US3437554A - Joint constructions - Google Patents

Joint constructions Download PDF

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US3437554A
US3437554A US433529A US3437554DA US3437554A US 3437554 A US3437554 A US 3437554A US 433529 A US433529 A US 433529A US 3437554D A US3437554D A US 3437554DA US 3437554 A US3437554 A US 3437554A
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porcelain
support
joint
metallic
coating
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James R Gamble
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/028—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles by means of an interlayer consisting of an organic adhesive, e.g. phenol resin or pitch
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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Definitions

  • corner pads of an asbestos material are pressed firmly to the corner positions of the ceramic body and no alloy is permitted to penetrate behind the corner pads.
  • This invention relates to joint constructions generally and, more particularly, to a joint construction between a ceramic body and an adjacently-disposed metallic support member.
  • a general object of the invention is to provide an improved joint between a ceramic body, such as a porcelain body, and a metallic support therefor so that the ceramic body may be employed in an assembled unit.
  • a circuit breaker may require a hollow porcelain casing to surround the arc-extinguishing elements, and preferably, the hollow porcelain casing must have an annular end flange member secured to an extremity of the porcelain casing so as to structurally attach the porcelain casing to a ground frame, an end line terminal member, etc.
  • the support flange must be attached by a joint to the porcelain. casing which will resist vibration, shock and will not loosen over long periods of time.
  • Another object of the invention is an improved method for forming a metallic-porcelain joint.
  • Another object of the invention is to interpose a permanently-tacky and extremely viscous material, in thin layer form, in the joint between a support flange and the adjacent supported porcelain body to resist shock and to improve mechanical strength.
  • the bonding material may be Portland cement, Mineralead, Babbit metal, or any other type of suitable cement.
  • FIGURE 1 is a side elevational view of a porcelain pole-support for a circuit breaker of the type illustrated in the aforesaid US. Patent 3,307,004, illustrating in broken-away fragmentary manner, the improved joint between the base of the porcelain pole-support and the surrounding metallic flange support;
  • FIG. 2 is an inverted plan, or bottom view of the flanged porcelain pole-support, with a fragmentary crosssectional view being taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1, illustrating the corner padding construction;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an end view of a lightning-arrester porcelain casing and the annular support flange secured thereto by the improved joint construction of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a considerably enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the corner pad used in the improved joint construction.
  • the reference numeral 1 designates a porcelain pole-support suitable for circuit-breaker use.
  • the porcelain pole-support 1 has molded therein support openings 2, 3, through which contact foot and stud assemblies (not shown) may be fixedly mounted.
  • the polesupport 1 is generally of channel-shaped configuration, having a connecting integral web portion 4, through which the aforesaid support openings 2 and 3 are provided.
  • the base portion 5 of the porcelain pole-support 1 has a rectangular configuration, and encircling the aforesaid rectangular base portion '5 is a metallic rectangular flange support member 7.
  • the improved joint 8 between the metallic support frame 7 and the porcelain body 1 constitutes the essence of the present invention.
  • a first glaze coating 9 is applied over the entire body 1 with the exception of the bottom of the base 5, which has a wax layer applied thereto as this is the firing surface.
  • sand 10 having a mesh size of say 14-18 mesh, for example, is poured on a second glaze layer 11 having a fish glue mixed therein, together with a certain part of glycerin.
  • the glaze and fish-glue mixture 11 is painted by brush around the vertical base face portions 12 and while this glaze coating 11 is still wet, the aforesaid sand 10 is poured by hand over such coating 11 and a certain portion of the sand 10 adheres thereto.
  • a layer of sand 10 is provided all around the four vertical faces 12 of the rectangular base 5.
  • the sand particles 10 assist in the formation of the subsequent joint 8.
