US3473061A - Ignition arrangements for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Ignition arrangements for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3473061A
US3473061A US662475A US3473061DA US3473061A US 3473061 A US3473061 A US 3473061A US 662475 A US662475 A US 662475A US 3473061D A US3473061D A US 3473061DA US 3473061 A US3473061 A US 3473061A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
signal generator
ignition
saw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US662475A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Soehner
Gerd Hoehne
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3473061A publication Critical patent/US3473061A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/20—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P3/00—Other installations
    • F02P3/02—Other installations having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
    • F02P3/04—Layout of circuits
    • F02P3/0407—Opening or closing the primary coil circuit with electronic switching means
    • F02P3/0435—Opening or closing the primary coil circuit with electronic switching means with semiconductor devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P7/00—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices
    • F02P7/06—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of circuit-makers or -breakers, or pick-up devices adapted to sense particular points of the timing cycle
    • F02P7/067—Electromagnetic pick-up devices, e.g. providing induced current in a coil
    • F02P7/0675—Electromagnetic pick-up devices, e.g. providing induced current in a coil with variable reluctance, e.g. depending on the shape of a tooth

Definitions

  • the invention includes a signal generator which produces an alternating signal, in an induction coil, having positive and negative portions. For purposes of actuating the electric circuitry, however, only one p0rtion--all of the same polarity, is used from this alternating signal. Thus, only the positive or negative portion of the alternating signal is required. The other portion of the curve with opposite polarity, is undesirable since it may cause destruction of the semiconducting circuitry, when its magnitude becomes too large.
  • Reliable operation of the ignition arrangement is essential for low rotational velocities, in order to assure starting of the engine.
  • the rotational velocity, when starting, can be especially small when the battery is insufiiciently charged or the temperature is relatively low.
  • the signal generator is relied upon, however, to provide sufiiciently large voltage signals for ignition purposes, even under these conditions. This requirement becomes difficult to fulfill, however, when the diode is series connected.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the conventional signal generators for ignition arrangements.
  • the invention achieves these objects through a signal generator having a rotor which has a saw-tooth cross sectional area.
  • the saw-tooth design of the rotor provides for steeply inclined edges as well as gradually sloping edges or surfaces.
  • the signal generator is designed with the special advantage that the base of the saw-tooth exceeds one half the distance between adjacent peaks of the saw-teeth.
  • the voltage signal produced by the gradually sloping surface of the saw-tooth is of relatvely small magnitude since the rate of variation of the flux is relatively low. In this manner it is possible to avoid the safety devices, described supra, for protecting the semiconducting circuitry. It is thus apparent that the gradually sloping edge or surface is of special constructional significance.
  • the back of any one tooth could extend only over a relatively small amount of space between two adjacent teeth. If on the other hand, only a small number of saw-teeth are applied, the back of any one tooth may extend over a larger amount of space.
  • the radius of the generator, generally built into the distributor, is here also of significance.
  • the signal generator is further constructed, in an advantageous manner, so that a recess prevails between the undercut edge of a tooth and the back end of the adjacent tooth.
  • This undercutting of the saw-tooth is especially advantageous because it provides for a particularly large portion of the voltage used for ignition purposes.
  • the gradually sloping surface In designing the saw-tooth, and the rotor, it is desirable that the gradually sloping surface have the shape whereby the magnetic flux may increase linearly with the rotation of the rotor.
  • the gradually sloping edge or surface In generators having radial teeth, the gradually sloping edge or surface is designed so that its cross section is in the form of an Archimedian spiral. In this manner the portion of the alternating signal, which is not used, remains at a relatively low value and is constant with the angular rotation.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide specifically shaped and sharp pulses to spark plugs in an internal combustion engine.
  • These ignition pulses are produced through a signal generator having stator and rotor members.
  • An induction coil is mounted on the stator and has terminals leading to the exterior thereof.
  • the rotor member rotates within the stator and is magnetically linked with the field produced by the stator.
  • the rotor member has a plurality of saw teeth each shaped to include a steeply inclined edge connecting with a gradually sloping edge terminating in a recess.
