US346152A - Meeeitt gally - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet 1. M. GALLY.

MECHANICAL MUSIGAL INSTRUMENT.

(No Model.)

No. 346,152. Patented July 27, 1886.

Inventor.

N PETERS. Pme-Lnhugmphcr, washingnn. D. C.

2. Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

M. GALLY.

MECHANICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

NC. 346,152. Patented July 27, 1886.

///// /lll rf/IIIA? lf/ l /////A Witnesses:

Inventor.

N, PETERS. Phow-Llhngmpmr. www non D c IUNITED STATES PATENT OEEicE.

MERRITT GALLY, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

MECHANICAL MUSICAL Application filed Api-i123, i885.

INSTRUMENT.

7 ECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 346,152, dated July 27, 1826.

Serial No. 163,190. (No model.)

T0 all whom, 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, lllmmi'rr GALLY, residing at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Musical Instruments, of which thel'ollowing is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side view, partly sectional, of the interior of an organ, showing the devices of the invention in working position. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of modifications of one ofthe reed-tubes ol' Fig. l.. isa sectional view of modiiications of key-action. Fig. Ll shows views, in perspective and section, ofthe bellowsvalve. Fig. 5 is a side view of modilication of pneumatic level'. Fig. G is a rear View, partly sectional, of reed-chest, valve-board, and pneumatic action. Fig. 7 is a plan View ofthe music-sheet and motor. Figs. 7" and 7 are details,-and Fig. S is a side view, partly sectional, ol. music-sheet motor and its metronomeadj ustc r.

The organ represented in the drawings is constructed so that it may be operated either manually or mechanically, or manually and mechanically in combination.

The groovcd board M, l, forms the base ofthe action, thegroovcs of which connect through tubes j with the tracker-range L, which operates vin connection with a perforated music-sheet, V. rlhe grooves of board M also lead to valves @,wl 'ch are operated by means ol` .finger-keys G. Passing transversely across the groved board M are a number of narrow supplemental grooved boards, z, which taken together secure in a small space a large amount of surface for the attachment of diaphragms for pneumatic motors for operating the two lines of reed-valves b b. Pneumatic diaphragms are attached to bot-h sides of the supplemental grooved boards z. Each supplemental grooved board has, therefore, two lines ot' diaphragm pneumatics-those on one side operating one set of valve-levers and those on the opposite side operating another set of valve-levers, as shown. Four supplemental grooved boards are shown in Fig. l, allowing the diaphragm ofthe pneumaties to bein diameter equal to the width of space occupied by four reed-valves, thus making thepneumatics suflicientlylarge to be of considerable power. A greater or less number ot' supplemental grooved boards may be used, making the pneumatics,largcr or smaller, according to the amount of power required to operate the valves. The lines of levers d fldfd operate the line of valves Z1, and the lines ot' levers m m m2 m operate the line of valves b. Fig. G Shows the arrangement of several lines of pneumatics, lapping each other successively the width of a valve. The levers m fm/ m2 m3 are attached by means of draw-wires to valvesV b', and are also provided with push wires, which operate the external vent-valves, ci. The line of vent-valves cz are employed to operate, through tubes or grooves, the l inc of p ncumatics N, which conneetwith aline of reed-valves, 1l?.

The reed-cells Il I Q are attached, in ordinary manner, to their valve-boards. .lhc cells D' D/ are placed at right-angles to their valveboard, and have supplemental cells D? IY, through which the air passes from the reeds, and which are opened and closed by means of reed-valves b. The supplemental cells D: l)2 open directly into the air-chest A. The reedcells II are of peculiar construction, and produce a tone from the reed very closcl y imitating that of a finte. On thc outside of the wall ot' the cell,opposite the rced,is a supplemental chamber, an opening, r, being made through the wall of the cell into the chamber. ly means of this construction the character of tone produced by the vibrating air is entirely different from that of a reed in an ordinary cell. I also produce a peculiar quality ottone by mal:- ing the reed-cell somewhat longer than ordinary, and making the part near the mouth larger than the remaining portion of the cell, as I. rlwo modifications of this constuction are shown in Fig. 2. rlhe cell I has a small opening, o, from the smaller part ot' the cell tothe external air. The cell I has a small opening, o, through the wall of its larger part to the external air.

