US3455075A - Modular building unit - Google Patents

Modular building unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3455075A
US3455075A US635001A US3455075DA US3455075A US 3455075 A US3455075 A US 3455075A US 635001 A US635001 A US 635001A US 3455075D A US3455075D A US 3455075DA US 3455075 A US3455075 A US 3455075A
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floor
building
panels
components
modular
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Expired - Lifetime
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US635001A
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Christian Frey
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
    • E04B1/3404—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability supported by masts or tower-like structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form

Definitions

  • a prefabricated modular building component for square building units having the shape of a right parallelepiped in which the long sides are twice the length of the short sides and the component includes as its only structural elements rectangular floor and ceiling panels and a wall panel which is rigidly connected to the floor and ceiling panels along one-half of the length of the long sides of the fioor and ceiling panels.
  • the modular components fit together with each other to form building units of indeterminate horizontal length, and the components are mounted in spaced apart positions on vertical columns with two components forming three floor levels of the building.
  • the long sides may be other than twice the length of the short sides for rectangular building units.
  • a prefabricated modular building component which contains prefabricated floor, ceiling, and wall panels rigidly connected together in one structural unit. These panels are connected in a particular configuration which permits multiple modular components to be mounted together in horizontal and vertical arrays.
  • the component has rectangular floor and ceiling panels with long and short sides with the long sides twice as long as the short sides.
  • the modular units have a single structural Wall panel connecting the floor and ceiling panels.
  • the wall panel is a vertical structural support means which may be a continuous closed structure covering one-half of the long sides of the other panels or it may be an open framework which provides access openings through it.
  • the modular units are divided into two groups with different long and short side dimensions and the width of the wall panels on the modules of each group is equal to the length of the long sides of the modules of that group minus the length of the short sides of the modules of the other group.
  • the modular units are assembled together to form a square array of four units with a square opening in the center of the array with the four wall panels positioned along the sides of the central square opening, and a rectangular array of four units has a rectangular core.
  • the vertical structural columns of the building and the service facilities for various floor levels of the building may extend through the central opening in the square array, and two adjacent square arrays of the modular units may be mounted at two vertical positions on a column which are spaced apart by a floor level of the building so that the ceiling panel of a lower modular unit also forms a floor panel for a second floor level while the floor panel of the upper modular unit defines the ceiling of the second floor level.
  • the array of four modular units is open at its periphery so that two arrays may be mounted adjacent to each other side by side and together provide a communicated building space which is twice the Width of the module. Since each array of four modules is square, an indefinite number of the square arrays of modules may be mounted side by side in both horizontal directions to make up a building of any desired plan area. Additionally, where the modular units are used in the building of a high rise structure, the load supporting columns for the modular units pass through the open square area in the middle of the array of four units, and an indefinite number of the units may be attached to the column to provide a building of any desired height. Since the modular units in such a vertical array are separately attached to the supporting column, the individual modular units do not carry the weight of units above them so that modular units used at the base of a high rise building may be identical to modular units used at the top of the building.
  • each square array of four modular units is 30 feet square with a 10 feet square opening in the center along which the vertical wall panels extend.
  • Two of the square arrays may be mounted side by side and provide an occupiable space at each end of the building which is 10 to 30 feet and may be subdivided in any desired manner, and the adjacent areas of the two square arrays contains an occupiable space of 20 by 30 feet which may be subdivided in any desired manner.
  • the individual rectangular modular units are provided with only the one structural wall panel so that the units may be positioned adjacent to each other and provide communicating occupiable spaces which extend from one modular unit into another.
  • the edges of the modular units which define the periphery of the building may be provided with any convenient closure structure for instance in the manner in which curtain walls are now provided on high rise buildings.
  • the modular units of this invention may be constructed of a wide variety of materials such as wood, concrete, steel, metals, plastics, etc., and conventional techniques such as prestressing, poststressing, skinstressing, stamping, extrusion, and the like may also be employed. Additional features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description read in conjunction with the attached drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a view in side elevation of a prefabricated modular unit constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view in end elevation of the modular unit of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the modular unit of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a floor plan of a building made from 16 of the modular units of FIGS. 1-3;
  • FIG. 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view through four prefabricated panels which may be used to form a tower supporting the modules of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the structure of FIG. 5 taken along the plane indicated at 66 in FIG. 5',
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the structure of FIGS. 5 and 6, and;
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical schematic view of a six story building constructed of the modules of FIGS. 1 and 5.
