US3454498A - Heavy pulp including particles of ferrochrome alloy having a smooth and spherical surface area - Google Patents

Heavy pulp including particles of ferrochrome alloy having a smooth and spherical surface area Download PDF

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Publication number
US3454498A
US3454498A US579468A US3454498DA US3454498A US 3454498 A US3454498 A US 3454498A US 579468 A US579468 A US 579468A US 3454498D A US3454498D A US 3454498DA US 3454498 A US3454498 A US 3454498A
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Prior art keywords
ferrochrome
weight
particles
density
pulp
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Expired - Lifetime
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US579468A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hellmut Gabler
Wilfried Gerhardt
Joachim Kandler
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Knapsack AG
Knapsack Griesheim AG
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Knapsack AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with a pulverulent ferrochrome alloy consisting of particles having a smooth and spherical surface area, and the ferrochrome alloy consisting essentially of 10 to 30% by weight chromium, 0.05 to 1.0% by weight aluminum, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight carbon, and 0.5 to 5% by weight silicon.
  • the alloy may also contain small proportions of customary accompanying elements, such as phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, and titanium, the balance being iron.
  • the present invention is more especially concerned with ferrochrome alloys consisting essentially of 13.5 to 20% chromium, 0.05 to 0.3% aluminum, 0.03 to 0.1% carbon, and 1.5 to 3.0% silicon, the balance being iron.
  • Pulverulent alloys having such composition and consisting of particles havinga smooth and spherical surface area are very suitable for use e.g. as a heavy material for the float-sink dressing of ores and/or minerals, or as a filler or loading material e.g. for blank fire or training ammunition, as will more fully be described hereinafter.
  • the density of the alloy varies between 7.2 to 7.8 g./cc.
  • the ferrochrome particles substantially have a spherical, drop-like or elongated shape.
  • the pulverulent alloy may consist of atomized ferrochrome prepared in conventional manner by atomizing a corresponding melt.
  • the ferrochrome melt which may have been prepared by electrothermal means, is atomized with the aid of water, steam, air, nitrogen and the like under a pressure of about 2 to 13 atmospheres (1 to 12 atmospheres gauge pressure) and has a temperature 50 to 500, preferably 100 to 150 centigrade degrees above the respective melting temperature.
  • Spherical ferrochrome particles can also be prepared in finely divided form from molten material in customary manner by directly transforming the molten material into powder form on a granulating plate or in a granulating groove, the molten material being comminuted and quenched advantageously with water, or with steam, air, nitrogen and the like maintained under a pressure of about 1 to 20 atmospheres (gauge pressure) and forced to issue e.g. through a nozzle.
  • Ferrochrome particles first obtained in solid form by a conventional grinding can successively be caused likewise in known manner, if desired under pressure and with the aid of an atomizing agent, to travel through a heating zone, e.g. a flame zone, the particles being melted round at least superficially on passing through that Zone and being caused to solidify in a cooling or quenching zone following the heating zone. It is also possible to prepare the spherical-shaped ferrochrome particles by a metal spray process.
  • the ferrochrome alloy produced in accordance with the present invention should more especially contain:
  • finely divided and watersuspended mineral or metal powders can be used for making so-called heavy pulps for use in ore-dressing. It is also known that these mineral or metal powders can be used in the form of particles having a smooth and roundedoif, preferably a spherical shape. As compared with ground powder, these latter particles undergo lesser frictiori and they will produce a pulp of lower viscosity or consistency.
  • the powders consisting of particles having a rounded-01f or a wholly or partially spherical shape also permit suspending a larger proportion of solid matter in the heavy pulp which results in the suspension having a specific density, i.e.
  • a heavy substance for use in ore-dressing has to meet various specifications. It should be substantially corrosion-resistant under the operating conditions and it should be ferro-magnetic in order to permit freeing the heavy pulp from sludge and ore abrasion fines.
  • the heavy substances used for making the various suspensions substantially include magnetite and ferrosilicon containing about 15% Si. It is known and especially advantageous in accordance with what has been said above to use the ferrosilicon powder in the form of particles having a rounded-off or a wholly or partially spherical shape. It is also known that such ferrosilicon powder can be alloyed with nickel and/ or copper with the silicon content being slightly reduced concurrently therewith; such alloyed material even has a density higher than unalloyed ferrosilicon containing 15 Si.