  • the magnetic flux linking the stator and rotor members is varied periodically as the rotor member rotates with respect to the stator.
  • the output of this signal generator are thus pulses of the required magnitude and duration.
  • An electronic circuit connected to the output of the signal generator serves to shape the pulses so that they are of the required characteristics for igniting the spark plugs.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross sectional view of a signal generator, in accordance with the present invention, when applied to a four cylinder four cycle internal combustion engine;
  • FIG. 2 is an end view of the signal generator taken along lines II-II in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a graphical plot of voltage as a function of the rotational angle of the signal generator.
  • FIG. 4 is an electrical schematic diagram of the switching circuitry applicable to the signal generator.
  • the signal generator comprises essentially a stationary part or stator 10, and a movable part or rotor 11.
  • the stator and rotor are linked by a magnetic circuit.
  • the stationary part has a cylindrical exterior surface 12.
  • the stator 10 is also provided with a bore 13 to permit a driving shaft 14 to pass therethrough.
  • the bore 13 forms the wall of a concentric portion about the shaft 14, which forms a recess 15.
  • the recess 15 serves to retain an excitation coil 16 and an induction coil 17.
  • the terminals 18, 19, 20, and 21, of these two coils, are led to the exterior of the generator.
  • the stationary part 10 terminates in four poles 24, of rectangular cross section, displaced from one another by 90 degrees.
  • a hollow cylindrical part 25 is secured to the driving shaft 14.
  • the outer diameter of the cylindrical part 25 is only somewhat smaller than the inner diameter of the bore 13 within which the part 25 extends.
  • the part 25 terminates in a flange 26 adjacent to the end of the wall containing the bore 13.
  • a second hollow cylindrical part 27 consisting of non-magnetic material resides along the longitudinal surface of the shaft 14 and abuts the part 25.
  • a permanent magnet in hollow cylindrical form resides concentrically about the member or sleeve 27. Abutting the north designated end of the permanent magnet 28, is the variable air gap rotor 29.
  • the cross section of the rotor is in the form of a circular saw havingfour teeth 30. The back surfaces 33 of these teeth recede toward the rotor center.
  • the saw teeth 30 at the circumference of the rotor 29, form elevations and recesses.
  • the back surfaces 33 present a low incline or rise with respect to the pole 24.
  • the edge 34 presents a very steep rise or incline with respect to the pole 24.
  • the edge 34 is, in fact, in the form of an undercut saw tooth. The construction is such that the rising sufaces 33 extends over more than one half the space between the peaks of successive saw teeth.
  • a recessed surface 36 is interposed and joins the undercut edge 34 with the rising surface 33.
  • the recessed surface 36 has shown itself to be very important in the present invention.
  • the permanent magnet 28 is polarized in its axial direction, as shown in FIG. 1, through the designations of N and S corresponding to the north and south poles.
  • the permament magnet produces a magnetic path within the magnetic circuit formed by the stator 10 and the rotor 11.
  • FIG. 1 shows a single flux line 35 of this magnetic path.
  • the magnitude of the magnetic flux is dependent upon the orientation of the rotor 11 in relation to the stator. If the rotor is somewhat turned from the position shown in FIG. 2 in the direction shown by the arrows in FIG. 2, the poles 24 will lie opposite the recess surfaces 36. In this position the air gap between the stator and rotor is of a large magnitude and accordingly the magnetic flux is very small in amount.
  • the poles 24 commence to lie opposite the rising surfaces 33.
  • the rate of rise or incline of the rising surfaces 33 is such that the magnetic flux increases linearly with the angle of rotation. This linear increase is also made quite small so that only a small constant voltage is symbolized in the induction coil 17. Shortly before the rotor attains the position shown in FIG. 2, the magnetic flux attains a maximum value, and then falls abruply to a low value, due to the undercut edge 34 and the recess surface 36.
  • the variations in flux induce, within the induction coil 17, an alternating voltage u, shown in FIG. 3.
  • this voltage curve is not symmetrical.
