US3485478A - Safety device of cable-clamping traction apparatus - Google Patents
Safety device of cable-clamping traction apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3485478A US3485478A US676940A US3485478DA US3485478A US 3485478 A US3485478 A US 3485478A US 676940 A US676940 A US 676940A US 3485478D A US3485478D A US 3485478DA US 3485478 A US3485478 A US 3485478A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- lever
- control lever
- case
- clamping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
- B66D3/02—Manually-operated, e.g. lever-actuated, devices operating on ropes, cables, or chains for hauling in a mainly horizontal direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
- Y10T24/39—Cord and rope holders
- Y10T24/3936—Pivoted part
- Y10T24/394—Cam lever
- Y10T24/3949—Link-connected parallel jaws
Definitions
- Traction and hoisting apparatus of the nipper type which act upon a cable of which the feed movement is obtained by operating a pair of levers actuated separately according to the direction in which it is desired to move the cable.
- This invention is applicable more particularly to apparatus of this character which comprise two clamping units through which the cable is passed, these clamping units being reciprocable in opposite directions, each unit comprising jaws of which the cable clamping or release movements are controlled automatically by actuating each lever so as to cause the traction or hoisting cable to move through the device, one end of said cable being attached to the load to be transferred.
- forward motion designates the operation obtaining by actuating the lever causing the cable to move in the direction exerting a pull or traction on the load
- reverse motion means the operation obtaining by actuating the other lever causing the cable to move in the opposite direction, the cable in this case being either pulled by the load or caused to retain this load if the latter tends to move away from the device.
- the forward motion lever is adapted to actuate via suitable linkage means the bodies of a pair of clamping units and the reverse motion controls via other linkage means a link system mounted in the clamping units and adapted to open and close the clamping jaws proper.
- the operation of this device consists in alternatively opening a clamp with respect to the cable while the other clamp is being closed to grip the cable, and any one of the control levers produces simultaneous opposite actions upon these two clamps when said control lever is operated.
- a third control lever fulcrumed on saidrreverse control lever about said floating pivot point permits, by pro ducing a movement of translation of said reverse control lever, of exerting a simultaneous tractive effort in the same direction on the links controlling the jaws of the pair of clamps, thus producing the simultaneous opening of both clamps when it is desired to insert the cable through the apparatus or cause this cable to travel at a fast rate therethrough.
- this third lever will be referred to hereinafter as the clutch lever since its function is to release or disengage the cable from the clamping action of said jaws.
- a normal actuation of the reverse control lever is attended by a rotation of this lever about said floating pivot point but without producing any movement of translation which would cause the simultaneous release of b th clamps.
- the reverse control lever of hitherto known apparatus of this character is replaced by a reverse control transmission system connected on the one hand to the jaw control links and on the other hand to a reverse control lever proper fulcrumed about a pivot axis which is fixed with respect to the case of the apparatus, the function of said system consisting in transmitting the movement of rotation of the control lever irrespective of the degree of wear of the jaws, and of the relative movements of the component elements connected by said transmission system.
- the transmission system cannot receive a movement of translation likely to produce an undesired release of the clamping action normally exerted by said jaws.
- the operative connection between the control lever and the transmission system may consist of pins rigid with one of the control or actuating levers and extending through elongated holes formed in the arms of a fork rigid with the other lever, in order to permit a certain adaptation or lost-motion of the actuating lever in spite of the mounting of the control lever on a fixed pivot pin.
- This connection may also take place through a transmission joint permitting the transmission of a movement of rotation between two members operating in different planes, such as an Oldham joint or a universal joint.
- This connection may also consist of a suitable hinged linkage providing the necessary free motion of the actuating lever.
- Another possible connection consists of a coupling having two pairs of pivot points, one pair being connected by means of rods to the links controlling the jaws of the two clamps, and the pivot points of the other pair are connected, via identical parallel links, extending substantially at right angles to the cable passing through the apparatus, to a control lever fulcrumed about a fixed point of the case.
- control lever Since the control lever is separate from the transmission system disposed in the median plane of the case of the apparatus which contains the axis of the traction and hoisting cable, it is not compulsory to dispose this control lever in the median plane of the apparatus and more particularly it can be disposed laterally and adapted to drive a shaft extending through a lateral bearing into the case and having its inner end operatively connected to a transmission linkage of the above-defined transmission system.
- a modified clutch mechanism may be provided to eliminate any risk and which is applicable to all types of apparatus of this character.
- This invention also contemplates the combination of the clutch mechanism with means preventing the access or operation thereof when the apparatus is in its operative conditions.