Figs. 3 shows a modiiication of the ingerkey action, the tinger-keys G operating two lines of push-pins-one operating the pneumatic valve c, and the other directly connecting with a line of reed-valves, l.

Fig. 4 shows the peculiar construction of the valves .I of the exhansters of the bellows.

A number ofholes are made in the beard S, prefrably in a circle. A piece of valve-leather, h, is placed over these holes. The central part/ofthe leather is then made fast to the board of sufficient area to govern and hold in position the entire piece. A piece of wood or other suitable material, J, is placed so that the central portion holds the leather fast to the board, the outer rim being a little removed from the leather and forming a check for the movement of the margin of the leather. Jrepresents the valve-check, the central portion of which forms a stud, which is driven into a central hole in the valve-board, lstopped by a shoulder which forms the binding part for holding the leather in position. Jzis a modiication of the valve-check, held to the valve-l board by means of a central screw. The valve thus constructed may present a very large amount of valve-surface and windway, and at the same time have very little iiap, and no tendency to crumple or get ont of place.

Fig. 5 shows a modification of the pneumatic levers of Fig. l, the fulcrum of the lever being placed between the pneumatic motor and the pull-wire. This construction is desirable when considerable power is required to operate the valves b.

In Fig. 6 a portion of the reed-board is shown in section, to expose the reed-cells. The iigure is broken in order to show the two extremes of the reed-board. The part on the left hand shows two distinct sets of reeds of ordinary width, the two being operated by means of one line of valves. Below are shown three styles of reeds, all having ordinary width reed-blocks, any or all of which styles are applicable to the cells. The reed-board terminates at the right of the break with two lines of cells,having oniy one set of reeds, the cells alternating in position. This alternation is to accommodate the branching tongued reeds at the base end of the scale, where the reeds, beinglarge, are necessarily wider than ordinary blocks. The pneumatic action, however, not necessarily corresponding in measurement with the manual, allows the regular order without alteration, it" desired.

Fig. 7 is a plan view ofthe music-sheet motor, and Fig. 8 is a side view of same, partly sectional,showing metronome-valve and valves for finger-keys. To produce the motive power for drivingl the take-up roller E, I use a fanwheel inclosed in the drum C, which wheel is revolved by 1 means of the exhaust through tube T, which leads to the exhaust air-chest of the instrument. Such a motor has seemed heretofore impracticable, on account of the variable tension produced by the exhaust-bellows, and the consequent diiiiulty of producing regular time. I overcome all such diiiieulties by the construction shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Under the windewheel C, Fig. 8, are shown two chambers, through which -the exhaust-air passes from the wheel tothe windchest of the instrument. -Upon the cover of the upper chamber is a metronome-scale, arranged upon an arc, and an adjustable pointer pivoted. to an upright shaft,passing downward to the lower chamber, where it is attached to a valve, a', which opens and closes (more or less) a port leading from .the Yupper to the lower chamber. The exhaust-tubeT connects with the lower chamber, and the drum of the wind-wheel connects with the upper chamber.

The valve between the chambers would deterl I use a compensating friction device which is under control of the exhaust, and acts as ra counterpoise between the force required The pinion of the and the power applied. wind-wheel connects with a wheel on the This drivingshaft gears to 0n the end driving-shaft u. and drives the take-up roller E.

of the driving-shaft is a friction-disk, X, and

pressing against this disk is a counterl frictiondisk, which connects the lever g. The lever g is operated by means of a pneumatic, e, which is connected by a tube to the exhaustchamber of the instrument. The friction dcvice X acts as a retard i against the power of the wind-wheel, and regulates its velocity. The lever g is made adjustable by means of a sliding adjustable fulcrum, z', as shown.

