US3433157A - Practice projectile - Google Patents

Practice projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
US3433157A
US3433157A US606162A US3433157DA US3433157A US 3433157 A US3433157 A US 3433157A US 606162 A US606162 A US 606162A US 3433157D A US3433157D A US 3433157DA US 3433157 A US3433157 A US 3433157A
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United States
Prior art keywords
projectile
calibre
barrel
sub
small
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US606162A
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English (en)
Inventor
Erich Joch
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Publication date
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Publication of US3433157A publication Critical patent/US3433157A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/02—Cartridges
    • F42B8/10—Cartridges with sub-calibre adaptor

Definitions

  • PRACTICE PROJECTILE Filed Dec. 50, 1966 INVENTOR ERICH JOCH ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,433,157 PRACTICE PROJECTILE Erich Joch, Bensberg-Refrath, Germany, assignor to Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft, Troisdorf, Germany Filed Dec. 30, 1966, Ser. No. 606,162 Claims priority, application Germany, Dec. 31, 1965,
  • the present disclosure relates to a practice projectile that will fire from the barrel of a weapon in the manner of live ammunition, will partially disintegrate upon ejection from the barrel, hit the target with a simulated live projectile, and have a greatly reduced range of danger.
  • the projectile includes a large calibre projectile that will readily disintegrate upon leaving the corresponding calibre barrel of the weapon and a small calibre projectile that will be guided along and projected from a sub-calibre barrel centrally arranged within the large calibre projectile.
  • the small calibre projectile will receive its motive force through orifices in the rear of the large calibre projectile from the propellant gases so that it will leave the subcalibre barrel around the time that the large calibre projectile leaves the barrel of the weapon.
  • the rigid, small calibre projectile will then travel the trajectory to strike the target to simulate the effect of live ammunition.
  • the large calibre projectile is constructed with an outer thin walled case and inner sub-calibre barrel forming tube of a synthetic polymer; the space between these two elements is filled with particulate material.
  • target projectiles particularly constructed from synthetic resin or synthetic polymers
  • target projectiles for shooting in a danger range that is substantially reduced as compared to live ammunition. While the desired result of a reduced range is obtained with this type of prior art projectile, the desired above-mentioned effects within the weapon, particularly a heavy automatic weapon with automatic recoil mechanisms, is either not obtained or at best obtained only to an unsatisfactory degree usually as a result of additional complex and expensive modifications of the weapon.
  • a disintegrating type projectile that will produce the desired above-mentioned effects within the barrel of the weapon, but no impact effect is produced with a target because the projectile disintegrates to a large degree while still within the barrel or shortly before emerging from the barrel.
  • the projectile of the present invention that employs a relatively large calibre projectile having an outer synthetic polymer thin walled case and an inner thin walled synthetic polymer tube, with the space therebetween filled with particle type material, preferably metal powder, metal shavings, or the like that are usually disintegrated under the large forces encountered during firing shortly before the projectile leaves the barrel of the weapon or shortly thereafter.
  • the tube is centrally located to form a central axial sub-calibre barrel open at the forward end and covered at the rear end except for relatively small orifices or apertures to throttle and admit propellant gases into the rear end of the subcalibre barrel.
  • a sub-calibre or relatively small calibre solid projectile or live ammunition is provided in the rear end of the sub-calibre barrel; the small calibre projectile may be constructed of metal, a synthetic polymer or other suitable materials.
  • the relatively large, heavy projectile of the present invention will completely assure the automatic operation of the weapon, particularly a weapon having automatic recoil mechanisms, because the projectile may be designed to have the same weight and other barrel characteristics as the live ammunition designed for the weapon.
  • the inserted relatively small calibre solid projectile will be guided by and projected from the subcalibre barrel of the large calibre projectile to produce an impact effect upon the target to truly simulate the live ammunition only within a substantially reduced danger range as compared to the live ammunition designed for the weapon.
  • the projectile is designed so that the small calibre solid projectile is carried within the readily disintegratable large calibre projectile to within a short distance from the front of the weapon muzzle before it begins its own free flight after leaving the sub-calibre barrel of the large calibre projectile. Therefore, with this preferred construction it is assured that the small calibre projectile, which is very light when compared with the live projectile designed for the weapon, is securely guided within the weapon barrel up to about the muzzle thereof. Thus, there is no danger that the small calibre solid projectile will be deflected from its predetermined flight trajectory by passing gases while still being contained within the barrel of the weapon, which might result that it is struck against the inner weapon barrel wall where it could be smashed.
  • the sub-calibre barrel may be provided with rifling or guiding grooves for rotating the small calibre projectile to improve its stability during flight.
  • the larger calibre projectile may be constructed as a unitary or multi-part readily disintegratable body so that these grooves may be made directly in the walls forming the sub-calibre barrel to thus eliminate any special lining or tube for the sub-calibre barrel.
  • the disintegratable charge is loosely accommodated within a thin-walled chamber producing a lining for the subcalibre barrel, which may be provided with the rifling or grooves mentioned above.
  • this chamber and sub-calibre barrel is formed with a thin-walled synthetic polymer tube for construction economy and improved stability within the weapon barrel.
  • the small calibre projectile is provided with a coating of soft material, particularly a soft synthetic polymer, so that it will readily interengage with the grooves of the sub-calibre barrel to assure the faultless rotation of the small calibre projectile by the rifiing.