  • the second glaze coating 11 with fish glue additive and glycerin so that the sand 10 may have firm adherence to the base faces 12 of the porcelain body 1.
  • the porcelain body 1 is fired in a kiln for a period of approximately a week, and when withdrawn from the kiln and slowly cooled is ready for the subsequent joint process of the instant invention.
  • the sanded surfaces 12 of the porcelain body 1 are brush coated with a layer of a tacky viscous material 13', which is permanently tacky and provides a resilient cushioning layer in the joint 8.
  • the viscous and tacky coating material 13- is a plastic material, that is, over a wide range of temperatures, adherent, impervious to moisture and capable of forming a smooth thin-layer. Suitable formulations will be set forth hereinafter.
  • the coating 13 serves to reduce stresses at or adjacent the interface between the adjoining Babbit metal, as described hereinafter.
  • a coating material that is permanently tacky is desirable in carrying out my invention.
  • the coating 13 must be capable of adhering to the base faces 12 of the base of the porcelain body 1 and also to the contiguously-poured Babbit metal, or Mineralead, or highmelting point sulfur cement, or Portland cement.
  • the galvanized malleable iron flange support 7 and porcelain body 1 (following the firing operation and coating 13 operation) is preheated to 250- -5 F. for a minimum of 8 hours preferably overnight, before assembly.
  • the porcelain body 1 is removed from the preheater immediately prior to the assembly.
  • Four impregnated asbestos tape sections 15 are placed in position over the base corners and pressed firmly in place.
  • the tape sections are cut from a .062 x 1.5 inch asbestos tape and impregnated with the silicone adhesive 13.
  • the tape is dried and cut to l-inch lengths.
  • the cut pieces are folded to .5 x 1.5.
  • the tape sections 15 are placed in the corner positions and pressed firmly into position. I have discovered that it is important that the alloy 16 cannot penetrate behind them. Strength values were found to be reduced when the alloy was allowed to penetrate behind the asbestos pads.
  • the asbestos pads act to obviate the possibility of having stress concentrations on the corners of the porcelain pole unit 1.
  • the malleable iron base 7 is taken from the preheater and tightened into position in a jig, not shown.
  • the porcelain pole unit 1, together with the corner padding 15 is also placed in a jig for correct alignment with respect to the metallic flange support 7.
  • An alloy 16 such as Babbit metal at a temperature of say 700+25--10 F. is poured about the base 1 while the pole support 1 and the metallic flange 7 are still hot. The alloy 16 is cast in one pour.
  • the assembled device with the attached flange support 7 is removed from the jig fixtures and the assembly is permitted to cool slowly to room temperature.
  • the Babbit alloy 16 may have the following formulation: I l
  • Lead base Babbit metal in ingot or bar form as follows:
  • Lead base Babbit metal in ingot or bar form as follows:
  • the improved joint construction of the present invention may be applied to the porcelain-metallic flange constructions of lightning arrester casings 20', such as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 of the drawings.
  • annular support flange ring 22 is attached to the extremity of a porcelain casing 24.
  • the metallic ring 22 and upper surface 24a of the porcelain casing 24 are coated with the resilient adhesive 13.
  • no sand is employed and the ribs or corrugations 24b assist in providing a firmattachment.
  • the parts are placed in alignment jig devices and a suitable high-melting-point sulfur cement 25 is used to cast the parts together.
  • the porcelain casing 24 is preheated, but not the support flange 22.
  • the formulation of the Mineralead cement is as follows:
  • organopolysiloxane composition comprising from to 70 percent by weight of a benzene soluble resin copolymer of SiO,,, units and R SiO units where R is an alkyl radical of less than 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical, and where the ratio of R SiO units to SiO units is from .621 to .911 inclusive, and 95 to 30 percent by weight of a diorganopolysiloxane having the general formula R' SiO, where R is methyl or phenyl and having viscosity of at least 1,000,000 cs. at 25 C., and at least 90 percent of the total number of -R and R radicals being alkyl.
  • organosiloxane adhesives particularly suitable for use in the practice of the present invention are preferably a mixture of methylsiloxanes, one component being an elastomeric siloxane comprising repeating units in a chain terminated by (CH -Sigroups, wherein the ratio of (CH to Si groups is close to 2, but may be either slightly greater than 2, or slightly less, and the other component being a resinous methylsiloxane having from at least one to substantially less than 2 methyl groups per silicon atom. From to 90% by weight of each component may be present in the mixture.
