US3477699A - Metering means - Google Patents

Metering means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3477699A
US3477699A US487803A US3477699DA US3477699A US 3477699 A US3477699 A US 3477699A US 487803 A US487803 A US 487803A US 3477699D A US3477699D A US 3477699DA US 3477699 A US3477699 A US 3477699A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
fluid
amplifier
stream
interaction region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US487803A
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English (en)
Inventor
William L Drayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
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Publication of US3477699A publication Critical patent/US3477699A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M7/00—Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions
    • F02M7/10—Other installations, without moving parts, for influencing fuel/air ratio, e.g. electrical means
    • F02M7/106—Fluid amplifier as a device for influencing the fuel-air mixture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/69—Fluid amplifiers in carburetors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2065—Responsive to condition external of system
    • Y10T137/2071—And causing change or correction of sensed condition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2076—Utilizing diverse fluids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to metering means and is particularly directed to fluid amplifiers and fuel systems utilizing fluid amplifier technology.
  • spark ignition internal combustion engines are quite sensitive to the proportions of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, innumerable systems have been developed in attempts to supply the engine with an air-fuel mixture proper for the various operating conditions.
  • the systems in common use include a venturi located in the air inlet to create a pressure signal which varies with the rate of air flow to the engine; this pressure signal determines the rate at which fuel is deliveied to the engine.
  • venturi signal does not vary linearly with air flow.
  • the venturi signal is very weak at low air flow rates. This weak signal would result in insuflicient fuel delivery to the engine.
  • a small venturi which would provide anadequate fuel metering signal at low air flow rates would also restrict air flow at high air flow rates.
  • a compromise is generally adopted in which a separate idle system provides fuel at the lowest air flow rates, a large venturi and one or two small boost venturi provide a fuel metering signal over the part throttle and wide-open throttle operating ranges, and off-idle discharge ports smooth the transition from the idle system to the venturi metering system as the throttle opens.
  • Fuel systems have recently been developed which utilize fluid amplifiers to amplify the venturi pressure signal and deliver fuel to the engine at a rate determined by the amplified signal. Such an arrangement makes such a complex system unnecessary.
  • a fluid amplifier uses a relatively Weak control signal to deflect the path of a fluid stream. Because relatively large deflec- ,tions in the fluid path are obtained with weak controlsignals, a more sensitive control function is obtained by measuring the deflection of the path rather than by directly measuring the control signal.
  • a fuel system relying on a single amplifier for fuel metering may not supply the most desirable air-fuel mixture throughout the entire range of engine operating conditions.
  • This invention provides a compound fluid amplifier which has-a non-linear response to a control signal.
  • This invention further provides a fuel system including a compound fluid amplifier which closely tailors the rate of fuel delivery for the wide range of engine airflow rates.
  • this invention provides means to enrich the mixture supplied by a fluid amplifier arrangement in an internal combustion engine fuel system.
  • This invention also provides a fluid amplifier in which a control signal is transmitted to the interaction region through an outlet of the amplifier rather than through a sepafate control port.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a fuel system carburetor embodying this invention
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged view of a laminated compound amplifier
  • FIGURE 3 is a sectional view along line 3--3 of FIG- URE 2 illustrating the contour of the fluid amplifier splitter;
  • FIGURE 4 is an enlarged view of a contoured compound amplifier
  • FIGURE 5 is a sectional view along line 5-5 of FIG- URE 4 illustrating the contour of the fluid amplifier splitter
  • FIGURE 6 graphically illustrates the metering characteristics of this invention.
  • a carburetor 10 has an air inlet 12 controlled by a throttle 14 in the customary manner.
  • a venturi 16 provides a restriction within air inlet 12 which reduces the pressure of the air flow therethrough to create a control signal related to the rate of air flow.
  • a fluid amplifier indicated generally at 18, has an inlet 20 opening from a carburetor fuel bowl 22 into an interaction region 23. Fuel is maintained at a substantially constant level in bowl 22 by a conventional float and inlet valve mechanism 24. Fuel flow from bowl 22 provides a stream of fuel through amplifier 18 which is issued along a predetermined path within interaction region 23 and which has a predetermined energy state. T he, fuel stream is discharged from interaction region 23 through outlets 26 and 28. With the amplifier construction so far described, the proportion of fuel discharged from outlet 26 is determined by the location of the splitter 30.
