% of the inorganic salts. Most especially preferred are compositions comprising from 50 to 90 weight percent of the polymeric material and from to 50 weight percent of the inorganic salts.
• the practice of this invention contemplates using from about 0.5 to about 15.0 lbs. of Water soluble electroconductive material per 3000 sq. ft. of sheet material. Heavier coating weight may be employed but there is no apparent advantage in using these larger amounts.
• the materials of this invention can also be used with those materials commonly used in the paper making industry such as pigments, opacifiers, fillers, extenders, dyes, sizes, etc.
• Electroconductive sheet material comprising a fiber base sheet having dispersed therein from 0.5 to 15.0 lbs., per 3000 square feet of fiber base, of a water soluble conductive material comprising from to 100 weight percent, of a material selected from the group consisting of sulfonated polystyrene and salts of sulfonated polystyrene and from 0 to 75 weight percent of a salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and sulfamic acid, wherein in each case the weight percent is based on the total weight of water soluble conductive material and wherein the cation in the respective salts is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, substituted ammonium and alkali metals.
• the electroconductive sheet material of claim 1 wherein the Water soluble conductive material is the ammonium salt of sulfonated polystyrene.
• the electronductive sheet material of claim 1 wherein the Water soluble conductive material is the ammonium salt of sulfonated polystyrene and ammonium sulfamate.
• the electroconductive sheet material of claim 1 wherein the water soluble conductive material is the alkali metal salts of sulfonated polystyrene and alkali sulfate.
• a process for the preparation of electroconductive sheet material which comprises (1) treating a fiber base sheet with from 0.5 to 15.0 lbs., per 3000 square feet of fiber base sheet, of a Water soluble conductive material comprising from 25 to 100 weight percent, of a material selected from the group consisting of sulfonated polystyrene and salts of sulfonated polystyrene and from 0 to weight percent of salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and sulfamic acid, wherein in each case the weight percent is based on the total Weight of water soluble conductive material and wherein the cation in the respective salts is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, substituted ammonium and alkali metals, and (2) drying the treated sheet material.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=24473833

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (1)

• 1967
  • 1967-02-21 US US617485A patent/US3486936A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1968
  • 1968-02-20 DE DE1671562A patent/DE1671562C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1968-02-21 FR FR1557208D patent/FR1557208A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1968-02-21 GB GB8465/68A patent/GB1207899A/en not_active Expired

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents