US3468081A - Prefabricated building elements - Google Patents

Prefabricated building elements Download PDF

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Publication number
US3468081A
US3468081A US692221A US3468081DA US3468081A US 3468081 A US3468081 A US 3468081A US 692221 A US692221 A US 692221A US 3468081D A US3468081D A US 3468081DA US 3468081 A US3468081 A US 3468081A
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Prior art keywords
building
elements
slabs
slab
floor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US692221A
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English (en)
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Aulis Saarinen
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material

Definitions

  • the profiles of adjoining wall portions or slabs, and superposed floor and ceiling portions are preferably set off in horizontal direction by half a pitch.
  • the floor and ceiling slabs have relatively thin intermediate portions between the beam-like portions, with the latter being recessed in, for example, the ceiling slabs, and the intermediate portions being conversely recessed, in turn, in the floor slabs.
  • the invention relates to prefabricated building elements used in erecting houses.
  • the elements comprise floor and ceiling slabs and at least one side-wall slab, attached together and ready for installation so as to form a unit constituting a room in the house.
  • the elements hitherto used have been mostly factory molded or cast regular slabs which have been joined at the building site to the body structure of the building, and in individual floors to form outer walls and partitions.
  • the use of prefabricated room elements has been relatively limited and even then only in smaller units as for example in bathrooms. In some countries experiments have been made to build houses by using entire prefabricated room elements but even then the body structure is made in a building on which the elements or units are being installed.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a room element or unit comprising floor and ceiling slabs and at least one Wall slab so that by suitably assembling them side-by-side and one on top of the other a house with several floors can be built up without first making a. body structure for the building. There is thus achieved a considerable technical advantage and a saving in costs compared with What was known before.
  • the cross section of a slab element on one side is plane and on the other side is provided with a rather coarse-pitched toothing or with corrugations so that when these slab elements are joined to room units the plane surface comes to the inner side, the corrugations being 3,46%,fi3l Patented Sept. 23, 1969 formed so that they carry beam-like portions, giving a strong construction.
  • the slab elements are so fitted that in the structure the ceiling element of the lower room unit and the floor element of the upper room unit mutually interlock so that the projections of one element fit into the depressions of the other and overlap therewith, and the wall element of one room unit fits between portions of an adjacent element in a corresponding way.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified axonometric view of a prefabricated, cast building element in the form of a room unit, according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of a building made of room units as shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial horizontal cross-sectional view of a building
  • FIG. 4 is an axonometric, somewhat schematic view of the joining of the side wall and the floor of an upper room unit and the ceiling of a lower room unit in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to that of FIG. 4 but of the joining including the end walls of the respective room units.
  • a prefabricated building element in the form of a room unit according to the invention is made of slab elements molded or cast in suitable forms from a concrete or other stiffening or hardening mass.
  • Each room unit comprises a floor element or slab 1, a ceiling slab 2 and at least one side-wall slab, such as shown at 3 and 4, which at or along their edges are joined together so that they form a box-like unit capable to be handled, transported and installed as a single unit.
  • the cross section of the floor, ceiling and side slabs 1 to 4 of the room unit is made plane or uniform on one side and toothed with rather coarse-pitched teeth on the other side so that on the outer surface of the elements there are formed thickened beam-like portions 5.
  • the tooth provided by the beam portion 5 is substantially trapeziumshaped.
  • the ceiling slab 2 of the lower unit and the floor slab 1 of the upper unit, as well as the wall slabs 3, 4 of the adjacent units will fit so that the projections of the one unit fit into the depressions of the other unit (FIGS. 2 and 3); thus the installation of the elements and units becomes easier.
  • the slabs located two by two on opposite sides of the room unit are made so that their respective cross sections are shifted between the elements by half a pitch in a horizontal direction.
  • the room units can thus be placed one. on another as Well as side-by-side so that they come accurately to the predetermined place.
  • FIG. 2 shows a vertical cross section of a building made of room units according to the invention, as well as of window walls 6.
  • the exemplary building has a basement and three floors.
  • the building has no frame struc- 3 ture but it is made of elements 1 to 3, etc. according to FIG. 1 by stacking them both vertically and horizontally. Only a sole element, as shown at the basement level, has to be molded or cast at the building site.
  • the room units located on the individual floors and bounded by window walls 6 are made according to FIG. 1, comprising besides the floor slab 1, ceiling slab 2 and side-wall slabs 3, 4 also the afore-mentioned window wall slabs 6 with prefastened window frames and insulators.
  • the units are placed one on each other so that between the floor and the ceiling elements 1, 2, there remains a small air channel, except at the edges where the side walls 3, 4 stand.
  • FIG. 4 shows the joining of the boor and ceiling slabs to the side walls.
  • the depth of the recesses 7 corresponds to the height of the thickened portions 5 in the side Wall 3.
  • the ceiling slabs 2 comprise on their sides recesses or openings 9 at the thickened portions, and projections 10 at the thin portions.
  • the side walls 3 are again attached to the floor and ceiling slabs so that the thick portions 5 hit the projections 8 and 10.
  • the thickenings 5 form a continuous line of vertical beams extending from below upwards. Naturally the arrangement is the same for the walls 4 but so that the thickenings 5 are moved by half a pitch, as before described.
  • the size of the elements according to the invention is limited only by transport provisions because the height and width are limited by transport route facilities. Even within these limits it is possible to manufacture elements and units which can be assembled into rather substantial buildings which correspond to normal demands. A greater continuous room can of course be assembled of several successive room units, as described.
  • the invention has a great importance in terms of political economy. As realized on a large scale it is adapted to reduce predominant costs of dwellings and to shorten the realization of the private and public building programs, assisting in this way in solving the housing problem presently prevailing in certain countries.
  • the form of the floor, Wall and ceiling slabs of the room units according to the invention is not restricted to the trapezium-toothed cross section as described herein, but other cross sections may be considered which may accomplish the increase of load-bearing ability and opposite overlapping of the elements.
  • the cross section can be, for example, wavy as well as of other forms.
  • the room units comprise only the floor and ceiling slabs and one side wall, and then while erecting the house the ceiling slab will be supported either by pillars or by another side-wall slab on the other side. It is not even necessary that the room units be assembled so that the thickened portions in the opposite walls are staggered by half a pitch, as before mentioned in the description, but it may even be realized so that the staggering is provided in the elements to be placed side-by-side, and one on the other, while of course at least two units are needed which are dilferent in this respect.
  • each building element comprising a floor slab, a ceiling slab and at least one side-Wall slab form ing a monolithic structure, constituting a room unit adapted to form at least part of a room and the like confined space in the house, wherein the cross section of said slabs on the inner side thereof is plane and on the outer side said slabs are provided with a relatively coarsepitched toothing so that load-bearing, thickened beamlike portions are formed therebetween, thus stiffening and strengthening the structure and said building element in substantially gapless mating engagement with beamlike portions of respective adjoining slabs of other building elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
US692221A 1966-12-22 1967-12-20 Prefabricated building elements Expired - Lifetime US3468081A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI3408/66A FI42001B (da) 1966-12-22 1966-12-22