To adj ust the apparatus, the pointer a of the metronome is set for any given time, and the wheel revolved by means of the exhaust. The lever g is then adjusted until its leverage upon the friction device, with the power applied by pneumatic e3, brings the speed of the .windwheel to the proper time. Now, however vari' able the tension of the exhaust may be the time of the motor will not change, for if the air-tension increases and tends to increase the speed of the wind-wheel the same increase of air-tension proportionately increases the retarding friction at X, and if the'air-tension is diminished, tending to diminish the speed of the wind-wheel, the friction is proportionately diminished by a proportionate decrease in power of pneumatic c3, applied to lever g. lIt is now only necessary to so shape the port of Valve a that the valve shall produce the proper opening, when set by the pointer a, for the several degrees of the scale, andthe metronome device is accurately operative under all variationsin the exhaust. The bellowspedals ofthe organ can now be operated rap idly or slowly, and themusic rendered powerfully with high tension or softly with low tension, as desired, without disturbing the time of the music-sheet motor.

' Another pneumatic friction-retarding device, c2, similar to that already described, is shown in Fig. 7, connected with the journal of the delivery-roll F. This regulates the friction which is applied to hold the musicsheet taut, so that it shall also be proportionate to the air-tension and not disturb the regularity ofthe time. This may be used without the device ci", g, if desired, answering a double purpose, both as the music-sheet holdback and the retarding regulating-friction of the motor.

For playing long pieces of music, the musicsheet roll is of such size that its diameter is so much changed as the unrolling progresses that there is a perccptable change in the power required for enrolling and taking up on the take-up roller. ln order that this shall not affect the regularity of the time of the motor, l apply a compensating friction to the surface of one of the rolls or to some other point of the apparatus which is affected bythe change in size ofthe roll. In Fig. T a spring, s", hav` ing attached to it a presser, which bears against the surface of the roll of music, is shown for this purpose. A side view is shown in Fig. 7". As the roll diminishes in size, the pressure of the spring diminishes, which compeusates for the greater power required to unwind the roll.

For the greatest accuracy, when desirable,

instead of' applying the sp ring-pressure, l produce a change in the power of the holdbaek device et' n, which will correspond with the change in the diameter of' the roll of music. This f do by substituting for the spring and presser s a lever, which is applied either to shift the fulcrum of lever a. or to operate a small vent-valve connecting with pneumatic The application of lever aud vent-valve is shown in llig. 7". The vent-tube Z* leads to the pneumatic et'.

Above the rear ends of the manual key-levers is a table extending f'rom end to end of the manual key-board, and attached firmly to the ease ofthe instrument. This table forms the base upon which are arranged the motor-controlling keys l. 2 and expression-keys Ll 5 as shown in Fig. 7. .ihrough an opening` in this table, projecting upward, is the pneumatic tracker-range7 or tubular rest, upon which the music-sheet travels to mechanically operate the instrument. This tracker-range is attached to the instrument or to the table, and irmly fixed in position.

In order that the music-sheet may not run crookedly, and may properly pass from one roller to the other, it is necessary that the tracker-range or tubular rest, over which the music-sheettravels, and both rollers be in perfeet parallelism.

It is very difficult to make the adjustment on the table of the instrument. I therefore attach the supportiiig-bearings for the rollers to a base only sufficiently large to receive them,

u and on this base carefully adjust and line the rollers away from the instrument. Through this base is an opening somewhat larger than the pneumatic tracker-range, so that the base can be placed on the table and surround the tracker-range, and be sufficiently movable to bring all theparts in line. This base is held to the table with screws, and the holes for the screws through the base are made larger in diameter than the screws and washers placed under thesereuheads, to allow for adjustment ofthe base. lilith this construction a new adjustmcnt maybe made at any time to compensate for warping, shrinkage, or swelling` of any part affecting the movement oft-hc musicsheet.

The music-sheet motor, as thus far described, is constructed to produce invariable metronome time, as .indicated by the pointer a of the metronome lt. lt is desirable to be able to vary this time at will for accelerando, ralperformer, which may differ Yfrom the arrangement in the music-sheet. For this purpose l usethelinger-keysl. Theseoperatevalves a3 a, as shown in Fig. S. The valve a" is a tip-valve, and serves to close the port of the metronome-valve c for producing a hold, as when its key is fully depressed it cuts the exhaust instantly off from the motor-wheel. lf slowly and partially depressed, a rallentando is produced. The valvestc open portsof'difl'erent sizes from the upper into the lower chamber, and produce an accelerated movement, one greater than the other when fully depressed. Xv'hen depressed gradually,the movenient is gradually accelerated. ly different combinations of the three keys six accurate and sudden changes maybe produced. By the addition of one or two more keys a much greater number of combinations may be made, it' desired; but three keys are found to be practically sufficient.