- the permanent member controlling the clutch operation by exerting a tractive effort is replaced by a detachable or fixed handle adapted to rotate a control shaft which, by means of a crank arm, is connected to the floating center of rotation of the reverse transmission system mentioned hereinabove, in order to cause the movement of translation of this system when the clutch is operated.
- a detachable or fixed handle adapted to rotate a control shaft which, by means of a crank arm, is connected to the floating center of rotation of the reverse transmission system mentioned hereinabove, in order to cause the movement of translation of this system when the clutch is operated.
- the above-described mechanism is advantageously combined with a safety device preventing the access to or the operation of this mechanism when the apparatus is being operated, notably if it is used as a scaffolding elevator.
- the safety device may also comprise a two-position movable member having a safety position imposed thereto by the operative condition of the apparatus and preventing the access to or the operation of the control shaft.
- the safety movable member may be so arranged that in its safety position one of its portions blocks the passage of said key.
- the clutch mechanism is controlled by means of a lever or knob mounted as a permanent attachment on the apparatus, the aforesaid movable member will be so arranged that in its safety position one portion thereof will prevent the clutch operation by projecting for example across the path of a component element of the clutch mechanism. In either case the clutch operation cannot take place as long as the movable safety member is in its safety position.
- FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic sectional simplified view of a known apparatus to which this invention is applicable;
- FIGURE 2 is a similar section ShoWing an apparatus modified according to a first form of embodiment of the invention
- FIGURE 3 is a diagram illustrating in part-sectional and isometric view an operative connection between the shaft of the control lever and the floating pivot pin of the actuating lever, using an Oldham joint;
- FIGURE 4 is a similar view wherein a universal joint is used in said connection;
- FIGURE 5 is a section similar to FIGURE 2 showing a different form of embodiment of the invention.
- FIGURE 6 is a diagrammatic view showing another operative connection between said control shaft and actuating lever
- FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary longitudinal simplified section showing the apparatus incorporating another possible form of embodiment of this invention, in the case of a clutch mechanism control actuated by means of a detachable key, this figure showing only the parts necessary for a proper understanding of the invention;
- FIGURE 8 is a fragmentary longitudinal section similar to FIGURE 7, showing an apparatus constructed according to a different form of embodiment of the invention, in the case of a clutch mechanism controlled by means of a detachable key, and
- FIGURE 9 is a detail view showing the adaption of anyone of the two forms of embodiment depicted in FIG- URES 7 and 8, in the case of a clutch mechanism control actuated by means of a lever mounted as a permanent element on the apparatus.
- the known apparatus illustrated in FIGURE 1 comprises a hollow body 1 constituting a case comprising for example two shells assembled by means of bolts (not shown).
- This case carries two axially aligned bushes 2, 3 permitting the longitudinal passage of a traction cable 4, one bush 2 being rigid with, or forming an integral part of, an anchor member such as a hook 5.
- the cable end 6 on the hook end is free, and the opposite end 7 of the cable is anchored to a load to be transferred or hoisted (not shown).
- the cable portion extending within the case 1 is passed through a pair of tandem-disposed similar clamping units 8, 9 each comprising a pair of clamping jaws mounted between side plates 10, 11.
- the jaws of each clamping unit are actuated by two pairs of control links adapted to move said jaws towards or away from the cable by imparting a movement of translation thereto.
- These links are pivotally mounted on the aforesaid side plates 10, 11 by means of pivot pins 12, 14 (clamping unit 8) and 13, 15 (clamping unit 9).
- one pair of links has extensions 16, 17 opposite the pivot pin in relation to said cable.
- the clamping units 8, 9 are connected via rods 18, 19 respectively to the ends of a two-armed lever or double crankpin 2t) rigid with a shaft 21 carrying a forward motion lever (not shown).
- the reverse motion lever 22 emerges form the case 1 through a slot or like elongated aperture 23 and is pivoted at 24 to the link extensions 16 and at 25 to an arm 26 pivoted in turn at 27 to the extensions 17 of the other links.
- Means (not shown) are provided for constantly urging the link extensions to the right as seen in FIG- URE 1, i.e. in the direction to close the jaws.
- this control lever 22 is reduced to the portion necessary to constitute a link operating lever, but it cannot be used as a reverse motion control lever.
- This reverse motion control lever designated by the reference numeral 30 is pivoted on a fixed pin 31 and operates the control lever 22 only through the medium of adequate connecting or coupling means.
- the reverse motion control lever 30 carries side pins 32 engaging slots 33 formed in a fork-shaped outer end portion of said forward-motion control lever 22.
