US3464361A - Volumetric machine - Google Patents

Description

Sept 2, 1969 Q. o. vosER 3,464,361

VOLUMETRIC MACHINE Filed June 14. 1967 4 Sheets-sheet 1 rsin Fi@ rSincos-nn rslnsm- L 1m16- w P Z 9 Y u) Q/ W uw' i kn wsmcos n+195mm X INVENTOR otto vosER Sept. 2, 1969 o. o. vosER 3,464,361

VOLUMETRIC MACHINE Filed June 14, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR otto vosER Sept. 2, 1969 o. o. VQSER 3,464,361

VOLUMETRIC MACHINE Filed June 14, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR Otto VOSER Sept. 2, 1969 o. o. vosl-:R 3,464,361

voLUMETRIc MACHINE Filed June 14, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 FlG. 9

INVENTOR Otto VOSER United States Patent C U.S. Cl. 103-117 10 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The volume spaces are defined on one hand by the opposite walls of at least two members in reciprocal contact of which one is angularly stationary and the other is in rotary motion with respect thereto. The members are held in a casing having a spherical shape. One of the members has a number of radially extending lines delining high spots or vertices corresponding to the number of volume spaces desired. These vertices are in continual Sliding contact with the other part. Each of said vertices is formed by a conic sector of which the generating lines and axis all are directed towards a common point.

These lines form two and two each, equal trihedral angles with the axis of symmetry passing through said common point, second that the surface of the other part that is in contact with the vertices is formed by the envelope described by said vertices when the respective part is subjected to a precision with respect to the other part about an axis passing through the common point of the axes, third that the surface-portion of the rst part defined by two adjacent vertices is so chosen that said relative rotary motion will be permitted, and finally that means are provided for subjecting one of said two parts to the precession about the axis of symmetry of the other part.

One form of my present invention is shown in the drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 shows graphically the mathematical principles used for the definition of the basic elements of the present machine;

FIGURE 2 is a plan view of the machine rotor;

FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of said rotor;

FIGURE 4 is a plan view of the machine stator;

FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of said stator;

FIGURES 6 to 8 show the assembly of a stator and rotor in three different angular positions of these two members; and

FIGURE 9 is a vertical section through the volumetric machine.

The volumetric machine disclosed by my present invention comprises a stator 1 and a rotor 2, each formed of a body that consists of a portion of a similar sphere of which the center O is the point of intersection of the generating lines of said two members which in combination with a spherical casing (not shown) define three spaces of which the volume varies continually with the relative rotary motion of the member 2. The conic vertices are identical with their axis.

Rotor 2 is in contact with stator 1 through the three equally spaced axes 2a, 2b and 2c of equal length which include an equal angle with the common axis W.

In the center of FIGURE 1 and designated by the arrow A is S the Vertical great circle of the sphere in 3,464,361 Patented Sept. 2, 1969 ice which the rotor and stator (are shown), O is the center of said sphere, r is a vector representing one of said axes 2a, 2b or 2c and forming the angle of rotation with said axis W, Z is the axis of symmetry of stator 1 and at the same time the axis of precession of rotor 2 which forms an angle a with the axis W. Rotor 2 is driven on one hand about itself with a rotary speed w and on the other hand in precession about axis Z at a speed 0.

The portion B of FIGURE l, however, shows the operation of turning down the plane B'B at right angles to axis W, and on which moves the tip of vector r. In said portion B, w is the angle of displacement of vector r in relation to the axis of reference thereof.

The portion C of FIGURE 1 shows the operation of turning down the equatorial plane of sphere S. In this portion the angle of displacement of vector r with respect to an axis of reference X is x.

For the purpose of obtaining a circular motion of axis W about axis Z, angle d has to remain constant.

As mentioned above, the surface of stator 1 which is contacted by the three axes 2a, 2b and 2c, is formed by the plane generated by these axes during the movement of the rotor, i.e. by the vector r of which the starting point forms the center O of the sphere.