  • the propulsion of the small calibre solid projectile in the sub-calibre barrel of the readily disintegratable large calibre projectile may be influenced to a large extent and in the desired manner by appropriately dimensioning the orifice means or bores in the bottom of the large calibre projectile case to correspondingly change the throttling of the propulsion gases into the sub-calibre barrel.
  • Additional bores may be provided for introducing propellant gases into the rear end of the sub-calibre bore; particularly desirable results are obtained when these bores open into the side walls of the sub-calibre barrel immediately adjacent the sealing portions of the small calibre solid projectile so that these bores are not opened for conducting gases until the small calibre projectile has moved forwardly a substantial distance in the sub-calibre barrel.
  • these bores may be rendered inoperative until a predetermined time after ignition, by providing a delay combustible composition that will burn off at a controlled desired rate to open the bore for the passage of propellant gases into the sub-calibre barrel after a desired controlled delay period of time. Therefore, the propulsion characteristics of the sub-calibre or small calibre projectile may be accurately adjusted and controlled.
  • polyvinyl chloride An example of a synthetic polymer is polyvinyl chloride.
  • various elements of the present invention may be constructed of a synthetic polymer for ease of molding, destructibility, economy and efficiency.
  • the target projectile of the present invention consists of a relatively large calibre readily disintegratable projectile and a relatively small calibre relatively rigid projectile contained therein.
  • the relatively large calibre projectile comprises an outer synthetic polymer case 1 that has a plurality of sealing rings on its outer periphery adjacent it rear end for providing sealing engagement with the walls of the weapon barrel to prevent the escape of the propulsion gases past the projectile.
  • the forward end of the case 1 is closed with and sealed with the forward end of a synthetic polymer thin-walled tube 2, which forms the sub-calibre barrel for guiding the small calibre projectile.
  • the tube 2 and case 1 are closed by a cover or caplike constructed bottom 7 except for an axially extending centrally located orifice or bore 8 communicating with the sub-calibre barrel.
  • the space or chamber formed by the case 1, tube 2, and bottom 7 is filled with loose particles of relatively heavy material, for example, metal shavings, which are at most only loosely bonded together.
  • this particle material is bonded into several separate annular blocks 6.
  • An additional orifice or bore 9 is provided to extend at an angle through the bottom 7, the rearmost portion of the particle material 6 and the side wall of the tube 2 to provide communication between the outside rear of the projectile and the rear interior of the sub-calibre barrel; this bore 9 is filled with a delaying composition that will burn upon ignition to open up the bore after a controlled period of time after ignition.
  • the tip or forward end of the projectile is reinforced by an integral molded thickening of the synthetic polymer case 1 as shown at 4 or alternatively by a separate synthetic polymer insert as shown in the left-hand side opposite the reinforcement 4; thus, two embodiments have been shown in the drawing for purposes of simplicity.
  • the relatively small calibre solid projectile 5 is accommodated within the rear end of the sub-calibre barrel formed by the tube 2.
  • the projectile 5 is formed as a conventionally shaped projectile and may be constructed of a synthetic polymer, metal or like material.
  • the propellant gases which develop from the ignited propellant charge (not shown) will form hehind the projectile to drive the projectile, that is, the large calibre projectile and small calibre projectile as a unit, forwardly in the barrel of the weapon (not shown) by the reaction of the pressure against the bottom 7.
  • An amount of the propellant gas that is determined by the size and shape of the throttling bore 8 enters the rear end of the sub-calibre barrel at a controlled rate to thereby drive the small calibre solid projectile 5 forwardly within the sub-calibre barrel formed by the tube 2.
  • the propulsion of the small calibre projectile may be adjusted and varied by a suitable design of the orifice 8.
  • the delaying composition within the slanted bore 9 is ignited and burns over a predetermined delay period, after which the bore 9 is opened to allow the entrance of the hot propellant gases, which will then provide an additional impulse to the bullet 5 for its desired final projection from the sub-calibre barrel. It is highly advantageous to provide the opening of the slanted bore 9 adjacent the sealing surface of the small calibre projectile 5 so that this bore 9 will not be opened until the small calibre projectile 5 has moved a substantial distance forwardly in the sub-calibre barrel formed by the tube 2.
  • the large calibre projectile and the relatively small calibre projectile 5 together close off the barrel of the weapon (not shown) with respect to the propellant gases until the projectiles have arrived approximately at the muzzle of the weapon so that the pressure of the propellant gases will act with their full force for the propulsion of the movable parts, that is, provide the necessary recoil for the actuation of the automatic mechanisms of the automatic weapon, particularly a heavy automatic weapon.
  • the flight range or trajectory of the small calibre projectile 5 by corresponding design or choice of the associated structure, for example, by a correlation between the cross-sectional dimensions of the relatively large calibre projectile and the relatively small calibre solid projectile 5, by the dimensions of the bore or orifice 8, by the number and dimensions of the bores or orifices 9, by the placement of the bores 9, by the selection of the delaying composition within the bore 9, and by a selection of the particular material used to construct the relatively small calibre projectile 5 to change its weight.
  • a practice projectile with an axis for practice firing from the normal barrel of a firearm in its axial direction under the infiuence of a separate motive force to strike a target within a reduced danger range and produce barrel firing efiects substantially the same as live ammunition comprising: large caliber projectile means of readily destnuctible construction for firing and for thereafter disintegrating within the close proximity of the firearm muzzle before striking a target; small caliber projectile means of relatively rigid construction, with respect to said large caliber projectile means, mounted within said large caliber projectile means for separating from said large caliber projectile means after firing to travel intact separately to the target independently of said large caliber projectile means; said large caliber projectile means having a central sub-caliber barrel means extending in the axial direction at least twice as far as said small caliber projectile means and being of uniform diameter substantially equal to the external diameter of said small caliber projectile means for guiding said small caliber projectile means; said small caliber projectile means being mounted in said sub-caliber barrel means.