  • Aregulating or bias port 34 in amplifier 18 is connected with atmosphere by a passage 36. Passage 36 is controlled by a valve 38, the function of which will be described below in greater detail.
  • An amplifier which operates as described is known as a proportiona amplifier since the proportion of fluid discharged through outlet 26 varies with the pressure drop across the fluid stream, i.e., with the pressure differential between venturi 16 and bias port 34.
  • venturi pressure signal varies as the square of the rate of air flow through the inlet 12. Because the engine requires fuel flow more directly proportional to air flow, it is desirable to have the venturi pressure signal also vary as the square of the rate of fuel flow. It will be appreciated that, as illustrated by the single amplifier curve of FIGURE 6, a single amplifier controlled by the venturi signal can only roughly approximate such a fuel delivery requirement.
  • this invention provides the compound amplifiers 18 and 18" illustrated in FIGURES 2 and 4.
  • the splitters 30' and 30" are constructed so that only a portion of the fuel flow from inlet 20 is divided between outlets 26 and 28 while the remainder is directed through outlet 28.
  • the venturi signal sensed in outlet 26 increases to cause splitters 30 and 30 to divide a greater portion of the fuel flow from inlet 20 between outlets 26 and 28.
  • the splitter 30' comprises a series of stepped portions 40, 42, 44, 46. Fuel flow will be initially divided by the splitter portion 40 and, as the pressure signal sensed in outlet 26 increases, subsequently by splitter portions 40 and 42; 40, 42 and 44; or 40, 42, 44 and 46 in accordance with the value of the pressure signal.
  • the splitter 30" is countoured to provide a continuous increase in the rate of fuel discharged through outlet 26 as the pressure signal sensed through outlet 26 increases.
  • FIGURE 6 The metering characteristics of this invention are graphically illustrated in FIGURE 6 Where it will be noted that the fuel delivery of the compound amplifiers very closely approximates the requirements of the engine.
  • a pressure responsive diaphragm 48 is secured through a plunger 50 to valve 38.
  • Manifold vacuum existing in inlet 12 below the throttle 14, is directed through a conduit 52 against diaphragm 48 in opposition to the bias exerted :by a spring 54.
  • manifold vacuum is suflicient to cause diaphragm 48 to close valve 38 across passage 36.
  • the pressure at bias port 34 will then be at a slightly subatmospheric value determined by the flow conditions within the amplifier 18.
  • spring 54 opens valve 38 so that the pressure at bias port 34 becomes atmospheric.
  • the pressure provides a signal having an energy state much lower than that of the fuel stream but which deflects the fuel toward outlet 26 to direct additional fuel through the inlet nozzle 32. An enriched mixture is thereby provided for the engine.
  • This invention in providing a fuel system having a compound amplifier to meter and deliver fuel throughout the various ranges of engine operating conditions, therefore allows close tailoring of the fuel delivery to the requirements of the engine.
  • This invention may be utilized in many other arrangements to supply fuel to an engine.
  • a proportional fluid amplifier arrangement comprismg a single interaction region
  • a source of fluid connected to said inlet port for issuing a fluid stream along a predetermined path within said interaction region
  • control means connected to said interaction region for supplying a control signal variations of which cause the path of the fluid stream to vary in a certain plane within said interaction region in proportion to the control signal variations
  • splitter for dividing the fluid stream between said outlets in accordance with variations in the path of the fluid stream and for continuously varying the division of the fluid stream over the range of variations in the path of the fluid stream, said splitter having lateral portion means converging to line intersection means, said line intersection means forming that portion of said lateral portion means most closely adjacent said inlet port and defining splitter apex means, said splitter apex means being disposed relative to said certain plane for non-linearly changing the division of the fluid stream between said outlets upon a predetermined change in the path of the fluid stream to establish a fluid condition in one of said outlets which varies in predetermined accordance with variations in the control signal.
  • apex means comprises a plurality of stepped apex portions which extend perpendicularly to said certain plane and which are longitudinally spaced in the general direction of flow of the fluid stream and transversely. spaced in the general direction of variations in the path of the fluid stream.
  • a proportional fluid amplifier arrangement comprisingmg an interaction region,
  • a source of regulated fluid connected to said inlet port for issuing a fluid stream along a predetermined path within said interaction region
  • a source of regulating fluid connected to said conduit for causing fluid flow therethrough
  • control means in said conduit for providing a fluid pressure signal indicative of the rate of flow of regulating fluid therethrough
  • a splitter for dividing the fluid stream issued from said inlet port between said outlets in accordance with variations in the path of the fluid stream and for continuously varying the division of the fluid stream over the range of variations in the path of the fluid stream and for directing an increased portion of the regulated fluid stream to said one outlet upon a change in the signal indicative of an increased rate of flow of regulating fluid through said conduit whereby regulated fluid is delivered to said conduit at a rate of flow in accordance with the rate of flow of regulating fluid.