  • the molecular weights are such that a 37% solution of the organopolysiloxanes in xylene has a viscosity of 3000 to 8000 centipoises at 25 C.
  • Catalysts for curing the mixture of organopolysiloxanes comprise lead carboxyl salts, for example, lead naphthenate, lead acetate and lead propionate, in amounts of from about 0.001% to 2%.
  • Benzenoid hydrocarbon solvents may be employed to dissolve the organopolysiloxanes for instance benzene, toluene or xylene, to produce solutions of from 30 to 40% concentration. A 38% to 40% solution gives goods results.
  • a suitable formulation consists of 50 parts by weight of an organosiloxane copolymer composed of s)a 1 a units, and SiO units having an average of about 1.2 methyl units per silicon atom in the copolymer, 50 parts of a dimethylsiloxane having a viscosity in excess of 10,000,000 cs. at 25 C., having a plasticity of 55, and 2.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide. Lead naphthenate may be substituted for the benzoyl peroxide in this example.
  • a coating material of this type retains its physical and chemical properties over a wide range of temperatures and where such ranges are attained in short periods of time and is particularly adapted for use in coating electrical members that are subjected to severe changes in temperature.
  • the improved joint construction of the present invention has resulted in a marked increase in cantilever strength.
  • the cantilever load that would cause failure increased from a range of 1600- 2900 pounds to a range of 4200 pounds to 6600 pounds.
  • the flexibility and cushioning effect provided by the silicon adhesive 13 results in a desirable increase of the pole-unit 1 to resist shock and vibration stresses.
  • An improved ceramic-metallic joint construction including a coating of a silicon adhesive on the ceramic body for providing a permanently flexible layer, and an interposed cement between the ceramic body and the surrounding metallic flange support.
  • a joint construction including a porcelain body and a surrounding metallic support flange, a l to 15 mil coating of a silicone adhesive on the porcelain body for a permanently flexible and resilient layer and an interposed body of cement.
  • a porcelain body having one or more corner portions, a resilient corner pad for covering a corner portion in contiguous relation to said corner portion, an adjacent metallic supporting flange, and a cement interposed .between the porcelain body and the metallic supporting flange.
  • a porcelain-metallic joint including a porcelain body having a surface coating of a material which is an organopolysiloxane composition comprising from 5 to 70 percent by weight of a benzene soluble resin copolymer of SiO units and R SiO units where R is an alkyl radical of less than 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical, and where the ratio of R SiO units to SiO units is from .6:1 to .9:1 inclusive, and 95 to 30 percent by weight of a diorganopolysiloxane having the general formula R' SiO, where R is methyl or phenyl and having a viscosity of at least 1,000,000 cs. at 25 C., and at least percent of the total number of R and R radicals being alkyl, a surrounding metallic flange support, and a cement interposed between said surface coating and the surrounding metallic flange support.
  • a material which is an organopolysiloxane composition comprising from 5 to 70 percent by weight of
  • a porcelain-metallic joint including a porcelain body having a surface coat-ing of an adhesive material which has a formulation consisting of 50 parts by weight of an organosiloxane copolymer composed of units, and Si0 units having an average of about 1.2 methyl units per silicon atom in the copolymer, 50 parts of a dimethylsiloxane having a viscosity in excess of 10,000,000 cs. at 25 C., having a plasticity of 55, and 2.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide, a surrounding metallic flange support, and a cement interposed between said surface coating and the surrounding metallic flange support.
  • a porcelain-metallic joint including a porcelain casing and a surrounding metallic flange member, a coating of a silicone adhesive on the confronting faces of both the porcelain casing and the surrounding metallic flange member, and a cement interposed between the casing and flange member.