- the fixed pivot pin on which said reverse motion control lever is fulcrumed may be aligned with the mean position of the floating center of rotation 28, and the control lever may then be rigid with a rotary shaft 34 journalled in a lateral bearing of the case 1 and connected for example through an Oldham joint 35 to a shaft 36 carried by the lever 22 at its fulcrum which would thus remain floating (FIGURE 3).
- a universal joint 37 shown diagrammatically in FIGURE 4 may also be provided between the shafts 34 and 36.
- FIGURE 5 illustrates the provision of a lateral control lever 38 rigid with a shaft 39 carried by one side of the case and operatively connected to the forward motion control lever 22 by means of a link 40 pivotally connected at one end to an arm 41 of shaft 39 and at the other end to the outer end 42 of lever 22.
- the clutch control lever 29 is omitted from this figure, this lever being adapted to extend through a relatively narrow aperture in the case 1 since it has only to be pulled for operating the clutch mechanism, and therefore the elongated aperture or slot usually provided in the case for permitting the movements of a reverse motion control lever can be dispensed with.
- FIGURE 6 the link extensions 16 and 17 of clamping units 8 and 9 are connected via rods 50', 51 to two opposite pivot points 52, 53 of a coupling lozenge-shaped plate 54.
- the other pair of pivot points 55, 56 of coupling plate 54 are engaged by the corresonding ends of a pair of identical parallel links 57, 58 extending substantially at right angles to the cable portion 4 passing through the apparatus.
- the upper ends of these links 57, 58 are pivoted at 59, 60 to the substantially horizontal arm 61 of a T- shaped reverse motion control lever 62 fulcrumed on a fixed pivot pin 65 carried by the case 1 and extending through the middle portion of said arm 61.
- pivot points 55, 56, 59 and 60 constitute a parallel motion and the same applies to pivot points 52, 63, 53 and 64, points 63 and 64 constituting the pivot points of links 50' and 51 on the link extensions 16 and 17 of the clamping units.
- a clutch mechanism is illustrated therein which comprises an arm 70 fulcrumed about a fixed pivot pin and actuated by means of a key inserted through a hole provided to this end in a lateral wall of the case, this key being adapted to engage a square hole 71 formed in said arm 70, the axis of this hole being coincident with the pivot axis of the arm 70.
- This arm 70 is connected to the reverse motion control transmission mechanism, i.e. to the actuating lever 22 in the specific example contemplated herein (in a construction of the type illustrated in FIGURES 2 to 5) by means of a connecting arm 72 pivoted at 73 to arm 70 and to lever 22 at a point 74 located substantially intermediate the pivot pins 24 and 25.
- the movable safety member comprises a shutter adapted in the safety position to be interposed between the case hole provided for the ingress of the control key and the square hole 71.
- the safety member consists of a two-position sliding member 75 extending through the case 1 and comprising an external actuating knob 76.
- This preferably T- shaped member 75 comprises a shutter lug 77 adapted to mask the access to the hole 71 in the safety position, and another lug 78 adapted in the other position to block the passage of the cable 4 through the end of case 1 which carries the anchor member or hook 5, this passage being free only when the member 75 is in its safety position illustrated in the drawing.
- this cable passage is then permitted by an opening 79 formed in said lug 78.
- Any suitable braking means may be provided for retaining this member 75 in its two positions.
- detent-positioning means may be provided to this end.
- the movable safety member consists of a member 80 pivotally mounted in the case 1 on a fixed pivot pin 81 and comprising likewise a shutter-forming lug 82 having the same function as the lug 77 of FIGURE 7.
- a spring 83 urges this member to its safety position in which an arm 84 of this member bears against the inner end of bushing 2 rigid with the anchor member, for example with the hook 5.
- the anchor member 5 and bushing 2 are so designed that they can slide to a limited extent in relation to the case and in the axial direction of the cable.
- the assembly 2, 5 is urged to the left as seen in the figure, in relation to the case, not only by the action of spring 83 but also by the reaction exerted by the cable 4 on the apparatus when a load is attached to the cable, so as to pull the latter to the right as seen in the figure.
- the hook 5 To free the access to the clutch mechanism by pivoting the movable member 80 the hook 5 must first be moved to the right in relation to the case 1 (or alternately the case 1 to the left in relation to said hook 5), and it is obvious that this relative movement cannot take place unless the apparatus is free or the case is free of any traction effort transmitted via said cable when the latter is under load.