  • the maximum pulp densities obtainable with ferrosilicon so alloyed are as high as about 4.1 g./cc., corresponding to a solid matter content of about 50% by volume for a density of the solid of 7.2 g./cc.
  • Appropriate selection of the chromium content results in the formation of a powder of good corrosion resistant and magnetic properties which can be regenerated as described above.
  • Silicon process of the present invention enables the production of metal powders having a density of up to 7.8 g./cc. which permit obtaining a pulp density as high as 4.4 g./cc. for a solid matter content of about 50% by volume.
  • the chromium content of the powders produced in accordance with the present invention may vary within wide limits.
  • it is adjusted so as to vary within the limits of 5 to 30%, preferably 13.5 to 20%.
  • Lower chromium contents involve lower resistance to corrosion, whereas higher chromium contents involve the formation of metal powders of lower density and thus e.g. the formation of suspensions of lower pulp density.
  • the ferrochrome powder consisting of particles having a rounded-off and advantageously a spherical shape, prepared in accordance with the present invention, can also be used for applications other than for the float-sink dressing. It can be used, for example, as a filler e.g. in blank fire and training ammunition.
  • the high apparent density obtainable with the powder which may be as high as about 5.0 to 5.4 g./cc. and which corresponds to the material occupying a given volume to an extent of about 70%, is especially advantageous for such application.
  • Ground powders, e.g. ferochrome powders of identical chromium content on the other hand occupy less than 60% of a given volume, which means that the material has an apparent density correspondingly lower.
  • apparent density as used herein is understood to mean the density which is obtained after intense stamping or vibrating treatment and which, therefore, can also be termed stamp or vibration density.
  • the ferrochrome alloy produced in accordance with the present invention can be admixed with further metal powders, and especially ferrochrome can be alloyed with further metals, when intended for use as a filler.
  • the metal powders admixed or the components alloyed therewith include e.g. nickel, lead, tungsten, and the like.
  • the ferrochrome particles are generally employed in the form of grains of which at least a 90% by weight proportion has a size smaller than 0.3 mm. Grains of which an about 50% by weight proportion has a size smaller than 0.06 mm. are especially suitable for use in the floatsin'k dressing, but there may also be used an about 90% by weight proportion consisting of grains smaller than 0.06 mm.
  • EXAMPLE 1 13 kg. ingot iron containing 0.01% C and 5 kg. ferrochrome containing 60% er and 0.3% C were melted in a tiltable electric furnace while adding 0.7 kg. ferrosilicon containing 75% Si and 0.05 kg. Al. The resulting melt was poured at a temperature of 1,780 C. through a nozzle having a pouring gate 12 mm. wide, and atomized with a vapor jet issuing through an annular slit nozzle arranged concentrically around the pouring jet. The vapor pressure was 4 atmospheres (gauge pressure). The atomized product was quenched with water and dried.
  • a powder consisting of spherical-shaped particles was obtained, of which a 80% proportion could be passed through a screen with meshes 0.25 mm. wide. 90% of the particles obtained had an almost ideal spherical shape.
  • the pycnometer density of the material was found to be 7.6 g./cc.
  • the final product, i.e. the atomized powder was analyzed and found to contain:
  • EXAMPLE 2 A lumpy ferrochrome alloy containing 16.5% by Weight chromium was ground and the apparent density of the resulting ground powder was compared with the density of the atomized ferrochrome alloy of Example 1. Screen analysis 4 Percent: Mm.
  • Pulp density Viscosity, centipoises 1. Heavy pulp composition consisting essentially of water and a finely divided, water-suspended metal powder for the float-sink dressing of a substance selected from the group consisting of ores and minerals, said metal powder consisting of particles having a smooth and rounded-oil surface and wherein the said metal powder is a ferrochrome alloy having a density of 7.2 to 7.8 g./cc. and consisting essentially of 10 to 30% by weight chromium, 0.05 to 1.0% by weight aluminum, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight carbon, and 0.5 to 5% by weight silicon, the balance being substantially iron, and the pulp density ranging between 3.37 and 4.4 g./cc.
  • the pulp of claim 1 wherein the ferrochrome alloy consists essentially of 13.5 to 20% by weight chromium, 0.05 to 0.3 percent by weight aluminum, 0.03 to 0.1% by weight carbon, and 1.5 to 3.0% by weight silicon, the balance being substantially iron.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
US579468A 1963-12-06 1966-08-22 Heavy pulp including particles of ferrochrome alloy having a smooth and spherical surface area Expired - Lifetime US3454498A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEK51544A DE1218165B (de) 1963-12-06 1963-12-06 Eisen-Chromlegierung in Pulverform mit glatter und abgerundeter Oberflaeche