The keys -ft 5 5 i at the right ofthe musicsheet, liig. 7, connect with the expressionpneumatics ofthe instrument.

l do not herein claim the combination with the bellows of the pneumatic motor and the sheet-winding devices, the same being contained in my application filed October 24,1885. Serial No. 180,845.

llfhat l claim as my invention, is*

l. rlShe combination,with the operatiiig-keys er tracker-range, of a grooved board forming the base of the action and two or more supplemental grooved boards attached thereto, contained within the valve-chamberof the organ, the several supplemental grooved boards provided with pneumatic motors connected with and for operating the vulves of the sounding devices.

2. The combination,with the operati iig-keys or music-sheet tracker-range and a main grooved board, of two or more supplemental grooved boards attached to the main board contained within the air-chamber of the organ, pneumatic diaphragmsin connection with the grooves, and levers operated thereby, connected with and workingthc valves of the sounding devices.

lentando, or hold, according to the taste of the y 3. Pneumatic motors connected with and to operate valves of sounding devices, and also constructed and 4arranged to operate pneumatic valves for controlling supplemental pneumatic motors for working the valves of additional sounding devices.

4. The pneumatic action consisting of an air-chest with a grooved board or grooved boards contained therein, the groov ed board or boards having pneumatic motors attached to both sides thereof.

5. The pneumatic action -consisting of an` 7. The combination, with an organ-reed, of

a reed-cell fora single reed, the cavity having two parts, the outer part larger in diameter than the other, substantially as and for the purpose specitied.

8. The reed-cell for a single reed formed of two parts, one of greater diameter than the other, one of the parts having an orifice at a distance from the mouth of the cell opening through its wall to the external air.

9. The combination, with the take-up rol-ler for the music-sheet, of a wind-wheel inelosed in a drum or chest and operated by means of the exhaust of the organ.

10. The combination,with the take-up roller for the music-sheet, of a wind-motor having valves for controlling its motion and fingerkeys for operating the valves.

11. The combinatiomwith the take-up roller for the music-sheet and a wind-motor there for, of an adjustable valve for the movement of the motor and an additional valve for closing the port to produce a temporary hold7 in the music.

12. The combination,with the take-up roller for the music-sheet and a wind-motor therefor, of a group of finger-keys for varying the movement of the motor, substantially as specifled.

13. The combination,with thetake-up roller for the music-sheet and a wind-motor therefor operated by means of a bellows, of a compensating pneumatic governing device opervated by means of the air of the same bellows,

and constructed to regulate the movement of the motor under variable air-tension by producing a compensation between the applied force and the required power.

14. The combination,with the take-up rollerof retarding friction.

16. The combination,witl1 the delivery-,roller for the music-sheet or music-sheet spool,of aV pneumatic and a retarding or holding-back friction device.

17. The combination, with the delivery-roller for the music-sheet or music-sheet roll, of a "holdback device constructed to change its holding backtension in proportion to the change of the size of the roll to compensate dfor the changes-in the amount of power re- Aquired to unwind the roll.

18. The combination, with the music-sheet and delivery roller or spool therefor, of the self-adjusting spring-friction device, construct-- ed and arranged to change the tension according to the change in size of the roll of music.

19. The combination, 'with the music-sheet and delivery roller or spool tl1erefor,of apneumatic holdback device and a valve for the pneumatic,which valve is operated by means of a device having surface-contact with the roll of music for changing the tension of the pneumaticin proportion to the decrease in the size of the unwinding-roll.

20. The combination, with the pneumatic holdback device and regulating-valve therefor, of operating mechanism having surfacecontact with the roll of music,and havingpro- -portionate movement to the decrease in diam eter of the unwinding roll of music.

-21. -The combination, with themusic-sheet rollers and theirsupporting-bearings, of a basep the whole forming a rolling apparatus removable from the instrument, and adjustable on the instrument relatively to the seat on which the music-sheet rests,substantially as specite In testimony whereof I aftix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MERRTT GALLY. Witnesses:

Roer. A. GALLY,

A. HEWIrIr.

IOO

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