  • the portion of the curve lying above the abscissa a or coordinate axis has an essentially constant instantaneous value u of substantially low magnitude.
  • the portion of the curve lying beneath the abscissa attains a relatively high instantaneous peak 11 This peak is reduced to a value not less than U when operating under load.
  • the dotted curve 14' corresponds to the relationship prevailing when the operation is under load.
  • the magnitude U is proportional to the angular speed of rotation, not considering the interactions of eddy currents.
  • the magnetic flux may be increased or diminished.
  • the magnitude of the voltage can accordingly be varied.
  • the permanent magnet may be replaced with soft magnetizable material.
  • FIG. 4 shows an ignition circuit which serves mainly for purposes of clarification.
  • the negative terminal of the battery 40 is connected to ground while the positive terminal is connected to the conducting path 42, by way of an ignition switch 41.
  • the ignition arrangement includes an ignition coil 43 having a primary winding 44 and a secondary winding 45. One end of each of these two windings is connected to ground. The other end of the secondary winding 45 is connected to a slider 46 of a distributor 47.
  • the distributor has four stationary contacts 48 leading to spark plugs 49.
  • the signal generator and distributor disclosed in the preferred embodiment is adaptable to a four cylinder engine.
  • the ignition arrangement has, in addition, a monostable multivibrator with two p-n-p transistors 52 and 53, as well as a p-n-p power transistor 54.
  • the base of the transistor 52 is connected to the terminal 21 of the induction coil 17.
  • the other terminal 20, of the induction coil is connected to the positive conducting path 42.
  • the emitter of the transistor 52 leads to the conducting path 42, by way of a resistor 55.
  • the emitter of the transistor 52 is also connected to the emitter of the transistor 53, through the resistor 56.
  • the emitter of the transistor 53 is connected to the base of the power transistor 54 and to one electrode of the capacitor 57.
  • the other electrode of the capacitor 57 is connected to the conducting path 42.
  • the collector of the transistor 52 is directly connected to one electrode of the capacitor 58, as well as to ground, by way of the resistor 59.
  • the other electrode of the capacitor 58 is connected to the base of the transistor 53,.directly, as well as to ground, through means of a discharge resistor 62.
  • the latter has a resistance which is large compared with the resistance of the resistor 59.
  • the collector of the transistor 53 is connected to ground, by way of a resistor 63.
  • This collector of the transistor 53 is also connected, by way of the resistor 64, to the base of the transistor 52.
  • the emitter of the power transistor 54 is directly connected to the positive conducting path 42, as well as to the cathode of a Zener diode 65.
  • the anode of this Zener diode is connected to the collector of the power transistor 54.
  • the collector of the transistr 54 also leads to the primary winding 44, by way of the resistor 66.
  • this positive portion never attains a high value, due to the advantageous design provided.
  • severe loading of the signal generator is avoided, as would prevail due to the diode 68.
  • the diode 67 was effective in providing poor starting characteristics.
  • the invention thus provides an improved signal generator for electronic ignition arrangements, through Simple and economic construction.
  • a signal generator for ignition arrangements comprising, in combination, a stator member; an induction coil mounted within said stator and having terminals leading to the exterior of said stator; a rotor member rotatable within said stator and magnetically linked therewith, said rotor member having a plurality of teeth each having a profile formed by a leading edge of spiral curvature and a trailing edge inclined with respect to a diameter of said rotor member passing through the axis of rotation of said rotor member, whereby the magnetic flux linking the stator and rotor members is varied periodically as said rotor member rotates with respect to said stator member.
  • the signal generator as defined in claim 1 including a permanent magnet within the magnetic circuit linking said rotor and stator members.
  • the signal generator as defined in claim 8 including an excitation coil within said magnetic circuit linking said rotor and stator members.
  • a signal generator for ignition arrangements comprising, in combination, a stator member; an induction coil mounted within said stator and having terminals leading to the exterior of said stator; a rotor member rotatable within said stator and magnetically linked therewith, said rotor member having a plurality of saw-teeth each having, in direction of rotation, a gradually sloping front edge and an undercut steeply inclined rear edge spaced from the gradually sloping front edge of the subsequent saw-tooth by a recess, whereby the magnetic flux linking the stator and rotor members is varied periodically as said rotor member rotates with respect to said stator member.
