US3435565A - Surface treatment of workpieces - Google Patents
Surface treatment of workpieces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3435565A US3435565A US613626A US3435565DA US3435565A US 3435565 A US3435565 A US 3435565A US 613626 A US613626 A US 613626A US 3435565D A US3435565D A US 3435565DA US 3435565 A US3435565 A US 3435565A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tub
- workpieces
- bowl
- media
- basket
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/003—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor whereby the workpieces are mounted on a holder and are immersed in the abrasive material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/10—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
- B24B31/108—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work involving a sectioned bowl, one part of which, e.g. its wall, is stationary and the other part of which is moved, e.g. rotated
Definitions
- This invention provides a novel method of effecting abrasive surface treatment of workpieces, and a 'novel machine for carrying out the method.
- surface treatment includes such operations as de-burring, radiusing and polishing of workpieces, whether of metal or other materials, and is commonly carried out by burying the workpieces in a mass of small pieces, or chips, of abrasive material, such as alumina or other minerals or ceramics, commonly known as media.
- the media is usually kept wetted with liquid, which may include soap or other lubricants.
- liquid which may include soap or other lubricants.
- the whole mass is usually contained in a tub or other container which is either rotated to cause the contents to tumble, or is vibrated in order to produce the required relative movement between the workpieces and the abrasive medium.
- the present invention provides a method and apparatus for effecting surface treatments similar in character to those obtained with the known tumbling barrels and vibratory finishing machines, but effecting them very much more rapidly, so that the time required to effect the treatment is correspondingly reduced.
- the mass of abrasive medium is maintained in motion by imparting to it a rapid rotation about a substantially vertical axis, so that under the influence of centrifugal force the medium .flows outwardly, this outwardly flowing stream being then returned inwardly above the outwardly flowing material, so that the mass assumes and maintains a toroidal form, with individual particles of the mass traveling helically around the toroid.
- the workpieces may either be loose and mixed with the abrasive media, or they may be secured on fixtures (which may hold them stationary, or may impart any desired degree of movement to the workpieces) the circulating media flowing over the workpieces.
- FIGURE 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a detail
- FIGURE 3 is another detail sectional view, showing 3,435,565 Patented Apr. 1, 1969 ICC an indication of the paths of movement of the circulating material;
- FIGURES 4 and 5 are views corresponding to FIG- URE 2, showing modifications
- FIGURE 6 represents a side view, partly in section, of another form of apparatus in accordance with the invention.
- FIGURE 7 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG- URE 6.
- a stationary base 1 supports a driving motor 2 which, through a V belt 3 and a worm reduction gearing unit 4, drives a vertical shaft 5, the motor being slideably mounted on the base so that it can be moved to adjust the belt tension.
- a driving motor 2 which, through a V belt 3 and a worm reduction gearing unit 4, drives a vertical shaft 5, the motor being slideably mounted on the base so that it can be moved to adjust the belt tension.
- a dished platform or bowl 6 having a lining 7 of rubber or similar material. This bowl fits 'within and substantilaly closes the lower end of a stationary tub 8, supported from the base 1.
- the tub has in general the form of an open-ended vertical tube of octagonal cross-section, but its lower end is circular to fit closely around the periphery of the bowl 6, a conically chamfered portion 9 at the lower end of the tub having the same inclination to the vertical as the outer portion of the bowl, so that the internal surfaces of bowl and tub merge smoothly together.
- the tub 8 is provided with a lining 10 of rubber or similar material, which may be bonded to the tub wall, but is preferably constituted by a separately formed sleeve inserted into and secured to the tub, thereby facilitating replacement of the lining when it becomes worn.
- a perforated pipe 11 for discharging liquid onto the contents of the tub.
- Liquid is supplied to sprinkler pipe 11 through a pipe 12 by a pump 13 immersed in a tank 14.
- a pump 13 immersed in a tank 14.
- liquid escaping from the tub around the periphery of rotating bowl 6 is collected in a chamber 15 and drains back through a channel 16 into the tank 14, which may be provided with baffles and/ or filters (not shown) to remove suspended solid matter from the liquid before it reaches the intake of pump 13.
