US3429698A - Iridium alloy - Google Patents
Iridium alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3429698A US3429698A US566211A US3429698DA US3429698A US 3429698 A US3429698 A US 3429698A US 566211 A US566211 A US 566211A US 3429698D A US3429698D A US 3429698DA US 3429698 A US3429698 A US 3429698A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iridium
- alloy
- columbium
- new
- alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000575 Ir alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 51
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 51
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 25
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- POJBNBLWLAGEAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium niobium Chemical compound [Nb].[Ir] POJBNBLWLAGEAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] Chemical class [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to iridium alloys and, more particularly, to iridium alloys having high recrystallization temperatures.
- iridium has a very high melting point (about 2443 C.), good resistance to oxidation at temperatures up to 600 C. or 1000 C. and excellent resistance to corrosion by a wide variety of media, including the common mineral acids, the halogens, molten optical glasses of the leaded types, many fused salts or oxides and a number of molten metals.
- unalloyed iridium such as commercially pure iridium, has undesirably low strength and recrystallizes at undesirably low temperatures, e.g. 800 C. Such recrystallization often results in coarse-grained microstructures and accompanying poor ductility, particularly in weldments.
- Iridium is obtained from concentrates of metals of the platinum group, themselves often obtained as by-products in the recovery of nickel from its ores, Commercially pure iridium may accordingly contain small amounts of impurities including palladium, platinum, rhodium, iron and nickel in amounts up to 0.5% each, though normally it is at least 98% pure and indeed generally 99.8% pure.
- a typical analysis of commercially pure iridium is 0.02% platinum, 0.04% palladium, 0.03% rhodium, 0.000l% lead, 0.05% iron, 0.001% nickel and the balance iridium.
- iridium alloy that could be worked into wrought products such as sheet, rod, wire, etc. having a greater tensile strength and a higher recrystallizing temperature than are characteristic of unalloyed forms of iridium, e.g., commercially pure iridium. Additional considerations, for some fabricating purposes, are needs for iridium alloy wrought products having good weldability and weld ductility, Heretofore, attempts have been made to overcome some of the undesired characteristics of irridum by incorporating alloying elements therein.
- Another object of the invention is to provide new iridium-base alloy wrought products including sheet, strip, rod, wire and the like.
- the present invention is directed to a new alloy containing about 0.1% to about 2% columbium and balance essentially iridium.
- the alloy can be made by combining columbium with commercially pure iridium and thus may contain small amounts of impurities typically present in commercially pure iridium, e.g. platinum, palladium, rhodium, iron and nickel.
- impurities typically present in commercially pure iridium, e.g. platinum, palladium, rhodium, iron and nickel.
- certain impurities which are sometimes, but not typically, found in commercially pure iridium are detrimental to ductility of iridium.
- Lead, gold, silver and bismuth are such detrimental impurities and the amount of each of these elements, if present, in the new alloy should not exceed 0.05% each in order for good ductility to be obtained.
- the alloy contains at least 0.25% columbium, e.g. 0.25% to 1% columbium, since then the temperature of recrystallization, i.e. the minimum temperature for recrystallization, is about 1000 C. or higher. Embodiments containing about 1% columbium are particularly suitable.
- the new alloy is a single phase alloy. If the columbium content is excessively greater than 2%, a two-phase alloy, which is not in accordance with the invention, with inferior properties may be obtained and be unworkable.
- the new alloy can be butt-welded with a tungsten arc and thus-welded specimens in 0.02 inch sheet can subsequently be bent around a mandrel of 1 A" radius whereas an identical joint in pure iridium fractures.
- Sheets of iridium alloys according to the invention have tensile strengths of about 20 long tons (2240 pounds) per square inch and higher in the as-rolled state. After being welded, sheets of the alloy have shown a strength of about 15 to 18 long tons per square inch (t.s.i.). Wire of iridium alloy according to the invention has excellent tensile strength at an elevated temperature, fopexample 1000 C".
- the alloy may be made by melting iridium in a zirconia crucible in an atmosphere of argon, adding to the molten iridium a sintered compact of mixed iridium and columbium powders containing the requisite amount of columbium, and reheating the crucible to above the melting point of the metal in it,
- the resulting ingots may be forged or otherwise hotworked in the temperature range of 1500 C. to 1600 C. Once the alloy has been forged, working at lower temperatures is possible and the heavily worked alloy is readily worked at room temperature.