US662475A 1966-08-27 1967-08-22 Ignition arrangements for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3473061A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB0088665 1966-08-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3473061A true US3473061A (en) 1969-10-14

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US662475A Expired - Lifetime US3473061A (en) 1966-08-27 1967-08-22 Ignition arrangements for internal combustion engines

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US (1) US3473061A (de)
AT (1) AT275247B (de)
DE (1) DE1539172B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1200785A (de)
SE (1) SE330804B (de)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3619678A (en) * 1970-01-22 1971-11-09 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Dual output ac transducer
US3650260A (en) * 1969-11-24 1972-03-21 Raffacle Vittorio Silvera Breakerless ignition system for an internal combustion engine
US3692009A (en) * 1969-10-18 1972-09-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ignition arrangements for internal combustion engines
US3749974A (en) * 1971-06-01 1973-07-31 Chrysler Corp Electronic ignition controller
US3791364A (en) * 1970-06-03 1974-02-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ignition system for internal combustion engine
US3816781A (en) * 1972-04-28 1974-06-11 Siemens Ag Circuit for correcting the influence of velocity on an inductive position transducer
US3841288A (en) * 1970-09-05 1974-10-15 Philips Corp Ignition system for internal combustion engines
US3855560A (en) * 1973-05-14 1974-12-17 Clarostat Mfg Co Inc Multi position rotary detent device
US3871347A (en) * 1972-11-20 1975-03-18 Motorola Inc Constant dwell ignition system
US3889650A (en) * 1971-12-15 1975-06-17 Mobelec International Limited Electric pulse generating apparatus
US3934216A (en) * 1974-12-11 1976-01-20 Clarostat Mfg. Co., Inc. Magnetic detent device
US3939372A (en) * 1973-05-29 1976-02-17 The Singer Company Contact-free pulse generators
US3938491A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-02-17 Terry Industries Switching circuit for ignition system
US3943698A (en) * 1973-12-10 1976-03-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha Rotor for electronic wristwatch step motor
US4046124A (en) * 1975-09-10 1977-09-06 Long Leslie T High performance ignition circuit
US4143633A (en) * 1977-01-31 1979-03-13 Autotronic Controls Corporation Crankshaft trigger wheel
US4236094A (en) * 1977-07-01 1980-11-25 Societe Pour L'equipement De Vehicules Ignition transducer for vehicle engines
US4485796A (en) * 1983-07-29 1984-12-04 General Motors Corporation Ignition distributor voltage generator
US4529903A (en) * 1983-09-23 1985-07-16 Jeco Co., Ltd. Pulse generators combined with micromotors
US4620522A (en) * 1984-09-10 1986-11-04 Boyer James A Ignition distributor voltage generator
EP0630096A1 (de) * 1993-06-14 1994-12-21 Nihon Riken Co., Ltd. Antriebskrafterzeugungsvorrichtung
US5436518A (en) * 1992-01-03 1995-07-25 Nihon Riken Co., Ltd. Motive power generating device
US20070013251A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-18 Zoran Djuric PDC motor-generator
FR3080231A1 (fr) * 2018-04-17 2019-10-18 Safran Electrical & Power Machine electrique synchrone
WO2019202241A1 (fr) 2018-04-17 2019-10-24 Safran Electrical & Power Machine électrique synchrone

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2827341A1 (de) * 1977-07-01 1979-01-11 Sev Marchal Geber, insbesondere zum zuenden von kraftfahrzeugmotoren
CN106960537A (zh) * 2017-04-07 2017-07-18 广东华建电气消防安全检测有限公司 一种新型电气火灾监控系统的维保检测装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1587958A (en) * 1924-02-15 1926-06-08 British Lighting And Ignition Ignition magneto
US2446671A (en) * 1948-08-10 Ignition system