  • An internal combustion engine fuel system comprising a nozzle adapted to discharge fuel for mixture with air,
  • fluid amplifier means including an interaction region and an inlet port opening into said interaction region
  • a source of liquid fuel connected to said inlet port for issuing a liquid fuel streamalong a predetermined path within said interaction region, said fuel stream having a certain energy state
  • a regulating port opening into said interaction region in said certain plane and connecting said source of air to said interaction region, said source of air providing a pressure signal variations of which also cause the path of the fuel stream to vary within said interaction region,
  • valve means associated with said regulating port for selectively permitting the transmittal of a pressure signal from said source of air to said interaction region
  • valve means connected to said valve means and responsive to an increase in the pressure within said air inlet downstream of said throttle above a predetermined level for opening said valve and transmitting a pressure signal from said source of air to said interaction region
  • said amplifier means further including outlet means opening from said interaction region for receiving the liquid fuel stream, said outlet means having a pair of outlets and a splitter for dividing the liquid fuel stream between said outlets in accordance with variations in the path of the fuel stream and for continuously varying the division of the fuel stream over the range of variations in the path of the fuel stream and for directing an increased portion of the fuel stream to one of said outlets upon a change in the pressure sign-a1 indicative of increased air flow through said air inlet to provide a flow of metered liquid fuel through said one outlet,
  • passage means connecting said one outlet to said nozzle for directing liquid fuel from said one outlet to said nozzle.
  • An internal combustion engine fuel system comprising a venturi in said air inlet connected to said interaction region for supplying a pressure signal indicative of the rate of air fiow through said air inlet and having an energy state substantially lower than the energy state of the fuel stream and variations of which cause the path of the fuel stream to vary in a certain plane within said interaction region in proportion to the pressure signal variations, said amplifier means further including outlet means opening from said interaction region for receiving the liquid fuel stream, said outlet means having a pair of outlets and a single splitter for dividing the liquid fuel stream between said outlets in accordance with variations in the path of the fuel stream and for continuously varying the division of the fuel stream over the range of variations in the path of the fuel stream and for directing an increased portion of the fuel stream to one of said outlets upon a change in the pressure signal indicative of increased air flow through said air inlet to provide a flow of metered liquid fuel through said one outlet, said splitter being disposed relative to said certain plane for nonlinearly varying the division of the fuel stream over the range of variations in the path of the fuel stream whereby the
  • passage means connecting said one outlet to said nozzle for directing nozzle for directing liquid fuel from said one outlet to said nozzle.
  • said single splitter comprises an apex portion having a smooth con tour disposed transversely of said certain plane and inclined both to the general direction of flow of the fuel stream and to the general direction of variations in the path of the fuel stream.
  • An internal combustion engine fuel system comprising fluid amplifier means including an interaction region and an inlet port opening into said interaction region,
  • a source of liquid fuel connected to said inlet port for issuing a liquid fuel stream along a predetermined path within said interaction region, said fuel stream having a certain energy state
  • a venturi in said air inlet connected to said interaction region for supplying a pressure signal indicative of the rate of air flow through said air inlet and having an energy state substantially lower than the energy state of the fuel stream and variations of which cause the path of the fuel stream to vary within said interaction region in proportion to the pressure signal variations
  • said amplifier means further including outlet means opening from said interaction region for receiving the liquid fuel stream, said outlet means having a pair of outlets and a splitter for dividing the liquid fuel stream between said outlets in accordance with variations in the path of the fuel stream and for continuously varying the division of the fuel stream over the range of variations in the path of the fuel stream and for directing an increased portion of the fuel stream to one of said outlets upon a change in the pressure signal indicative of increased air flow through said air inlet to provide a flow of metered liquid fuel through said one outlet,
  • a nozzle adapted to discharge fuel into said venturi for mixture with air and passage means connecting said one outlet to said nozzle for directing liquid fuel from said one outlet to said nozzle, said venturi being connected to said interaction region by said nozzle and said one outlet whereby said pressure signal is transmitted from said venturi to said interaction region through said dis- FOREIGN PATENTS charge nozzle and said one outlet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
US487803A 1965-09-16 1965-09-16 Metering means Expired - Lifetime US3477699A (en)