The position of vector r in the course of its movement may be calculated by ascertaining how the angle e varies between the equatorial plane of sphere S and vector r, and the angle x between stationary axis X and the projection of vector r on to said equatorial plane.

Under the assumption that the stator surface comprises n corrugations or intervals, n being an integer greater than one, the rotor for the purpose of attaining variable volume `spaces between the two members comprises n|1 vertices. In the special case shown, n is equal to two for the stator, and n+1 is equal to three for the rotor.

'In order that the n+1 vertices of the 4rotor continually stay in contact with the stator in its movement about axis W at any angular position of the rotor in relation to axis Z or in relation to itself, the relation of the angular velocities w and 0 has to correspond to the following formulas:

l n+1 By integrating this equation is obtained:

TL wn-I- 149+ C By putting C=0 for vector r in its minimum position (e=minimum) in the relation to axis Z when 0=0, there is obtained:

quired:

To such end the projections of vector r in function of a and (which are contsants for a circular motion) and of an x on to the axes Z and X, are equated.

On the axis Z is obtained:

rsin e=rcos -cos rx-r'sin 5-cos sin a n-ll and from that On the axis X is otbained:

L n-l- 1 lr cos e cos x=r cos sin mcos @+r-sin cos and from that:

cos :c:

n cos 'sm aeos 0+s1n eos (WH0) cos a-cos 0 COS 6 From these values of sin e and cos x may be calculated the functions:

E"-.`f1(l9) and aSSlSW-ot The locus of all the points drawn by the tip of vector r which corresponds to the three axes 2a to 2c, serves as drectrix for the generating lines issuing from the center and conning the contact surface of stator 1 shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 4 shows the stator in plan.

Said surface has a profile of which the exterior rim is corrugated and forms two corrugations. The preparation of the latter depends on the radial dimensions of the cone of the rotor vertices. Thus for great radii of the cone, the surface envelope of the stator may be made with the aid of a milling cutter, while small radii, where a milling cutter cannot -be used, are worked by means of a pointed chisel by turning the stator on a swinging or swiveling plate. In a revolution of the latter, the number of swinging movements corresponds to the number of corrugations, said movements being produced by the counter-rotation of an articulated arm.

As example may be mentioned a swinging tool holder which receives its oscillating movements through the swinging plate in the center of which it is secured, its pivot in the center of the swinging movement comprising a link of vertical axis whereby are transmitted solely the vertical swiveling movements. Should the latter be insufficient, they may be multiplied with the coefficient m wherein:

mv is a value that varies with the angular position of the rotor and the number of stator corrugations.

The entire tool holder unit, of which one end is secured horizontally on the swinging plate and the other to a fixed pivot, amplies through gearing units the swinging movement of the tool. The rotary holder of the latter is adjustable for the purpose of setting the cone angle and slidable for the purpose of working the exterior face.

The partial rotor surfaces a2, b2 and c2 which for the time being are located between two of the axes 2a, to 2c and of which the curvature is shown in FIG. 3, are connected with the stator.

The profile of these partial surfaces corresponds to a far-reaching degree to one of the two most outstanding portions of the stator surface which sweeps each of these partial surfaces n-times, while the rotor executes n+1 revolutions of its precession movement about axis Z. During each cycle of (n+1):n precession revolutions, the volume of each space once attains a minimum followed by a maximum.

It has to be mentioned yet that, preferably but not unconditionally, each partial surface a2, b2 and c2 enters into Contact with the directrix that is equally spaced from the axes 2a, 2b and 2c and defines the segment at any one time, while the defined volume represents a minimum.

The angular motion of the rotor about its axis of precession from the minimum volume of one of the spaces to its maximum volume, corresponds to FIG. 6 shows a unit comprising a rotor and a stator in which one volume space is practically zero and the other two are of equal volume. In FIG. 7 the rotor with respect to the stator is displaced counterclockwise, and it may be seen that the volume of the space which in FIG. 6 was practically zero, has grown to the maximum value (FIG. 8).