US3277870A (en) * 1965-12-30 1966-10-11 Foster Wheeler Corp Buckstay arrangement for vapor generators and the like
US3322107A (en) * 1965-04-14 1967-05-30 Ford Motor Co Ignition system
US3356896A (en) * 1964-12-16 1967-12-05 Motorola Inc Electronic device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3139876A (en) * 1960-08-16 1964-07-07 Lucas Industries Ltd Spark ignition apparatus for internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2446671A (en) * 1948-08-10 Ignition system
US1587958A (en) * 1924-02-15 1926-06-08 British Lighting And Ignition Ignition magneto
US3356896A (en) * 1964-12-16 1967-12-05 Motorola Inc Electronic device
US3322107A (en) * 1965-04-14 1967-05-30 Ford Motor Co Ignition system
US3277870A (en) * 1965-12-30 1966-10-11 Foster Wheeler Corp Buckstay arrangement for vapor generators and the like

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3692009A (en) * 1969-10-18 1972-09-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ignition arrangements for internal combustion engines
US3650260A (en) * 1969-11-24 1972-03-21 Raffacle Vittorio Silvera Breakerless ignition system for an internal combustion engine
US3619678A (en) * 1970-01-22 1971-11-09 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Dual output ac transducer
US3791364A (en) * 1970-06-03 1974-02-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ignition system for internal combustion engine
US3841288A (en) * 1970-09-05 1974-10-15 Philips Corp Ignition system for internal combustion engines
US3749974A (en) * 1971-06-01 1973-07-31 Chrysler Corp Electronic ignition controller
US3889650A (en) * 1971-12-15 1975-06-17 Mobelec International Limited Electric pulse generating apparatus
US3816781A (en) * 1972-04-28 1974-06-11 Siemens Ag Circuit for correcting the influence of velocity on an inductive position transducer
US3871347A (en) * 1972-11-20 1975-03-18 Motorola Inc Constant dwell ignition system
US3855560A (en) * 1973-05-14 1974-12-17 Clarostat Mfg Co Inc Multi position rotary detent device
US3939372A (en) * 1973-05-29 1976-02-17 The Singer Company Contact-free pulse generators
US3943698A (en) * 1973-12-10 1976-03-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha Rotor for electronic wristwatch step motor
US3938491A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-02-17 Terry Industries Switching circuit for ignition system
US3934216A (en) * 1974-12-11 1976-01-20 Clarostat Mfg. Co., Inc. Magnetic detent device
US4046124A (en) * 1975-09-10 1977-09-06 Long Leslie T High performance ignition circuit
US4143633A (en) * 1977-01-31 1979-03-13 Autotronic Controls Corporation Crankshaft trigger wheel
US4236094A (en) * 1977-07-01 1980-11-25 Societe Pour L'equipement De Vehicules Ignition transducer for vehicle engines
US4485796A (en) * 1983-07-29 1984-12-04 General Motors Corporation Ignition distributor voltage generator
US4529903A (en) * 1983-09-23 1985-07-16 Jeco Co., Ltd. Pulse generators combined with micromotors
US4620522A (en) * 1984-09-10 1986-11-04 Boyer James A Ignition distributor voltage generator
US5436518A (en) * 1992-01-03 1995-07-25 Nihon Riken Co., Ltd. Motive power generating device
EP0630096A1 (de) * 1993-06-14 1994-12-21 Nihon Riken Co., Ltd. Antriebskrafterzeugungsvorrichtung
US20070013251A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-18 Zoran Djuric PDC motor-generator
FR3080231A1 (fr) * 2018-04-17 2019-10-18 Safran Electrical & Power Machine electrique synchrone
WO2019202241A1 (fr) 2018-04-17 2019-10-24 Safran Electrical & Power Machine électrique synchrone
US11444522B2 (en) 2018-04-17 2022-09-13 Safran Electrical & Power Synchronous electrical machine with rotor having angularly shifted portions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1539172B1 (de) 1972-03-09
AT275247B (de) 1969-10-10
SE330804B (de) 1970-11-30
GB1200785A (en) 1970-08-05

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