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US48780365A 1965-09-16 1965-09-16

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3556063A (en) * 1969-06-25 1971-01-19 Borg Warner Fuel system
US3556488A (en) * 1968-07-10 1971-01-19 Aisan Kogyo Co Ltd Carburetor with fluid elements
US3570823A (en) * 1968-07-12 1971-03-16 Aisan Kogyo Co Ltd Carburetor with fluid amplifying elements
US3574346A (en) * 1968-08-21 1971-04-13 Bendix Corp Fuel system
US3648987A (en) * 1969-04-07 1972-03-14 Aisan Kogyo Co Ltd Fluidic two-stage carburetor
US3654944A (en) * 1969-10-29 1972-04-11 Johnson Service Co Fluid mixing control apparatus
US3669423A (en) * 1969-05-21 1972-06-13 Hitachi Ltd Carburetor
US3675906A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-07-11 Bendix Corp Fluidic fuel system
US3679185A (en) * 1968-10-12 1972-07-25 Westinghouse Italiana Carburetor system having a fluidic proportional amplifier
US3698413A (en) * 1969-09-15 1972-10-17 Bendix Corp Fluidic fluid metering system
US3714954A (en) * 1970-08-21 1973-02-06 B Fichter Fluidic flushing mechanism
US3718151A (en) * 1970-05-18 1973-02-27 Nippon Denso Co Gas controlled liquid proportioning fluidic device
US4202061A (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-05-13 The Boeing Company Lavatory wastewater disposal system for aircraft
US6776183B1 (en) 2003-02-28 2004-08-17 Goodrich Corporation Aircraft drain device

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH289804A (it) * 1950-03-09 1953-03-31 Gianini Carlo Procedimento per la polverizzazione forzata intermittente del carburante nei motori a combustione interna e carburatore per la realizzazione del procedimento.
GB694387A (en) * 1950-03-09 1953-07-22 Carlo Gianini System of carburation in internal combustion engines, and a carburettor embodying the system
US2874944A (en) * 1957-06-05 1959-02-24 Gen Motors Corp Charge forming means
FR1257050A (fr) * 1960-02-13 1961-03-31 App Control Equip Moteurs Perfectionnements apportés aux dispositifs de carburation, notamment pour moteurs à deux temps, et aux moteurs munis de ces dispositifs
US3001539A (en) * 1960-08-15 1961-09-26 Hurvitz Hyman Suction amplifier
US3053276A (en) * 1961-04-26 1962-09-11 Kenneth E Woodward Fluid amplifier
GB966660A (en) * 1962-04-23 1964-08-12 Sperry Rand Corp Pure fluid amplifier
US3248053A (en) * 1964-06-18 1966-04-26 Sperry Rand Corp Monostable fluid amplifier and shift register employing same
US3247860A (en) * 1963-04-22 1966-04-26 Sperry Rand Corp Fluid device
US3258023A (en) * 1963-04-12 1966-06-28 Romald E Bowles Pneumatic eye