- fresh liquid may be supplied continuously to sprinkler pipe 11, the liquid collected in chamber 15 being discharged to waste, or to separate recovery plant.
- FIGURE 2 which is an enlarged view of part of the machine of FIGURE 1
- the peripheral edge of the rotating bowl 6 is beveled on its outer face, the extreme edge of the bowl lining 7 lying very close to the tub lining 10, but spaced from it by a small gap to avoid excessive friction.
- This gap is sealed against the passage of anything but liquids and very finely divided solids by a brush 16, secured to the bevelled face of the bowl and extending completely around the bowl.
- the brush consists of bristles of nylon or other suitable material, secured at their roots in a suitable clamp and bearing at their tips against the downward extension of the stationary tub wall which forms the chamber 15.
- a shaft 17, Extending upwardly along the axis of the tub is a shaft 17, which is connected at its lower end to the shaft 5.
- a tubular shaft 18 of square crosssection, upper and lower plain bearings 19, 20 being interposed between shafts 17 and 18 and the upper ends of the shafts being supported by a bearing 21 carried by a stationary frame 22.
- a clutch 23, operated by a lever 24, allows the outer, square shaft 18 to be disengaged from, or coupled to, shaft 17, which rotates with the bowl 6 and the driving shaft 5.
- a band brake 25, operated by a lever 26, allows the outer shaft 18 to be brought to rest after disengagement of clutch 23.
- Tubular shaft 18 is in turn surrounded by a sleeve 27, having at its upper and lower ends square openings which fit with clearance around the square shaft 18, so that the sleeve will rotate with shaft 18, but can be moved upwardly and downwardly along the shaft.
- a sleeve 27 Connected to the upper end of sleeve 27 by a bearing 28 is a non-rotating arm 29, which is slidably mounted on a vertical column 30 and can be moved upwards and downwards by an hydraulic cylinder 31.
- an opentopped circular basket 32 Secured to the lower end of sleeve 27 is an opentopped circular basket 32, whose side Wall at least is formed of wire mesh or perforated sheet metal, or otherwise provided with numerous apertures.
- the tub 8 In operating the machine of FIGURE 1, the tub 8 is charged with a suitable quantity of solid processing media, such as stone fragments or ceramic or plastic chips of the character used in tumbling barrels and vibratory finishing machines, and the workpieces to be treated are added.
- a suitable quantity of solid processing media such as stone fragments or ceramic or plastic chips of the character used in tumbling barrels and vibratory finishing machines, and the workpieces to be treated are added.
- motor 2 is energised to drive shaft 5 and thus rotate bowl 6 about its vertical axis.
- the charge of media and workpieces is by centrifugal force thrown outwardly and upwardly against the stationary wall of the tube 8, and thence returns inwardly and downwardly above and inside the outwardly flowing material.
- FIGURE 6 shows by way of example two of the forms which the charge may assume, the toroid whose cross section is indicated by the arrows 33, 34 corresponding to a relatively low speed of rotation and that indicated by the arrows 35, 36 corresponding to a relatively high speed.
- speeds of rotation of the bowl lying in the range from 150 to 250 revolutions per minute are suitable, proportionately higher speeds being used for smaller tubs and lower speeds for larger tubs.
- the charge is kept moistened with liquid supplied through the sprinkler tube 11, this liquid, together with finely divided solid matter produced by the abrasive interaction of the media and workpieces, draining out of the tub into the chamber through the annular gap between bowl and tub wall.
- the liquid used, and also the solid media used are selected to accord with the nature of the workpieces to be treated and the character of the finishing operation to be performed upon them.
- media and liquids suitable for performing a given finishing operation in tumbling barrels and vibratory finishing machines can be used to perform the same operation in the machines of the present invention, but in the latter the operation is performed very much more rapidly, so that the treatment time is greatly reduced.
- the circulation of the mass of media and workpieces in the manner described is assisted by the shaping of the bowl so that the mass is thrown upwardly as well as outwardly against the wall of the tub.