  • said sub-calibre barrel means extending forwardly without restriction to and opening to the atmosphere at the forwardmost axial end of said large calibre projectile means; said sub-calibre barrel means extending rearwardly substantially without restriction to within close proximity to the rearwardmost axial end of said large calibre projectile means for guiding said small calibre projectile means during its separation from said large calibre projectile; said small calibre projectile means being mounted in the rearmost portion of said sub-calibre lbarrel; said large calibre projectile means having orifice means forming flow restricting gas passage for establishing fluid communication between said sub-calibre barrel rearwardly of said calibre projectile means and the exterior of the projectile at its rearward end, and for throttling the propulsion gases for said large calibre projection means and conducting them to the rear of said small calibre projectile means for providing the motive force to propel said small calibre projectile means forwardly along and out of said sub-calibre barrel.
  • said orifice means including a plurality of bores uniformly distributed around and extending completely through the rear portion of said large calibre projectile means.
  • said orifice means including at least one bore being filled with a com bustile composition means for closing the corresponding bore only for a predetermined time after initial firing of the projectile to conduct propellant gases to said small calibre projectile means only after said large calibre projectile means has moved at least a substantial distance forwardly in the said sub-calibre barrel.
  • said orifice means including at least one passage means extending completely through the rear portion of said large calibre projectile means and having an opening in said sub-calibre barrel means immediately adjacent and aligned with the sealing portion of said small calibre projectile for conducting propellant gases into said sub-calibre barrel means only after said small calibre projectile has moved a substantial distance forward within said sub-calibre barrel means to open said opening.
  • said small calibre projectile means having a coating on its exterior that is substantially softer than the remainder of said small calibre projectile means.
  • said large calibre projectile means comprises a substantially tubula relatively thin-walled synthetic polymer case closed at one end except for said sub-calibre barrel means; a synthetic polymer relatively thin walled tube forming said sub-calibre barrel means; additional synthetic polymer material between said case and tube in the vicinity of and reinforcing the forwand end of said large calibre projectile means; means closing the rearward end between said tube and said case; particulate material at most loosely bound together filling substantially the entire space between said case, said tube and said closing means; and synthetic polymer annular sealing ring means on the circumferential exterior of said case for providing annular sealing engagement with the barrel of the weapon.
  • a practice projectile with an axis for practice firing from the normal barrel of a firearm in its axial direction under the influence of a separate motive force to strike a target within a reduced danger range and produce barrel firing eifects substantially the same as live ammunition comprising: large caliber projectile means of readily destructible construction 'for firing and for thereafter disintegrating within the close proximity of the firearm muzzle [before striking a target; small caliber projectile means of relatively rigid construction, with respect to said lange caliber means, mounted within said large caliber projectile means for separating from said large caliber projectile means after firing to travel intact separately to the target independently of said large caliber projectile means; said large caliber projectile means having a central sub-caliber barrel means extending in the axial direction and being of uniform diameter substantially equal to the external diameter of said small caliber projectile means for guiding said small caliber projectile means; said small caliber projectile means being mounted in said sub-caliber barrel means; said large caliber projectile means comprises a substantially tulbular relatively thin-walled synthetic poly
  • a practice projectile with an axis for practice firing from the normal barrel of a firearm in its axial direction under the influence of a separate motive force to strike a target within a reduced danger range and produce lbarrel firing effects substantially the same as live ammunition comprising: large caliber projectile means of readily destructible construction for firing and for thereafter disintegrating within the close proximity of the firearm muzzle before striking a target; small caliber projectile means of relatively rigid construction, with respect to said large caliber means, mounted within said large caliber projectile means for separating from said large caliber projectile means after firing to travel intact separately to the target independently of said large caliber projectile means; said large caliber projectile means having a central subcaliber Ibarrel means extending in the axial direction and (being of uniform diameter substantially equal to the external diam eter of said small caliber projectile means for guiding saidsmall caliber projectile means; said small caliber projectile means being mounted in said sub-caliber barrel means; a plurality of rifling groove means on the inside of said subcaliber
  • said small calibre projectile means having a coating on its exterior that is substantially softer than the remainder of said small calibre projectle means.
  • said large calibre projectile means comprises a substantially tubular relatively thin-walled synthetic polymer case closed at one end except for said sub-calibre barrel means; a synthetic polymer relatively thin walled tube forming said subcali'bre barrel means; additional synthetic polymer material between said case and tube in the vicinity of and reinforcing the forward end of said large calibre projectile means; means closing the rearward end between said tube and said case; particulate material at most loosely bound together filling substantially the entire space between said case, said tube and said closing means; and synthetic polymer annular sealing ring means on the circumferential exterior of said case for providing annular sealing engagement with the barrel of the weapon.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
US606162A 1965-12-31 1966-12-30 Practice projectile Expired - Lifetime US3433157A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED49056A DE1296999B (de) 1965-12-31 1965-12-31 UEbungspatrone