Publications (1)

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US3468081A true US3468081A (en) 1969-09-23

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US692221A Expired - Lifetime US3468081A (en) 1966-12-22 1967-12-20 Prefabricated building elements

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US (1) US3468081A (da)
DK (1) DK127564B (da)
FI (1) FI42001B (da)
FR (1) FR1561185A (da)
GB (1) GB1209160A (da)
NO (1) NO122721B (da)
SE (1) SE314181B (da)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3596417A (en) * 1969-04-09 1971-08-03 Zachry Co H B Precast rooms
US3722168A (en) * 1968-02-14 1973-03-27 Dano Modules Inc Method of modular building construction
US3793796A (en) * 1971-09-24 1974-02-26 R Hughes Modular building system
US3878656A (en) * 1974-04-09 1975-04-22 Duwe E C Modular mausoleum crypt system
US3962835A (en) * 1973-07-25 1976-06-15 Philip Andrew Little Building unit
US3982366A (en) * 1974-11-27 1976-09-28 Haapala Jalo P Structural space element
US3990193A (en) * 1972-04-18 1976-11-09 Ray Orlando F Prefabricated building module and modular construction method for the module
US4129969A (en) * 1975-06-27 1978-12-19 Jalo Haapala Structural space element
US4159602A (en) * 1976-04-09 1979-07-03 Matrapa S.A. Three-dimensional construction element comprising a body of generally polyhedral form
US4185423A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-01-29 Systems Concept, Inc. Lightweight building module
US4211043A (en) * 1978-01-06 1980-07-08 Coday Jerry F Precast concrete building module form
US4622788A (en) * 1981-08-07 1986-11-18 Lars-Goran Franklin Blixt Building structure, especially air raid shelter
US5775046A (en) * 1996-05-10 1998-07-07 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Modular construction member
US6052954A (en) * 1998-05-01 2000-04-25 Pyra Development, Llc Burial structure for the non-retrievable interment of human remains and significant memorabilia
US11274464B2 (en) * 2018-09-13 2022-03-15 Baker Engineering & Risk Consultants, Inc. Fragment-, overpressure-, radiation-, and toxic-resistant emergency safety shelter
US20220220758A1 (en) * 2021-01-12 2022-07-14 Build Ip Llc Stackable Foldable Transportable Buildings
US11718984B2 (en) 2021-01-12 2023-08-08 Build Ip Llc Liftable foldable transportable buildings
US11821196B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-11-21 Boxabl Inc. Foldable building structures with utility channels and laminate enclosures
US12031317B2 (en) 2022-11-30 2024-07-09 Boxabl Inc. Foldable building structures with utility channels and laminate enclosures