In practice, the two opposite surfaces of rotor and stator do not extend to the center of the sphere which delmits its exterior reach. FIG. 9 shows a volumetric machine in form of an internal combustion engine. In this figure, as before the motor stator is designated by 1 and the rotor by 2, while 3 is the casing in which the rotor rotates and which forms a unit with the stator. The stator 1 in its central portion comprises a spherical sector 1a which represents the joint on which the rotor moves, sealing between the rotor and this joint being effected by the gaskets 2d and 2e, while sealing between this same rotor and the casing 3 is effected by the gaskets 2f and 2g.

Rotor 2 by means of a flange 4 is secured to a socket piece or stud S which in turn is pivoted via a bearing 6 to a boss or hub 7 that is splined to the shaft 8. Stud 5 otherwise by means of a bearing 8a is pivotable about shaft 8. As shown in the drawing, the right-hand end of shaft 8 is driven into a seat that is formed by a cylindrical part 9 which is pvotally mounted in a fitting 10. The latter comprises a stud 11 secured to the flange 12 to which is secured stator 1.

On part 9 and coaxially therewith is mounted a disk 13 that has a toothed rim, through which the power generated by the volumetric machine is transmitted on to the driven elements.

Stud 5 carries an annular member 14 that meshes with a rim gear 15 and is pivoted to an axle seat provided on the member 16 by means of an annular fitting 17. Member 16 is secured to hub 7, and fitting 17 is co-axial to said hub. Hub 7 on its left-hand end comprises an axle 7a to which is pivoted a stud 18 in a fitting 19. Stud 18 on one hand carries a pulley 20 in the spline of which is engaged the belt for the fuel feed pump or the ventilator, and on the other hand a cam disk 21 for the periodic ignition of a spark plug provided on the machine, and shown by dash lines 22.

The axes of symmetry of cylindrical part 9 and shaft 8 intersect and form the angle a corresponding to the angle of FIG. l, the axis of part 9 corresponding to axis Z, and the axis of shaft 8 corresponding to axis W of FIG. l. It may be mentioned yet that the axis of part 9 and that of stub shaft 7a are co-axial.

On the left-hand front, hub 7 carries a stub shaft 7a to which is pivoted a gearing unit 23 in engagement with the above-mentioned internal rim gear 15 and having a pitch circle that corresponds to 2/3 of the pitch circle of the rim gear.

The axis of stub shaft 7a, provided with a soft-metal lining 24 or with a ball-bearing, is eccentric with respect to the axis of hub 7 but parallel thereto.

The gearing unit 23 on its left front carries a conical roundtooth assembly 25 in mesh with a tooth system 26 that is not rotatable and comprises a member 27 in the opening of which is disposed the tting 19.

The axis of gearing unit 23 is parallel to the axis of inclination of shaft 8. The axis of rim gear 26, however, is identical with that of stub shaft 7a.

When member 9 is rotated, hub 7 revolves about the axis thereof and that of stub shaft 7a in such manner that gearing unit 23 through all of its teeth meshes with gearing unit 26, however without revolving about stub shaft 7a to which it is secured, as such revolution is prevented by gearing unit 26. Rotation of hub 7 about the axis of precession causes, however, at the same time a corresponding dislocation of stud 5 and of rotor 2 to which stud 5 is connected, and of rim gear 15. The latter, however, meshes with gear 23 which executes a slight planetary movement about the axis of hub 7. Since rim gear 15 by virtue of the bearings 17, 6 and 8a can rotate about itself and therefore about the axis of hub 7, rim gear 15| is given a pivotal movement by gear 23 as soon as hub 7 is in precession. Rotor 2, therefore, not only is driven by a precession but also rotates about itself.

This proof or reasoning which takes place under the assumption of a rotary drive of member 9, also holds true when assuming that the drive takes place through explosions in the volume spaces.