  • the modular unit shown in FIGS. l-3 comprises a pair of vertical beams 10 which are welded to a pair of upper beams 12 and a pair of lower beams 14.
  • the beams 14 are connected to a floor panel 16 and are interconnected by additional beams 18.
  • the beams 12 are connected to a ceiling panel 20, and additional beams 22 are connected to the beams 12 and the ceiling panel.
  • the beams 10 define a wall panel and may be covered with paneling material if desired, and the wall panel rigidly connects the floor and ceiling panel 16 and supporting the ceiling panel 20 in cantilevered position over the floor panel 16.
  • the floor panels and ceiling panels have a rectangular shape with short sides having a length L and long sides having a length 2L, and the wall panel formed by the beams 10 has a length L and is positioned at one end of the long sides of the floor and ceiling panels.
  • the wall panel formed of the beams 10 occupies a full onehalf of the length of the long side of the floor panel, but where desired, the modular unit may be built with a wall panel having a width somewhat less than one-half of the length of the long side of the floor panels where for instance it may be desirable to make the wall panel shorter than one-half of the length of the long sides of the floor panel by a distance equal to the thickness of the wall panel to facilitate nesting of the Wall panels of adjacent modular units.
  • each of the modular units 24, 26, 28 and 30 are arranged together in a square configuration which has a square opening 32 at its center.
  • Each of the modular units 24-30 is mounted in such a position that its wall panel extends along the edge of the center square opening 32.
  • Four additional modular units 34 are arranged in a second square configuration adjacent to the first, and modular units 36 and 38 form two additional square configurations adjacent to the first two.
  • the modular units 34, 36 and 38 are positioned in actual engagement with the edges of the modular units 2430 to provide building spaces extending continuously from one module to the next with no structural separation.
  • the free edges of floor and ceiling panels of adjacent modules are connected together by connectors 42, and preferably the panels of adjacent modules may be jointly poststressed so that the assembled modules in the ultimate building have strengths for supporting live loads which greatly exceed the dead load strength of the individual modules as fabricated.
  • structural elements 44 may be provided in the square openings in the centers of each of the square arrays of modular units to provide structural support for the Wall panels of the individual modular units where for instance it may be desirable to mount the modular units in a vertical array for a multi-story building.
  • the structural support employed in the square opening of a four module array may take the form of four reinforced. concrete panels 46, 48, and 52 arranged in a square configuration.
  • the panels may be connected to each other by any suitable means, and they are preferably provided with male and female dove tail portions 54 and 56 on their ends by which multiple groups of the structures of FIG. 7 may be stacked one upon the other as illustrated in FIG. 8. Where a tower is formed of the components of FIG. 7 in this way,
  • any suitable connecting means may be provided between the components for maintaining structural rigidity of the tower as for instance tension cables 58.
  • a first unit 60 similar to that shown in FIG. 7 may be mounted on a foundation and then additional units 62, 64, 66, 68 and 70, similar to the unit 60 may be mounted on top of the unit 60.
  • Four of the modular units of FIG. I, mounted in one of the square configurations of FIG. 4, are then attached to each of the column units 62, 66 and 70 by any suitable means such as bolts 69 to provide a six story building as illustrated in FIG. 8, and enclosing exterior walls 71 are attached to the floor panels by any conventional technique as mentioned above to enclose the occupiable' areas between adjacent floor panels.
  • the building modular units of FIGS. 1-3 may be mounted on other conveniently fabricated towers such as reinforced concrete towers formed with slipform techniques, and preferably the modular units of FIGS. l-3 have service facilities such as plumbing and Wiring built into the floor, wall and ceiling panels for directing connection by standard fittings to service facilities in additional modules and in the towers on which the modules may be supported.
  • service facilities such as plumbing and Wiring built into the floor, wall and ceiling panels for directing connection by standard fittings to service facilities in additional modules and in the towers on which the modules may be supported.
  • a modular building component comprising:
  • said plurality of modular components being divided into two groups of modules with all of the modules in each group having equal long and short sides and with the vertical structural support means in the modules of each group having a width equal to the length of the long sides of the modules of that group minus the length of the short sides of the modules of the other group.
  • each of said floor slabs forms a floor and a ceiling with an occupiable floor level located between said first and second components.
  • a building comprising:
  • (C) means mounting said building components on said tower at different locations on said tower.
  • a building comprising:
  • -(A) a substantially vertical tower mounted on the ground and having a plurality of floor levels thereof;
  • an upper floor panel mounted on said verterical structural support means extending laterally therefrom in cantilever relation thereto and positioned above said lower floor panel by a distance equal to the distance between the adjacent floor levels of said tower;
  • (C) means mounting a first group of said building components on said tower with said vertical structural support means of said components adjacent to said tower and with said lower floor panels of said components adjacent to each other whereby said first group of components provide upper and lower floor structures which extend around said tower at two adjacent fioor levels of said tower;
  • (D) means mounting a second group of said building components on said tower with said vertical structural support means thereof adjacent to said tower and with said lower floor panels of said second group of components adjacent to each other and located one floor level above the upper floor panels of said first group of building components.
  • FRANK L. ABBOTT Primary Examiner S. D. BURKE, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 52-79, 439, 604, 606, 609, 745