- FIGURES 7 and 8 of the drawings are applicable in the case of a clutch mechanism actuated by inserting a detachable key into a suitable hole provided to this end in the apparatus, but a very simple modification may be brought thereto for adapting the apparatus to the control of said mechanism by means of a lever or push-button mounted permanently on the apparatus.
- a lever or push-button mounted permanently on the apparatus.
- the safety feature may be obtained in a similar manner due to the necessity for the operator of carrying out two separate operations in a well-defined order to firstly clear the shutter device and subsequently actuate the clutch mechanism, thus making the apparatus fool-proof.
- Traction and hoisting apparatus of the clamp and cable type comprising a reverse motion control lever adapted, by rotating about a floating pivot point, to actuate the clamping units of the apparatus through the medium of their jaw control members, characterised in that it comprises a device positively preventing the translation, in the direction to cause the simultaneous opening of the jaws, of the floating pivot point of said reverse control lever during the actuation of said lever, so as to prevent any untimely or accidental release of the apparatus.
- Apparatus according to claim 1 characterised in that said device preventing the operation of said clutch comprises a reverse motion control lever adapted to pivot about a fixed pivot point which is connected to the reverse motion actuating lever through transmission means giving to said actuating lever its necessary lost-motion without any possibility of imparting an accidental movement of translation thereto which might bring about the simultaneous opening of the both clamping units.
- Apparatus according to claim 2 characterised in that the operative connection between said reverse motion control lever and said reverse motion actuating lever controlled thereby comprises transmission means including a shaft having a fixed axis, said shaft being rigid with said control lever and carried by said case, the other parts of said transmission being enclosed in the case so that the elongated aperture usually formed therein for the passage and the movements of the reverse motion control lever can be dispensed withv 4.
- Apparatus characterised in that said device preventing the operation of said clutch consists of a coupling plate having two pairs of pivot points, the diametrally opposite points of the first pair being connected the one by means of a first rod to the member controlling the opening of one of said clamping units, the other by means of another rod to the member controlling the opening of the other clamping unit, the diametrally opposite pivot points of the other pair being connected to the reverse motion control lever by means of a pair of identical parallel links extending in a direction substantially at right angles to the cable, the reverse motion control lever being fulcrumed to a fixed pivot pin rigid with the external case.
- Apparatus according to claim 1 characterised in that said device for preventing the untimely operation of the clutch mechanism consists of a pivoted arm having one end connected to the reverse motion control lever at the level of its floating pivot point and the other end rigid with a control shaft rotatable only by means of a twist-grip or like handle.
- Apparatus according to claim 5 characterised in that it comprises a two-position movable safety member having one safety position imposed by the operative condition of the apparatus and preventing the access or the operation of the control shaft.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
- Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR81226A FR1513334A (fr) | 1966-10-22 | 1966-10-22 | Dispositif de commande pour la marche arrière d'appareils de traction et de levage agissant par des pinces sur un câble |
FR81369A FR1514148A (fr) | 1966-10-24 | 1966-10-24 | Commande et sécurité pour le dispositif de débrayage, sur les appareils de traction et de levage à pinces |
FR84070A FR1516003A (fr) | 1966-11-16 | 1966-11-16 | Perfectionnements aux appareils de manutention à pinces pour l'entraînement d'un câble |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3485478A true US3485478A (en) | 1969-12-23 |
Family
ID=27243696
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US676940A Expired - Lifetime US3485478A (en) | 1966-10-22 | 1967-10-20 | Safety device of cable-clamping traction apparatus |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3485478A (xx) |
AT (1) | AT295082B (xx) |
BE (1) | BE705368A (xx) |
CH (1) | CH469625A (xx) |
CS (1) | CS150200B2 (xx) |
DE (1) | DE1531344C3 (xx) |
DK (1) | DK119082B (xx) |
ES (1) | ES346238A1 (xx) |