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3831327A (en) * 1972-03-01 1974-08-27 Marcor Housing Systems Service core installation system
US4107886A (en) * 1974-03-25 1978-08-22 Systems Concept, Inc. Prefabricated building module

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2154142A (en) * 1937-07-08 1939-04-11 Copper Houses Inc Mobile building
FR1247006A (fr) * 1959-07-08 1960-10-17 Astram S P R L Mode de construction métallique et éléments unitaires caractérisant cette construction
US3292327A (en) * 1960-09-14 1966-12-20 Patent Concern Nv Plural story building comprising superimposed box-shaped dwelling units

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2154142A (en) * 1937-07-08 1939-04-11 Copper Houses Inc Mobile building
FR1247006A (fr) * 1959-07-08 1960-10-17 Astram S P R L Mode de construction métallique et éléments unitaires caractérisant cette construction
US3292327A (en) * 1960-09-14 1966-12-20 Patent Concern Nv Plural story building comprising superimposed box-shaped dwelling units

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3722168A (en) * 1968-02-14 1973-03-27 Dano Modules Inc Method of modular building construction
US3596417A (en) * 1969-04-09 1971-08-03 Zachry Co H B Precast rooms
US3793796A (en) * 1971-09-24 1974-02-26 R Hughes Modular building system
US3990193A (en) * 1972-04-18 1976-11-09 Ray Orlando F Prefabricated building module and modular construction method for the module
US3962835A (en) * 1973-07-25 1976-06-15 Philip Andrew Little Building unit
US3878656A (en) * 1974-04-09 1975-04-22 Duwe E C Modular mausoleum crypt system
US3982366A (en) * 1974-11-27 1976-09-28 Haapala Jalo P Structural space element
US4129969A (en) * 1975-06-27 1978-12-19 Jalo Haapala Structural space element
US4159602A (en) * 1976-04-09 1979-07-03 Matrapa S.A. Three-dimensional construction element comprising a body of generally polyhedral form
US4211043A (en) * 1978-01-06 1980-07-08 Coday Jerry F Precast concrete building module form
US4185423A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-01-29 Systems Concept, Inc. Lightweight building module
US4622788A (en) * 1981-08-07 1986-11-18 Lars-Goran Franklin Blixt Building structure, especially air raid shelter
US5775046A (en) * 1996-05-10 1998-07-07 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Modular construction member
US6052954A (en) * 1998-05-01 2000-04-25 Pyra Development, Llc Burial structure for the non-retrievable interment of human remains and significant memorabilia
US11274464B2 (en) * 2018-09-13 2022-03-15 Baker Engineering & Risk Consultants, Inc. Fragment-, overpressure-, radiation-, and toxic-resistant emergency safety shelter
US11821196B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-11-21 Boxabl Inc. Foldable building structures with utility channels and laminate enclosures
US20220220758A1 (en) * 2021-01-12 2022-07-14 Build Ip Llc Stackable Foldable Transportable Buildings
US11718984B2 (en) 2021-01-12 2023-08-08 Build Ip Llc Liftable foldable transportable buildings
US11739547B2 (en) * 2021-01-12 2023-08-29 Build Ip Llc Stackable foldable transportable buildings
US12031317B2 (en) 2022-11-30 2024-07-09 Boxabl Inc. Foldable building structures with utility channels and laminate enclosures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO122721B (da) 1971-08-02
FR1561185A (da) 1969-03-28
DK127564B (da) 1973-11-26
SE314181B (da) 1969-09-01
FI42001B (da) 1969-12-31
DE1659228A1 (de) 1971-01-28
GB1209160A (en) 1970-10-21
DE1659228B2 (de) 1975-07-03

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