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US3433157A true US3433157A (en) 1969-03-18

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US606162A Expired - Lifetime US3433157A (en) 1965-12-31 1966-12-30 Practice projectile

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US (1) US3433157A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE691941A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1296999B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES335054A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1507016A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1164741A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6618435A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4384528A (en) * 1980-04-07 1983-05-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Duplex round
US4706569A (en) * 1979-12-03 1987-11-17 Rheinmetall Gmbh Armor breaking projectile
US5375529A (en) * 1991-10-18 1994-12-27 Snc Industrial Technologies Inc./Les Technologies Industrielles Snc Inc. Prefragmenting munitions
US20250093138A1 (en) * 2023-09-15 2025-03-20 Cameron Scott WALES Reverse-saboted sidearm systems, and related sidearms, ammunition, and methods

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2557293A1 (de) * 1975-12-19 1977-06-30 Dynamit Nobel Ag Uebungsgeschoss

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1039919A (fr) * 1950-08-05 1953-10-12 Fu R Die Entwicklung Von Erfin Dispositif d'instruction et d'entraînement au tir
US2786415A (en) * 1951-06-15 1957-03-26 William D Alderson Mortar training device
US2820412A (en) * 1948-10-20 1958-01-21 Jr Reinier Beeuwkes Projectile for firearms
US3085509A (en) * 1960-01-15 1963-04-16 Energa Practice grenade
US3170405A (en) * 1962-03-17 1965-02-23 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Disintegrating training ammunition for firearms

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE726768C (de) * 1937-07-24 1942-10-20 E H Adolf Wirtz Dr Ing Schutzueberzug fuer Exerziermunition
NL84763C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1950-08-18
US2674923A (en) * 1951-07-31 1954-04-13 Energa Instruction device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2820412A (en) * 1948-10-20 1958-01-21 Jr Reinier Beeuwkes Projectile for firearms
FR1039919A (fr) * 1950-08-05 1953-10-12 Fu R Die Entwicklung Von Erfin Dispositif d'instruction et d'entraînement au tir
US2786415A (en) * 1951-06-15 1957-03-26 William D Alderson Mortar training device
US3085509A (en) * 1960-01-15 1963-04-16 Energa Practice grenade
US3170405A (en) * 1962-03-17 1965-02-23 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Disintegrating training ammunition for firearms

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4706569A (en) * 1979-12-03 1987-11-17 Rheinmetall Gmbh Armor breaking projectile
US4384528A (en) * 1980-04-07 1983-05-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Duplex round
US5375529A (en) * 1991-10-18 1994-12-27 Snc Industrial Technologies Inc./Les Technologies Industrielles Snc Inc. Prefragmenting munitions
US20250093138A1 (en) * 2023-09-15 2025-03-20 Cameron Scott WALES Reverse-saboted sidearm systems, and related sidearms, ammunition, and methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6618435A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-07-03
DE1296999B (de) 1969-06-04
ES335054A1 (es) 1967-11-16
BE691941A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-05-29
GB1164741A (en) 1969-09-17
FR1507016A (fr) 1967-12-22

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