- alloys 1 through 5 Five iridium-columbium alloys of the invention, referred to hereinafter as alloys 1 through 5, were prepared from high purity iridium powder and columbium powder by mixing the requisite proportions of powders, compressing'the mixtures isostatically, sintering at 1700 C. for
- alloys A and B which contained 3.0% and 5.0% columbium respectively, with the balance being iridium, and which were not in accordance with the alloy composition of the invention, could not be worked to sheet form after being made into ingots by the same techniques used for alloys 1 through 5. Alloy A was severely cracked after forging and broke up in rolling. Alloy B was very brittle and broke on forging.
- Bal Balanee, which also includes tolerable amounts of impurities such as up to 0.1% of each of platinum, palladium, and rhodium. 7 5
- Butt-weld joints were made successfully with sheet of each of alloys 1 through 5 using nonconsumable electrode argon-arc techniques. Improved weld ductility was obtained with alloys containing 0.1% to 0.25% columbium and balance iridium.
- composition containing about 1% columbium e.g. about 0.75% to 1.5% columbium, is advantageous.
- the high recrystallization temperature of the new alloy enables the alloy to be warm-worked at 1100 C. to increase the room temperature ultimate tensile strength to at least about t.s.i., advantageously at least t.s.i. when the alloy contains about 1% or more columbium, e.g. 1% to 1.5 columbium.
- Ultimate tensile strength of unalloyed iridium when worked at 1100 C. is as low as 10 t.s.i.
- the new alloy is warm worked and then recrystallized, e.g. by annealing at 1500 C. or by welding, the microstructure thus developed is of smaller grain size than the microstructure usually present in unalloyed iridium.
- the alloy of the present invention can be produced in the form of sheet, strip, rod and wire, which can be used for making crucibles, springs, electrodes for sparking plugs and similar devices for use at elevated temperature.
- the new alloy is particularly useful for making crucibles that can be employed in fusing high-purity semiconductor materials, e.g. semiconductors containing columbium oxide, of types which must be maintained essentially devoid of quadrivalent elements such as titanium and zirconium.
- a wrought iridium-base alloy product as set forth in claim 1 containing 0.75% to 1.5 columbium.
- a wrought product as set forth in claim 1 containing 0.25% to 1.75% colurnbium.
- a Wrought product as set forth in claim 1 containing about 1% to 1.5% columbium.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB34587/65A GB1082078A (en) | 1965-08-12 | 1965-08-12 | Iridium alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3429698A true US3429698A (en) | 1969-02-25 |
Family
ID=10367486
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US566211A Expired - Lifetime US3429698A (en) | 1965-08-12 | 1966-07-19 | Iridium alloy |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3429698A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1282979B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1082078A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL6611367A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0732416A1 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-09-18 | National Research Institute For Metals | Refractory superalloys |
-
1965
- 1965-08-12 GB GB34587/65A patent/GB1082078A/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-07-19 US US566211A patent/US3429698A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-08-09 DE DEJ31505A patent/DE1282979B/de active Pending
- 1966-08-12 NL NL6611367A patent/NL6611367A/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0732416A1 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-09-18 | National Research Institute For Metals | Refractory superalloys |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1082078A (en) | 1967-09-06 |
| DE1282979B (de) | 1968-11-14 |
| NL6611367A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1967-02-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3438770A (en) | Brazing alloy of improved workability containing nickel and palladium | |
| US3366478A (en) | Cobalt-base sheet alloy | |
| CA2130121A1 (en) | Alloys of molybdenum, rhenium and tungsten | |
| JPH0754079A (ja) | 導電性および強度を兼備した銅合金 | |
| Ham | An introduction to arc-cast molybdenum and its alloys | |
| JPH01168837A (ja) | 高モリブデンニッケル基合金 | |
| US3156560A (en) | Ductile niobium and tantalum alloys | |
| US3207599A (en) | Nickel-chromium-cobalt alloys | |
| US3293031A (en) | Ductile iridium alloy | |
| US2287888A (en) | Manganese-base alloys | |
| US3429698A (en) | Iridium alloy | |
| US3918965A (en) | Iridium-hafnium alloy | |
| US3379520A (en) | Tantalum-base alloys | |
| US3243290A (en) | Tantalum base alloy | |
| US3166414A (en) | Tantalum base alloys | |
| US2883284A (en) | Molybdenum base alloys | |
| US3249429A (en) | Tantalum brazing alloy | |
| US3791821A (en) | Tantalum base alloys | |
| US3086859A (en) | Columbium base alloys | |
| US3390983A (en) | Tantalum base alloys | |
| US3140943A (en) | Tantalum base alloys | |
| US3505064A (en) | Hafnium alloy | |
| US3181946A (en) | Columbium base alloys | |
| US2839396A (en) | Alloy | |
| Ammon et al. | Pilot production and evaluation of tantalum alloy sheet |