- the outer part of the surface of the bowl should slope upwardly and outwardly at an angle to the horizontal of at least 15 preferably to 50. While the tub wall may be circular in plan view, the establishment of the desired circulation is assisted by using a polygonal tub, such as the octagonal tub shown, as this more quickly reduces the rotational velocity of the mass.
- the workpieces can be extracted from the tub, without removing the media, by means of the basket 32.
- the clutch 23 may be operated to connect the shafts 17 and 18, so that the basket rotates at the same speed as the bowl 6, the cylinder 31 being then operated to lower the basket into the bowl.
- the diameter of the basket is greater than the internal diameter of the toroidal mass, so that the material returning inwardly and downwardly is received in the basket.
- the openings in the wall of the basket have dimensions several times those of the individual chips (or pieces of media), so that the media continues to circulate as before, but the openings are too small to allow the passage of the workpieces, which are consequently retained in the basket.
- the basket After a short period of immersion in the mass, the basket is raised clear of the mass, rotation being continued so that most of the chips which have been lifted with the basket will be discharged by centrifugal force. Any risk that workpieces will be thrown out over the rim of the basket is avoided by the provision of a retaining lip, as indicated at 37.
- the basket is then brought to rest by disengaging clutch 23 and operating brake 25 and the workpieces are removed from the basket. This sequence of operations is repeated as often as is necessary to extract all the workpieces of the batch, after which the apparatus is ready to receive a fresh batch of workpieces.
- the basket may simply be left free to rotate about the axis of shaft 17.
- the basket When the basket is lowered into engagement with the circulating mass, it is rotated by the action of this mass and on reaching the bottom of its travel it engages the bowl 6 and rotates with the latter.
- it When again raised clear of the mass, it quickly loses speed, this manner of operation, which is satisfactory in certain cases at least, allows the omission from the apparatus of shaft 18, clutch 23 and brake 25.
- a deflector blade 38 is so mounted on arm 29 that when the basket is raised, the blade 38 will be clear of the circulating mass, while When the basket is lowered, the blade will project into the mass between the wall of the tub and the basket.
- a part of the wall of the tub may be formed as a hinged panel, which can be swung inwards to form a deflector when required, or a deflector plate can be mounted for substantially radial movement through a slot in the wall of the tub.
- the tub wall is formed with an opening normally closed by a door 39, which can be opened to allow the media to escape under the influence of the centrifugal force generated by rotation of the bowl.
- the door may be hinged to open inwardly, so that assists in deflecting the media through the opening and may be constituted by one wall of a chute or tube for guiding the media as it leaves the tub.
- Such a door may also be used for discharging the whole contents of the tub, separation of the workpieces from the media being effected after discharge by any convenient means.
- the sealing of the gap between the edge of the rotating bowl and the surrounding wall of the tub may be effected in many ways other than that shown in FIGURES 1 and 2.
- the rubber or like lining 10 of the tub wall terminates some distance above the top of the bowl 6 and the rubber or like lining 7 of the bowl is extended some distance beyond the rigid part of the bowl to form a flap 40, which bears against the downward extension 15 of the tub wall and forms a smooth continuation of the lining 8, with which it makes a bevelled joint as shown.
- FIGURE 5 shows yet another possible sealing arrangement, the projecting margin 42 of the bowl lining 7 making a close fit against the lower edge of the tub lining 10.
- FIGURE 5 also shows one of the possible variations in the shape of the bowl, which in this case has its outer portion spherically dished (instead of being conically sloped at a constant angle, as in FIGURES 1 to 4) the radius of curvature being so chosen that the outer part of the bowl has the required inclination to the horizontal.
- the workpieces may be secured to fixtures, the media being caused to circulate over the workpieces.
- fixtures may be mounted on the wall of the tub, or other fixed part, but are preferably so mounted that they can be raised out of the tub to facilitate loading and unloading.
- fixtures for holding workpieces may be mounted on the arm 29, or some part which moves with it, such as the sleeve 27.
- the fixtures may be held stationary while the workpieces are under treatment, or they may be permitted or caused to rotate during the treatment.
- FIGURES 6 and 7 again comprise a bowl 6 with a rubber or like lining 7 fitting within the lower end of a stationary octagonal tub 8 with a rubber or like lining 10, the bowl being in this case mounted directly on the shaft of an hydraulic motor 43.