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
US635001A 1967-05-01 1967-05-01 Modular building unit Expired - Lifetime US3455075A (en)

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US63500167A 1967-05-01 1967-05-01
GB2432569 1969-05-13

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3678637A (en) * 1970-02-17 1972-07-25 Arthur Klipfel Building construction system
US3694977A (en) * 1970-09-01 1972-10-03 Marvin Verman Modular row housing
US3729875A (en) * 1970-12-17 1973-05-01 R Felson Prefabricated building
US3738069A (en) * 1970-09-18 1973-06-12 Anthropos Inc Modular building construction
US3755973A (en) * 1971-09-14 1973-09-04 T Rader Modular building system
US3818654A (en) * 1970-01-19 1974-06-25 R Schramm Modular building structure with horizontal vierendeel truss
US3871146A (en) * 1972-07-28 1975-03-18 Trebron Holdings Ltd Constant module system
US3984950A (en) * 1971-12-16 1976-10-12 Rudkin-Wiley Corporation Modular building units
US4023315A (en) * 1968-07-26 1977-05-17 Elcon A.G. Prefabricated buildings
US4041666A (en) * 1974-12-04 1977-08-16 Sargis Sargis E Modular concrete building components for a light-weight structure system
US4173103A (en) * 1974-12-04 1979-11-06 Sargis Sargis E Light-weight structural system and modular concrete building components therefor
US4184296A (en) * 1976-10-08 1980-01-22 Alberto Vitalini Prefabricated prismatic structure for building
US20030033772A1 (en) * 2001-08-20 2003-02-20 Matthew Russell Methods and apparatus for building tall vertical structures
US20070294958A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2007-12-27 Rolf Kestermann Modular Room and Structure
US8875445B2 (en) * 2012-10-29 2014-11-04 Stephen Lee Lippert Light weight modular units for staggered stacked building system
US9453333B2 (en) * 2014-08-27 2016-09-27 Ronald Porter System and method of fabricating and assembling industrial plant modules for industrial plant construction
WO2017221210A1 (en) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 Combrink Gerhardus Jacobus Building construction and method of building
ES2940883A1 (es) * 2021-11-11 2023-05-11 Univ Sevilla Sistema estructural para construccion modular