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1047838A (fr) * 1951-06-21 1953-12-17 Solex Soc Perfectionnements apportés aux carburateurs pour moteurs à explosion
FR1190768A (fr) * 1958-01-22 1959-10-15 Dispositif économiseur de carburant pour moteurs à explosion pendant les périodes où ceux-ci sont résistants
FR1191642A (fr) * 1958-02-14 1959-10-21 Emploi partiel de mélanges pauvres, permettant d'accroître le taux de compression des moteurs à essence, et dispositif correspondant de variation automatique de la richesse
FR75834E (fr) * 1959-06-02 1961-08-18 Emploi partiel de mélanges pauvres, permettant d'accroître le taux de compression des moteurs à essence, et dispositif correspondant de variation automatique de la richesse

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH289804A (it) * 1950-03-09 1953-03-31 Gianini Carlo Procedimento per la polverizzazione forzata intermittente del carburante nei motori a combustione interna e carburatore per la realizzazione del procedimento.
GB694387A (en) * 1950-03-09 1953-07-22 Carlo Gianini System of carburation in internal combustion engines, and a carburettor embodying the system
US2874944A (en) * 1957-06-05 1959-02-24 Gen Motors Corp Charge forming means
FR1257050A (fr) * 1960-02-13 1961-03-31 App Control Equip Moteurs Perfectionnements apportés aux dispositifs de carburation, notamment pour moteurs à deux temps, et aux moteurs munis de ces dispositifs
US3001539A (en) * 1960-08-15 1961-09-26 Hurvitz Hyman Suction amplifier
US3053276A (en) * 1961-04-26 1962-09-11 Kenneth E Woodward Fluid amplifier
GB966660A (en) * 1962-04-23 1964-08-12 Sperry Rand Corp Pure fluid amplifier
US3258023A (en) * 1963-04-12 1966-06-28 Romald E Bowles Pneumatic eye
US3247860A (en) * 1963-04-22 1966-04-26 Sperry Rand Corp Fluid device
US3248053A (en) * 1964-06-18 1966-04-26 Sperry Rand Corp Monostable fluid amplifier and shift register employing same

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3556488A (en) * 1968-07-10 1971-01-19 Aisan Kogyo Co Ltd Carburetor with fluid elements
US3570823A (en) * 1968-07-12 1971-03-16 Aisan Kogyo Co Ltd Carburetor with fluid amplifying elements
US3574346A (en) * 1968-08-21 1971-04-13 Bendix Corp Fuel system
US3679185A (en) * 1968-10-12 1972-07-25 Westinghouse Italiana Carburetor system having a fluidic proportional amplifier
US3648987A (en) * 1969-04-07 1972-03-14 Aisan Kogyo Co Ltd Fluidic two-stage carburetor
US3669423A (en) * 1969-05-21 1972-06-13 Hitachi Ltd Carburetor
US3556063A (en) * 1969-06-25 1971-01-19 Borg Warner Fuel system
US3698413A (en) * 1969-09-15 1972-10-17 Bendix Corp Fluidic fluid metering system
US3654944A (en) * 1969-10-29 1972-04-11 Johnson Service Co Fluid mixing control apparatus
US3718151A (en) * 1970-05-18 1973-02-27 Nippon Denso Co Gas controlled liquid proportioning fluidic device
US3714954A (en) * 1970-08-21 1973-02-06 B Fichter Fluidic flushing mechanism
US3675906A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-07-11 Bendix Corp Fluidic fuel system
US4202061A (en) * 1978-12-29 1980-05-13 The Boeing Company Lavatory wastewater disposal system for aircraft
US6776183B1 (en) 2003-02-28 2004-08-17 Goodrich Corporation Aircraft drain device

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GB1159602A (en) 1969-07-30
DE1284685B (de) 1968-12-05

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