- An upward extension 44 of the motor shaft is supported at its upper end in a bearing 45 carried by a fixed frame 46.
- Shaft extension 44 serves to locate on the axis of the tub a sleeve 47, which is slidable on the shaft and carries at its upper end a clamp 48.
- a vertical column 49 which is capable of rotation about its own axis and can be raised and lowered by means of a screw jack 50, driven by a motor 51.
- column 49 carries a cross bar 52, which terminates at each end in an arcuate plate 53 adapted to be gripped by the clamp 48.
- the cross bar 52 Adjacent each end, the cross bar 52 carries a spindle assembly 54, which is adjustable along the length of the cross arm and includes a vertical work holding spindle 55 and a motor 56 for rotating the spindle about its axis.
- a workpiece to be treated is secured to the spindle 55 of the assembly 54 which is outside the tub.
- Jack 50 is operated to lift column 49 and the parts connected to it.
- Clamp 48 is released, cross arm 52 is turned through approximately 180", and the clamp is retightened to grip plate 53 and secure the cross arm.
- Jack 50 is then operated to lower the workpiece into the circulating mass of media in the tub.
- the position of the workpiece in the tub can be varied, to secure the desired finishing action, by adjusting the position of the assembl 54 along bar 52 and the position at which plate 53 is gripped by clamp 48.
- the workpiece may be continuously or intermittently rotated by operating motor 56. While one workpiece is under treatment, the assembly 54 which is outside the tub, may have a workpiece which has already been treated removed and a fresh workpiece fitted.
- tub walls instead of being vertical as shown, may be incurved or otherwise shaped. Instead of being stationary, they may be rotated at a speed different from that of the platform, or in the reverse direction.
- vertical stationary walls have the advantage of simplicity and have been found in practice to give good results.
- liquid may be forced upwardly into the tub through the said gap.
- the rotating platform may itself serve as the rotor of a pump for producing such liquid flow, a liquid reservoir being provided below the platform and pump vanes being carried on the underside of the platform.
- Apparatus in accordance with the invention can also be used to carry out dry finishing treatments; when so treating workpieces of some materials a substantial amount of powder may be produced and to allow this powder to escape the walls of the tub may be perforated.
- a method of finishing workpieces by immersing the workpieces in a mass of particulate abrasive media and causing relative movement between workpieces and media, characterised in that the media is maintained in movement by imparting to it a rapid rotation about a substantially vertical axis, so that under the influence of centrifugal force the media flows outwardly and upwardly, and by returning the media inwardly and downwardly above the outwardly flowing stream, so that the mass of media assumes a toroidal form with individual particles of the media travelling helically around the toroid.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB522766A GB1166864A (en) | 1966-02-07 | 1966-02-07 | Improvements in or relating to The Surface Treatment of Workpieces |
NL6701422A NL6701422A (de) | 1966-02-07 | 1967-01-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3435565A true US3435565A (en) | 1969-04-01 |
Family
ID=26239736
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US613626A Expired - Lifetime US3435565A (en) | 1966-02-07 | 1967-02-02 | Surface treatment of workpieces |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3435565A (de) |
NL (1) | NL6701422A (de) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USB311910I5 (de) * | 1971-12-02 | 1975-01-28 | ||
US3990188A (en) * | 1975-05-02 | 1976-11-09 | Roto-Finish Company | Finishing apparatus having gyrational and rotational motion-producing components |
US4026075A (en) * | 1975-05-02 | 1977-05-31 | Roto-Finish Company | Finishing method with gyrational and rotational motion-producing components |
US4177608A (en) * | 1978-01-16 | 1979-12-11 | Roto-Finish Company, Inc. | Finishing apparatus embodying improved seal and method |