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US3454498A true US3454498A (en) 1969-07-08

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US (1) US3454498A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
AT (1) AT269017B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
BE (1) BE656633A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
CH (1) CH465151A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
DE (1) DE1218165B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
GB (1) GB1054130A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
SE (1) SE304611B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3943061A (en) * 1972-05-09 1976-03-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Use of an iron/silicon/phosphorus-alloy in separation of minerals
US5147046A (en) * 1988-04-15 1992-09-15 Kyusyumetal Industry Co., Ltd. Gravity separation method using iron powder
EP1314523A2 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-05-28 Pometon S.p.a. Method for obtaining an abrasive mixture, particularly for sawing marbles, and product obtained thereby

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4383853A (en) * 1981-02-18 1983-05-17 William J. McCollough Corrosion-resistant Fe-Cr-uranium238 pellet and method for making the same
CN115228623B (zh) * 2022-07-22 2024-08-23 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 一种同时降低钒铁合金中P和Mn含量的方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR703204A (fr) * 1929-09-11 1931-04-27 Perfectionnements aux alliages et aux objets fabriqués avec ces alliages
DE630744C (de) * 1930-10-25 1936-06-05 Hermann Josef Schiffler Dr Ing Stahl fuer nahtlose Rohre, welche hohe Zunderbestaendigkeit und gute Festigkeitseigenschaften besitzen
US2774734A (en) * 1951-10-02 1956-12-18 Knapsack Griesheim Ag Fur Stic Fluid for gravity separation
US2878518A (en) * 1955-03-12 1959-03-24 Knapsack Ag Process for preparing ferrosilicon particles
DE972687C (de) * 1951-10-03 1959-09-10 Knapsack Ag Aus Ferrosilicium oder aehnlich hartem Stoff bestehender Schwerstoff fuer Schweretrueben zur Schwimmsinkscheidung von Mineralien
US3312543A (en) * 1962-08-01 1967-04-04 Daniel J N Hoffman Heavy separation media

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR703204A (fr) * 1929-09-11 1931-04-27 Perfectionnements aux alliages et aux objets fabriqués avec ces alliages
DE630744C (de) * 1930-10-25 1936-06-05 Hermann Josef Schiffler Dr Ing Stahl fuer nahtlose Rohre, welche hohe Zunderbestaendigkeit und gute Festigkeitseigenschaften besitzen
US2774734A (en) * 1951-10-02 1956-12-18 Knapsack Griesheim Ag Fur Stic Fluid for gravity separation
DE972687C (de) * 1951-10-03 1959-09-10 Knapsack Ag Aus Ferrosilicium oder aehnlich hartem Stoff bestehender Schwerstoff fuer Schweretrueben zur Schwimmsinkscheidung von Mineralien
US2878518A (en) * 1955-03-12 1959-03-24 Knapsack Ag Process for preparing ferrosilicon particles
US3312543A (en) * 1962-08-01 1967-04-04 Daniel J N Hoffman Heavy separation media

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3943061A (en) * 1972-05-09 1976-03-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Use of an iron/silicon/phosphorus-alloy in separation of minerals
US5147046A (en) * 1988-04-15 1992-09-15 Kyusyumetal Industry Co., Ltd. Gravity separation method using iron powder
EP1314523A2 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-05-28 Pometon S.p.a. Method for obtaining an abrasive mixture, particularly for sawing marbles, and product obtained thereby
EP1314523A3 (en) * 2001-11-27 2004-05-06 Pometon S.p.a. Method for obtaining an abrasive mixture, particularly for sawing marbles, and product obtained thereby

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Publication number Publication date
BE656633A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1965-04-01
CH465151A (de) 1968-11-15
GB1054130A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
SE304611B (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) 1968-09-30
AT269017B (de) 1969-03-10
DE1218165B (de) 1966-06-02

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