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR73603B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-12-11 1984-03-26 Wybauw Jacques
FR2444130A1 (fr) * 1978-12-11 1980-07-11 Wybauw Jacques Systeme de construction de batiments a plusieurs etages, par assemblage d'elements prefabriques

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US915421A (en) * 1908-07-06 1909-03-16 Theodore Augustus Eisen Construction of buildings.
GB190900665A (en) * 1909-01-11 1909-09-23 Bernhard Nast Improvements in or relating to the Construction of Walls.
US1156693A (en) * 1915-03-30 1915-10-12 Marvin Vastine Koger Combination van-wagon.
US1170936A (en) * 1913-12-22 1916-02-08 Grover Cleveland Royse Flue structure.
US2287229A (en) * 1941-01-27 1942-06-23 Duramore Buildings Inc Building construction
US2691291A (en) * 1949-08-02 1954-10-12 Henderson Albert Building of precast concrete segments
US3388512A (en) * 1965-04-02 1968-06-18 Newman Harry Multilevel modular building

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US915421A (en) * 1908-07-06 1909-03-16 Theodore Augustus Eisen Construction of buildings.
GB190900665A (en) * 1909-01-11 1909-09-23 Bernhard Nast Improvements in or relating to the Construction of Walls.
US1170936A (en) * 1913-12-22 1916-02-08 Grover Cleveland Royse Flue structure.
US1156693A (en) * 1915-03-30 1915-10-12 Marvin Vastine Koger Combination van-wagon.
US2287229A (en) * 1941-01-27 1942-06-23 Duramore Buildings Inc Building construction
US2691291A (en) * 1949-08-02 1954-10-12 Henderson Albert Building of precast concrete segments
US3388512A (en) * 1965-04-02 1968-06-18 Newman Harry Multilevel modular building

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4023315A (en) * 1968-07-26 1977-05-17 Elcon A.G. Prefabricated buildings
US3818654A (en) * 1970-01-19 1974-06-25 R Schramm Modular building structure with horizontal vierendeel truss
US3678637A (en) * 1970-02-17 1972-07-25 Arthur Klipfel Building construction system
US3694977A (en) * 1970-09-01 1972-10-03 Marvin Verman Modular row housing
US3738069A (en) * 1970-09-18 1973-06-12 Anthropos Inc Modular building construction
US3729875A (en) * 1970-12-17 1973-05-01 R Felson Prefabricated building
US3755973A (en) * 1971-09-14 1973-09-04 T Rader Modular building system
US3984950A (en) * 1971-12-16 1976-10-12 Rudkin-Wiley Corporation Modular building units
US3871146A (en) * 1972-07-28 1975-03-18 Trebron Holdings Ltd Constant module system
US4173103A (en) * 1974-12-04 1979-11-06 Sargis Sargis E Light-weight structural system and modular concrete building components therefor
US4041666A (en) * 1974-12-04 1977-08-16 Sargis Sargis E Modular concrete building components for a light-weight structure system
US4184296A (en) * 1976-10-08 1980-01-22 Alberto Vitalini Prefabricated prismatic structure for building
US20030033772A1 (en) * 2001-08-20 2003-02-20 Matthew Russell Methods and apparatus for building tall vertical structures
US20070294958A1 (en) * 2004-08-19 2007-12-27 Rolf Kestermann Modular Room and Structure
US8322084B2 (en) * 2004-08-19 2012-12-04 Rolf Kestermann Modular room and structure
US9217257B2 (en) * 2004-08-19 2015-12-22 Rolf Kestermann Modular room and structure
US8875445B2 (en) * 2012-10-29 2014-11-04 Stephen Lee Lippert Light weight modular units for staggered stacked building system
US9453333B2 (en) * 2014-08-27 2016-09-27 Ronald Porter System and method of fabricating and assembling industrial plant modules for industrial plant construction
WO2017221210A1 (en) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 Combrink Gerhardus Jacobus Building construction and method of building
ES2940883A1 (es) * 2021-11-11 2023-05-11 Univ Sevilla Sistema estructural para construccion modular

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