US4408417A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1983-10-11 | Shikishima Tipton Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Fully automatic barrel finishing machine |
EP0205161A2 (de) * | 1985-06-11 | 1986-12-17 | Rösler Gleitschlifftechnik Maschinenbau und Technische Keramik GmbH | Fliehkraft-Gleitschliffmaschine |
US4850151A (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1989-07-25 | Spaleck GmbH & Co. KG Max | Centrifugal treatment apparatus |
DE3890883C2 (de) * | 1987-10-06 | 1993-10-21 | Roto Finish Co | Fliehkraft-Gleitschliff-Maschine |
US5271184A (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1993-12-21 | Majors Curtis O | Vibratory finishing apparatus for hollow cylindrical and other large or groupings of articles |
US5375377A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1994-12-27 | Nova Finishing Systems, Inc. | Internal tray for a vibratory mill |
WO1995021725A1 (de) * | 1994-02-09 | 1995-08-17 | Dr.-Ing. Manfrid Dreher Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fliehkraft-gleitschleifmaschine |
WO2015027310A1 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Mds Coating Technologies Corp. | Airfoil masking tool and method of polishing an airfoil |
US10406650B2 (en) | 2013-08-28 | 2019-09-10 | Mds Coating Technologies Corp. | Airfoil masking tool and method of polishing an airfoil |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1647249A (en) * | 1924-12-22 | 1927-11-01 | Hartstoffmetall Ag | Rounding of metallic-powder particles |
US3173664A (en) * | 1963-07-01 | 1965-03-16 | Isaacson | Vibrator |
US3392925A (en) * | 1964-02-07 | 1968-07-16 | Us Stoneware Inc | Vibratory mill |
-
1967
- 1967-01-30 NL NL6701422A patent/NL6701422A/xx unknown
- 1967-02-02 US US613626A patent/US3435565A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1647249A (en) * | 1924-12-22 | 1927-11-01 | Hartstoffmetall Ag | Rounding of metallic-powder particles |
US3173664A (en) * | 1963-07-01 | 1965-03-16 | Isaacson | Vibrator |
US3392925A (en) * | 1964-02-07 | 1968-07-16 | Us Stoneware Inc | Vibratory mill |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USB311910I5 (de) * | 1971-12-02 | 1975-01-28 | ||
US3924357A (en) * | 1971-12-02 | 1975-12-09 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Device for deburring work pieces |
US3990188A (en) * | 1975-05-02 | 1976-11-09 | Roto-Finish Company | Finishing apparatus having gyrational and rotational motion-producing components |
US4026075A (en) * | 1975-05-02 | 1977-05-31 | Roto-Finish Company | Finishing method with gyrational and rotational motion-producing components |
US4177608A (en) * | 1978-01-16 | 1979-12-11 | Roto-Finish Company, Inc. | Finishing apparatus embodying improved seal and method |
US4408417A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1983-10-11 | Shikishima Tipton Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Fully automatic barrel finishing machine |
EP0205161A2 (de) * | 1985-06-11 | 1986-12-17 | Rösler Gleitschlifftechnik Maschinenbau und Technische Keramik GmbH | Fliehkraft-Gleitschliffmaschine |
EP0205161A3 (de) * | 1985-06-11 | 1989-02-08 | Rösler Gleitschlifftechnik Maschinenbau und Technische Keramik GmbH | Fliehkraft-Gleitschliffmaschine |
US4850151A (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1989-07-25 | Spaleck GmbH & Co. KG Max | Centrifugal treatment apparatus |
DE3890883C2 (de) * | 1987-10-06 | 1993-10-21 | Roto Finish Co | Fliehkraft-Gleitschliff-Maschine |
US5375377A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1994-12-27 | Nova Finishing Systems, Inc. | Internal tray for a vibratory mill |
US5271184A (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1993-12-21 | Majors Curtis O | Vibratory finishing apparatus for hollow cylindrical and other large or groupings of articles |
WO1995021725A1 (de) * | 1994-02-09 | 1995-08-17 | Dr.-Ing. Manfrid Dreher Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fliehkraft-gleitschleifmaschine |
WO2015027310A1 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Mds Coating Technologies Corp. | Airfoil masking tool and method of polishing an airfoil |
US10406650B2 (en) | 2013-08-28 | 2019-09-10 | Mds Coating Technologies Corp. | Airfoil masking tool and method of polishing an airfoil |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL6701422A (de) | 1968-07-31 |
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