FI (1) | FI46490C (xx) |
GB (1) | GB1207821A (xx) |
GR (1) | GR34476B (xx) |
LU (1) | LU54712A1 (xx) |
NL (1) | NL159066B (xx) |
NO (1) | NO117113B (xx) |
OA (1) | OA03397A (xx) |
SE (1) | SE332494B (xx) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3572635A (en) * | 1968-06-27 | 1971-03-30 | Tractel Sa | Release control and safety device for clamp-type traction and hoisting apparatus |
US3916487A (en) * | 1972-10-06 | 1975-11-04 | Johannes Augustus Rinio | Cable hauling device |
US4191300A (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1980-03-04 | Rene Beghi | Hoisting device for high-power crane |
US4475717A (en) * | 1981-07-10 | 1984-10-09 | Societe Dite: Tractel, S.A. | Traction apparatus anchored by means of a securing pin |
USD427408S (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2000-06-27 | Dutton-Lainson Company | Winch housing |
USD839527S1 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2019-01-29 | Horizon Global Americas Inc. | Winch housing |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2585101A (en) * | 1945-09-05 | 1952-02-12 | Faure Simon | Hauling and hoisting gear |
US2995339A (en) * | 1957-05-04 | 1961-08-08 | Exploitaions Des Brevets Et Ap | Metal cable haulage and hoisting appliance |
US3222742A (en) * | 1962-09-27 | 1965-12-14 | Tractel Sa | Self-tightening clamps |
US3237920A (en) * | 1963-01-31 | 1966-03-01 | Hans O Dohmeier | Friction grip rope puller |
US3410525A (en) * | 1966-01-18 | 1968-11-12 | Secalt | Self-gripping cable clamps |
-
1967
- 1967-10-16 DK DK511867AA patent/DK119082B/da unknown
- 1967-10-17 DE DE1531344A patent/DE1531344C3/de not_active Expired
- 1967-10-18 NO NO170181A patent/NO117113B/no unknown
- 1967-10-19 ES ES346238A patent/ES346238A1/es not_active Expired
- 1967-10-19 OA OA53084A patent/OA03397A/xx unknown
- 1967-10-19 FI FI672807A patent/FI46490C/fi active
- 1967-10-19 BE BE705368D patent/BE705368A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-10-20 AT AT947367A patent/AT295082B/de active
- 1967-10-20 US US676940A patent/US3485478A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1967-10-20 NL NL6714273.A patent/NL159066B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-10-20 CH CH1469867A patent/CH469625A/fr unknown
- 1967-10-21 GR GR670134476A patent/GR34476B/el unknown
- 1967-10-23 CS CS7507A patent/CS150200B2/cs unknown
- 1967-10-23 LU LU54712D patent/LU54712A1/xx unknown
- 1967-10-23 GB GB48054/67A patent/GB1207821A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-10-23 SE SE14467/67A patent/SE332494B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2585101A (en) * | 1945-09-05 | 1952-02-12 | Faure Simon | Hauling and hoisting gear |
US2995339A (en) * | 1957-05-04 | 1961-08-08 | Exploitaions Des Brevets Et Ap | Metal cable haulage and hoisting appliance |
US3222742A (en) * | 1962-09-27 | 1965-12-14 | Tractel Sa | Self-tightening clamps |
US3237920A (en) * | 1963-01-31 | 1966-03-01 | Hans O Dohmeier | Friction grip rope puller |
US3410525A (en) * | 1966-01-18 | 1968-11-12 | Secalt | Self-gripping cable clamps |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3572635A (en) * | 1968-06-27 | 1971-03-30 | Tractel Sa | Release control and safety device for clamp-type traction and hoisting apparatus |
US3916487A (en) * | 1972-10-06 | 1975-11-04 | Johannes Augustus Rinio | Cable hauling device |
US4191300A (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1980-03-04 | Rene Beghi | Hoisting device for high-power crane |
US4475717A (en) * | 1981-07-10 | 1984-10-09 | Societe Dite: Tractel, S.A. | Traction apparatus anchored by means of a securing pin |
USD427408S (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2000-06-27 | Dutton-Lainson Company | Winch housing |
USD839527S1 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2019-01-29 | Horizon Global Americas Inc. | Winch housing |
USD914321S1 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2021-03-23 | Horizon Global Americas Inc. | Winch housing |
USD1044194S1 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2024-09-24 | Horizon Global Americas Inc. | Winch housing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1207821A (en) | 1970-10-07 |
DE1531344C3 (de) | 1980-08-21 |
FI46490B (fi) | 1973-01-02 |
GR34476B (el) | 1968-05-14 |
CS150200B2 (xx) | 1973-09-04 |
CH469625A (fr) | 1969-03-15 |
DK119082B (da) | 1970-11-09 |
LU54712A1 (xx) | 1968-01-26 |
NL6714273A (xx) | 1968-04-23 |
DE1531344B2 (de) | 1979-12-13 |
SE332494B (xx) | 1971-02-08 |
OA03397A (fr) | 1970-12-15 |
AT295082B (de) | 1971-12-27 |
NO117113B (xx) | 1969-06-30 |
BE705368A (xx) | 1968-03-01 |
ES346238A1 (es) | 1969-03-16 |
FI46490C (fi) | 1973-04-10 |
DE1531344A1 (de) | 1970-01-29 |
NL159066B (nl) | 1979-01-15 |
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