The sealing from space to space to space are, of course, positioned in the vicinity of the rotor vertices and under certain conditions may form these vertices.

The volumetric machine shown and described may, of course, represent also a. compressor or a pump, it being assumed that rotor 2 then is driven via gear disk 13 through an external source of energy. Such a machine also could be used as turbine by feeding the volume spaces between rotor and stator with a fluid under a proper pressure.

The machine shown and described also may be realized by having two rotors coact with a single stator. In such a case each of the two rotors is given a precession. The two rotors then are positioned on either side of the stator, and all of the three members can be tted or housed in a single sphere.

It also could be possible to realize a machine in which one rotor coacts simultaneously with two opposite stators, that volume of the space which is a maximum on one side of the first stator, being at the same time a minimum on the respective side of the second stator.

It may be mentioned yet that the number of vertices on a rotor may be greater than mentioned above.

I claim:

1. A volume machine, comprising:

(a) a casing having a smooth inner surface;

(b) a rotating member disposed within said casing having a central face which denes a plurality of recessed volume spaces generated by a cone sector with the surface lines and axis all directed to a cornmon central point and forming equal trihedral angles with the axis of symmetry which passes through said common point;

(c) the high points of said curve defining vertices which extend radially outward from said common point;

(d) a second stationary member within said housing having a surface which faces said central face of said rotating member and has a contacting surface on which said vertices are in continual sliding contact;

(e) means for rotating said rotating member and axially moving it with respect to said stationary member; and

(f) the said contacting surface of said second stationary member having high and low sections to permit said radially extending vertices of said rotatmember to remain in continual contact therewith during rotation and precession. 2. A volumetric machine, as set forth in claim 1, 5 wherein:

(a) said casing has a spherical inner surface; and

(b) each of said members is formed by a portion of an equal sphere in which the center is the common point of said vertices.

3. A volumetric machine, as set forth in claim 1,

wherein:

(a) the ratio of the rotary speed of precession to the rotary speed is equal to the number of vertices plus 1 divided by the number of vertices wherein the number of vertices are greater than 1.

4. A volumetric machine, as set forth in claim 1,

wherein:

(a) the rotor vertices are provided with seals.

5. A volumetric machine, as set forth in claim 1,

wherein:

(a) said movable member is mounted on a shaft coaxial with the axis of symmetry and carries a rim gear coaxial with said shaft and in mesh with a gear secured to the shaft;

(b) said rim gear being swung through an arc into an eccentric position;

(c) the gear ratio between said gear on said shaft and said rim gear being equal to the number of vertices plus l divided by the number of vertices;

(d) said shaft being mounted on at least one carrier pivotal on an axis coaxial with the axis of precession, wherein when said member is driven in precession, said carrier will be turned.

6. A volumetric machine, as set forth in claim 1,

r wherein:

(a) inlet and outlet openings for the uid supplied to said volume spaces are disposed in said stationary member.

7. A volumetric machine, as set forth in claim 1,

wherein:

(a) the inlet and outlet openings for the fl-uid supplied to the volume spaces between said opposed faces are disposed in said casing.

8. A volumetric machine, as set forth in claim 1,

wherein:

(a) the geometric locus of all the points described by the tip of the vector r, in correspondence with the axes represents the contact surface of the member; and

(b) said vertices move and correspond to the following condition:

Sin e=eos -cos a-sin -sin orcos and 9. A volumetric machine, as set forth in claim 3,

two opposite stationary members; and

7 (b) all the three members are tted within a casing having a spherical inner surface.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 683,406 9/1901 Jaeger 91-58 2,501,998 3/1950 Dutrey 103-117 2,582,413 1/1952 Clark 103--127 8 2,896,590 7/1959 Bush et al. 91-58 3,236,186 2/1966 Wildhaber 103-117 FOREIGN PATENTS 197,951 5/1958 Austria.

DONLEY I STOCKING, Primary Examiner W. I. GOODLIN, Assistant Examiner

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