  • the method of providing a resilient porcelain-metallic joint including the steps of: coating the joint surface of the porcelain body with a layer of l to 15 mils of a silicone adhesive to provide a permanently resilient layer within the joint, and placing a cement within the interposed cavity between the porcelain body and the surrounding metallic support flange member.
  • the silicon adhesive is an organopolysiloxane composition
  • the silicon adhesive is an organopolysiloxane composition
  • a benzene soluble resin copolymer of Si units and R SiO units where R is an alkyl radical of less than 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical and where the ratio of R SiO units to Si0 units is from .6:1 to .9:1 inclusive, and 95 to 30 percent by weight of a diorganopolysiloxane having the general formula R SiO, where R is mehtyl or phenyl and having a viscosity of at least 1,000,000 cs. at 25 C., and at least 90 percent of the total number of R and R radicals being alkyl.
  • the silicone adhesive has a suitable formulation consisting of 50 parts of an organosiloxane copolymer composed of units, and SiO units having an average of about 1.2 methyl units per silicon atom in the copolymer, 50 parts of a dimethylsiloxane having a viscosity in excess of 10,000,000 cs. at 25 C., having a plasticity of 5S, and 2.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide.
  • a porcelain-metallic joint including a porcelain body having a surface coating of an adhesive material which comprises a mixture of from to 90% by weight of each of an elastomeric methylpolysiloxane and a resinous methylpolysiloxane and having a viscosity of from 3000 to 8000 centipoises at 25 C. for a 37% solution in xylene, and up to 2% by weight of a lead carboxyl salt to catalyze the curing of the applied coating to an adherent elastic layer, a surrounding metallic flange support, and a mineral cement interposed between said surface coating and the metallic flange element.
  • an adhesive material which comprises a mixture of from to 90% by weight of each of an elastomeric methylpolysiloxane and a resinous methylpolysiloxane and having a viscosity of from 3000 to 8000 centipoises at 25 C. for a 37% solution in xylene, and up to 2% by
  • An improved ceramic-metallic joint construction including a coating applied to a ceramic body of an adhesive material which comprises a mixture of from 10 to by weight of each of an elastomeric methylpolysiloxane and a resinous methylpolysiloxane and having a viscosity of from 3000 to 8000 centipoises at 25 C. for a 37% solution in Xylene, and up to 2% by weight of a load carboxyl salt to catalyze the curing of the applied coating to an adherent elastic layer, and an interposed cement between the ceramic body and the surrounding metallic flange support.
  • an adhesive material which comprises a mixture of from 10 to by weight of each of an elastomeric methylpolysiloxane and a resinous methylpolysiloxane and having a viscosity of from 3000 to 8000 centipoises at 25 C. for a 37% solution in Xylene, and up to 2% by weight of a load carboxyl
  • the silicon adhesive is an adhesive material which comprises a mixture of from 10 to 90% by weight of each of an elastomeric methylpolysiloxane and a resinous methylpolysiloxane and having a viscosity of from 3000 to 8000 centipoises at 25 C. for a 37% solution in xylene, and up to 2% by Weight of a load car-boxyl salt to catalyze the curing of the applied coating to an adherent elastic layer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
US433529A 1965-01-26 1965-01-26 Joint constructions Expired - Lifetime US3437554A (en)

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US43352965A 1965-01-26 1965-01-26

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4507011A (en) * 1982-05-03 1985-03-26 The Boeing Company Reinforced elastomer attachment joint

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2631961A (en) * 1947-01-24 1953-03-17 Gen Motors Corp Method of bonding brake linings to brake shoes
GB833800A (en) * 1956-09-05 1960-04-27 Midland Silicones Ltd Asbestos based silicone reinforced structures
US3071217A (en) * 1960-01-15 1963-01-01 Avro Aircraft Ltd Vibration damping in sheet metal structures
US3242376A (en) * 1964-02-04 1966-03-22 Mc Graw Edison Co Lightning arrester spark gap

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2631961A (en) * 1947-01-24 1953-03-17 Gen Motors Corp Method of bonding brake linings to brake shoes
GB833800A (en) * 1956-09-05 1960-04-27 Midland Silicones Ltd Asbestos based silicone reinforced structures
US3071217A (en) * 1960-01-15 1963-01-01 Avro Aircraft Ltd Vibration damping in sheet metal structures
US3242376A (en) * 1964-02-04 1966-03-22 Mc Graw Edison Co Lightning arrester spark gap

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4507011A (en) * 1982-05-03 1985-03-26 The Boeing Company Reinforced elastomer attachment joint

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