US3708282A - Production of sintered metal products - Google Patents
Production of sintered metal products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3708282A US3708282A US00068753A US3708282DA US3708282A US 3708282 A US3708282 A US 3708282A US 00068753 A US00068753 A US 00068753A US 3708282D A US3708282D A US 3708282DA US 3708282 A US3708282 A US 3708282A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- graphite
- powder
- production
- sintered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 47
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940087654 iron carbonyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
- C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
Abstract
PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF SINTERED METAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING NICKEL AND CARBON COMPRISES COMPACTING AND SINTERING SPECIAL POWDER MIXTURE CONTAINING NICKEL-COATED GRAPHITE PARTICLES.
Description
3,708,282 Patented Jan. 2, 1973 it on U.S. Cl. 75-200 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Process for production of sintered metal products containing nickel and carbon comprises compacting and sintering special powder mixture containing nickel-coated graphite particles.
The present invention relates to powder metallurgy and more particularly to the production of sintered alloys which contain both carbon and nickel.
The production of alloy steel components by sintering powder compacts is becoming of increasing importance, largely because a finished component can be made without working steps and with very little machining; in addition excellent control can be exercised over the composition. However, a common disadvantage of the resultant products is inadequate ductility.
Heretofore, for production of sintered metal compacts, nickel and carbon have been introduced into the compacts to be sintered as nickel powder and graphite powder.
It has now been discovered that sintered steel products having desirable useful characteristics can be produced by a new powder metallurgical process.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for production of sintered alloy products containing nickel and carbon.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description.
Generally speaking, the present invention contemplates a powder metallurgical process for production of sintered steel products containing nickel and carbon comprising providing a special mixture of powder particles which contains the carbon in the form of metal-coated graphite particles, mixed with other powder particles for the alloy, and then compacting and sintering the powder mixture to convert the powder mixture to an alloyed condition. The metal on the graphite is most advantageously nickel. It is found that the ductility of the sintered product is most surprisingly increased.
The reason why the ductility of the steel is improved by the invention is not certain, but it is possible that the coated graphite flows more readily when the powder compact is made. Again, there may be improvement in the alloy structure by diffusion during the sintering step. There is some support for this theory in the fact that the improvement in ductility is greater when the sintering temperature is high.
Nickel-coated graphite can be produced in various ways.
for example by decomposing nickel carbonyl onto a fluidised mass for graphite particles, by the electrodeposition of nickel onto graphite particles, or by hydrometallurgical precipitation techniques. The particle size of the graphite may vary considerably, for example between 4 and microns. The weight of the coating also varies, both in accordance with the method of coating and the particle size of the graphite. In general the nickel amounts to from 50 to 70% by weight of the coated particles.
Iron-coated graphite can be produced by similar methods.
Graphite powder as commercially produced by different manufacturers varies somewhat in particle size and shape, with the result that the metal-coated powder also varies. The strength and ductility of sintered steels of identical chemical composition vary in accordance with the particular coated powder used, but improvement in the ductility of appropriately sintered steels is always obtained by replacing uncoated graphite by similar graphite with a metal coating.
When, as is much preferred, the graphite is coated with nickel, the coatings will not normally introduce as much nickel into the steel as is required, and the remainder is introduced as nickel powder.
The invention is particularly useful in the production of steels containing from 0.5 to 7% nickel and from 0.3 to 1% carbon, with or without copper up to 5%, manganese up to 4% and molybdenum up to 1%, the balance being iron except for unavoidable impurities.
For the purpose of giving those skilled in the art a better understanding and appreciation of the advantages of the invention the following illustrative examples are given of processes according to the invention and also, for comparison, of other processes not in accordance with the invention.
The table below gives details of four steels according to the invention (Steels 1 to 4) together with those of three comparative steels (A, B and C). The aim in each case was to make a 5% nickel steel containing 0.55 carbon, the balance (except for very small quantities of impurities) being iron. All the compacts were made by mixing the powders for 1 hour in a double-cone mixer and then pressing the mixtures at room temperature. The nickel powder was carbonyl-nickel powder from 4 to 7 microns in size. The powder, which formed the balance of each mixture, was Hogenas HC iron powder less than microns in size. The graphite was that sold as Acheson G 10 and was all less than 50 microns in size. The nickelcoated graphite was made by the decomposition of nickel carbonyl onto G10 graphite, containing 56% nickel, 41% carbon and 3% ash, and was less than 50 microns in size. The iron-coated graphite was made by the decomposition of iron carbonyl onto G10 graphite, contained 60% iron, 37% carbon and 3% ash, and was also less than 50 microns in size.
The compacts of Steels l, 2, 4 A and B, were all made under a pressure of 54 hectobars and then sintered for 1 hour at 1300 C. in argon. Those of Steels 3 and C were made under a pressure of 77 hectobars and then sintered for 1 hour at 1120 C. in cracked ammonia. These are two conventional manufacturing processes.
It will be seen that when the sintering was effected at 1300 C., the ductility of the steel made with nickelcoated graphite increased materially, as shown by the elongations of the comparative Steels 1 and A, and 2 and B, respectively; and when the steel was made with ironcoated graphite the increase was still material but not so large, as shown by a comparison of Steels 4 and B. When the compacts were sintered at 1120 C., there was again increase in ductility, as shown by comparison of steels 3 and C, but not so large as when the sintering temperature was higher. It is therefore desirable to effect the sintering in the temperature range of 1200 to 1350" C.
Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, it is to be understod that modifications and variations may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention as those skilled in the art will readily understand. Such modifications and variations may be considered within the purview and scope of the invention and appended claims.
We claim:
1. A process for production of a sintered steel product characterized by the chemical composition of a preselected steel alloy comprising providing a powder mixture comprising metal powder particles consisting of metals in the preselected steel composition and also comprising metalcoated graphite particles selected from the group consisting of nickel-coated graphite particles and iron-coated graphite particles and compacting and sintering said powder mixture to convert the powder mixture to an alloyed condition.
2. A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the metalcoated graphite particles are nickel-coated graphite particles.
3. A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the powder mixture contains nickel particles in addition to the nickelcoated graphite particles.
4. A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the metal powder mixture contains 0.5% to 7% nickel, 0.3% to 1% carbon, up to 5% copper, up to 4% manganese and up to 1% molybdenum, with the balance essentially iron.
5. A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the sintering is effected in the temperature range of 1200 C. to 1350 C.
6. A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the metalcoated graphite particles are nickel-coated graphite particles and wherein the sintering is effected in the temperature range of 1200 C. to 1350 C.
7. A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the powder mixture comprises 0.5 to 7% nickel, 0.3% to 1% carbon, up to 5% copper, up to 4% manganese and up to 1% molybdenum with the balance essentially iron, the metal particles are of metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, manganese, molybdenum and iron, the particle size of the graphite in the metal-coated graphite particles is 4 microns to 100 microns, the metal coatings on the graphite particles are nickel and the nickel coatings amount to to by weight of the coated particles and wherein the sintering is effected at 1200 C. to 1350 C.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,289,897 7/1942 Balke 200 3,343,953 9/1967 Schladitz 75212 CARL D. QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner B. H. HUNT, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 75-212
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB43596/69A GB1279303A (en) | 1969-09-03 | 1969-09-03 | Production of sintered nickel steels |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3708282A true US3708282A (en) | 1973-01-02 |
Family
ID=10429467
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00068753A Expired - Lifetime US3708282A (en) | 1969-09-03 | 1970-09-01 | Production of sintered metal products |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3708282A (en) |
BE (1) | BE755697A (en) |
CA (1) | CA924541A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2043424B2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2060852A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1279303A (en) |
SE (1) | SE359120B (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5080209A (en) * | 1973-11-19 | 1975-06-30 | ||
US4236925A (en) * | 1977-08-10 | 1980-12-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of producing sintered material having high damping capacity and wearing resistance and resultant products |
JPS5662907A (en) * | 1979-10-27 | 1981-05-29 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Iron coated composite powder and its production |
US4657822A (en) * | 1986-07-02 | 1987-04-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fabrication of hollow, cored, and composite shaped parts from selected alloy powders |
US5223213A (en) * | 1990-01-26 | 1993-06-29 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Cast product having a ceramic insert and method of making same |
US6548013B2 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2003-04-15 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Processing of particulate Ni-Ti alloy to achieve desired shape and properties |
US20150017043A1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2015-01-15 | Gkn Sinter Metals, Llc | Powder metal with solid lubricant and powder metal scroll compressor made therefrom |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4039296A (en) * | 1975-12-12 | 1977-08-02 | General Electric Company | Clearance control through a Ni-graphite/NiCr-base alloy powder mixture |
SE453733B (en) * | 1985-03-07 | 1988-02-29 | Hoeganaes Ab | IRON-BASED POWDER FOR HOGHALLFASTTA SINTRADE BODIES |
-
0
- BE BE755697D patent/BE755697A/en unknown
-
1969
- 1969-09-03 GB GB43596/69A patent/GB1279303A/en not_active Expired
-
1970
- 1970-09-01 US US00068753A patent/US3708282A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-09-02 DE DE2043424A patent/DE2043424B2/en active Pending
- 1970-09-02 SE SE11913/70A patent/SE359120B/xx unknown
- 1970-09-02 FR FR7031945A patent/FR2060852A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-09-03 CA CA092306A patent/CA924541A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5080209A (en) * | 1973-11-19 | 1975-06-30 | ||
US4236925A (en) * | 1977-08-10 | 1980-12-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of producing sintered material having high damping capacity and wearing resistance and resultant products |
JPS5662907A (en) * | 1979-10-27 | 1981-05-29 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Iron coated composite powder and its production |
JPS6254161B2 (en) * | 1979-10-27 | 1987-11-13 | Nippon Mining Co | |
US4657822A (en) * | 1986-07-02 | 1987-04-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fabrication of hollow, cored, and composite shaped parts from selected alloy powders |
US5223213A (en) * | 1990-01-26 | 1993-06-29 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Cast product having a ceramic insert and method of making same |
US6548013B2 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2003-04-15 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Processing of particulate Ni-Ti alloy to achieve desired shape and properties |
US20150017043A1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2015-01-15 | Gkn Sinter Metals, Llc | Powder metal with solid lubricant and powder metal scroll compressor made therefrom |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1279303A (en) | 1972-06-28 |
FR2060852A5 (en) | 1971-06-18 |
BE755697A (en) | 1971-03-03 |
CA924541A (en) | 1973-04-17 |
DE2043424B2 (en) | 1974-03-21 |
DE2043424A1 (en) | 1971-04-01 |
SE359120B (en) | 1973-08-20 |
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