US3427002A - Process and apparatus for mixing viscous liquids - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for mixing viscous liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
US3427002A
US3427002A US652560A US3427002DA US3427002A US 3427002 A US3427002 A US 3427002A US 652560 A US652560 A US 652560A US 3427002D A US3427002D A US 3427002DA US 3427002 A US3427002 A US 3427002A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sub
flow
series
flows
liquid
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US652560A
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English (en)
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Frank Wilding
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/45—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing
    • B01F23/452—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing by uniting flows taken from different parts of a receptacle or silo; Sandglass-type mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
    • B01F25/4323—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa using elements provided with a plurality of channels or using a plurality of tubes which can either be placed between common spaces or collectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the mixing of viscous liquids, that is of liquids of which the viscosity is sufciently high that under practical conditions their flow is laminar and turbulence is absent.
  • An object of our invention is the improvement of the homogeneity of a plurality of liquids or of a liquid having a plurality of disparate parts.
  • improvement of the homegeneity we mean increasing the likelihood that a particular sample portion of the ow taken at random will have the same average composition or other characteristics as any other sample taken at random.
  • improvement in homogeneity will consist in the thinning out of adjacent layers of the liquids, the properties of adjacent layers tending to be dissimilar.
  • similarity is the similarity between the average composition over the Various sections of the crosssection of the combined flow from the apparatus.
  • zones differing in respect of a secondary characteristic, for example temperature or content of a thermal degradation product rather than in respect of chemical nature.
  • the object of our invention is achieved by the splitting of a composite laminar ow comprising a plurality of liquids or a liquid having a plurality of disparate parts into more than two sub-flows or more than two series of su'b-ilows each sub-ow containing approximately the same proportion of each of the liquids or disparate parts of the liquid as any other sub-flow and combining the sub-llows or the series of sub-Hows severally.
  • a sub-flow or series of subflows is added individually to another sub-flow or to a combination of sub-flows.
  • the order of combination is optional.
  • all of the sub-flows of a series will be comlbi1-led simultaneously with another series or combination of series.
  • One or more of the series may consist of one sub-How.
  • the disposition in the flow of the plurality of liquids or disparate parts of a liquid is preferably arranged to be symmetrical in cross-section in order that the splitting of the sum of the llows into Vsub-flows or series of sub-llows each containing approximately the same proportion of each of the liquids or each of the disparate parts, shall be facilitated.
  • the sum of flows is in the form of skin and core
  • such splitting of the sum of ilows may be facilitated by attenuating the sum of the flows to form annular flows prior to separation into Subflows.
  • the sum of the flows is side-byside, such splitting of the sum of the flows may be facilitated by attenuating to a thin sheet of flow prior to separation.
  • each sub-llow carries approximately the same volume of each liquid or disparate parts of a liquid as any other sub-flow or of which each series of sub-flows carries the same volume of each liquid or disparate parts of a liquid as any other series of sub-flows.
  • This can be achieved according to known principles of compensating longer paths by correspondingly wider bores or by arranging to have a greater number of sub-Hows in a series wherein the path is longer.
  • the order of combination may, for example, be 2 added to l, 3 added to 1+2, 4 added to 1-l-2-i-3 and s0 on, or the order can be staggered, for example, 5 added to 1, 2 added to l-i-S, 6 added to 1+2
  • each member of the series is, of course, combined simultaneously, but each member of the series should be combined with the ow comprising another series or combination of ⁇ series at as disparate points as possible.
  • the point of addition of the sub-flows to another llow may be on the center-line or on the periphery or at any point intermediate between the centre-line and the periphery of the space wherein combination takes place.
  • the various sub-flows may be added at points on a line parallel to the centre-line, otherwise the addition of the sub-flows may, for example, be at different points on the periphery of the cross-section.
  • the space in which combination of the sub-flows is effective may beof such coniiguration, that is of progressively increasing cross-section, that the linear flow is substantially constant throughout the Zone wherein the sub-ows are combined despite the gradually increasing volumetric flow.
  • the process of our invention is suitable for the mixing of liquids of gradually varying properties throughout their mass, for example of melts handled in the melt-spinning of libre-forming polymers, or for the mixing of more than one liquid.
  • Any or all of the liquids subjected to the mixing treatment may be a solution or a dispersion.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a partially cut-away perspective view of a mixing device having 16 sub-flows.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a cross-section through the long axis of the mixing device of FIGURE 1 showing the course of the ow of one of the sub-flows.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a mixing device fabricated from a series of metal washers.
  • FIGURE 4 shows an end view of the device of FIG- URE 3 from the end distant from the cone.
  • FIGURE 5 shows a washer with segment removed.
  • a tube 6 (of internal diameter 0.5 inch) communicates with a passageway delineated by a flared tube 7 and a solid conical body 8; the end of the passageway 10 distant from the tube 6 communi- Cates with sixteen smaller passageways 9 disposed parallel to the axis of the tube 6 the shortest passageway being 5/s inch in length and the length of successive passageways 9 increasing by Ms inch progressively around the periphery.
  • Each of the smaller passageways 9 communi- Cates at its end distant from the passageway 10 with a radial passageway of 1%; of an inch in length .and with circular cross-section of 716 inch diameter, communicating in turn with the central passageway 11 and thence to the exit tube 16.
  • the smaller passageways 9 are each composed of a groove JAG inch deep and /l@ inch wide in the periphery 13 of the inner annulus 17 and in part bounded by a portion of the inner wall of the outer annulus 12.
  • the radial communicating passageways 15 are bored through the inner annulus 17.
  • Example 1 In a particular experiment, there was fed to the tube 6 a tlow composed of a core of a liquid of viscosity 3,000 poises under the conditions of operation and in which had been dissolved 0.1% by weight of a blue dyestuff surrounded by an annulus of the liquid containing no dyestuff.
  • the volumetric ows of the dyestuff-containing and colourless liquid were in the ratio 4:21.
  • the composite flow after passage through the mixing device was separated into three subflows, two of the sub-ows (hereinafter termed a and d) each being equal to a quarter of the composite flow and taken from diametrically opposite sides of the pipe carrying the composite flow and the third sub-ow being the residue of the composite ow.
  • the residue of the composite flow was further split into two sub-flows (hereinafter termed b and c).
  • Example 2 Concentration of dyestutfs, Sub-ow: percent by weight 4
  • Example 2 The mixing used was as described in Example 1 except that the number of passageways 9 was 20 each having a wide of only 1A inch and the lengths of the 20 passageways were as follows. Numbering the passageways consecutively around the periphery from 1 to 20, the first passageway was of 5/8 inch in length and the remainder of the passageways increased in length by 1/16 inch in the following order: 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 4, 8, 12 16, 20.
  • the radial passageways were duplicated so that each of the 20 passageways led into 2 radial passageways each of 1/s inch diameter and of 3A inch length.
  • Example 1 The effectiveness of the mixing device was tested as described in Example 1 by feeding a composite flow of dyestuff-containing core and colourless annulus and splitting the composite ow after passage through the mixing device into four sub-flows a, b, c and d as described in Example 1.
  • the results of analyses of the four subows were as follows:
  • Example 3 The mixing device used was described in Example 1 except that the number of passageways 9 was 20 each having a width of only 1A inch and in respect of length the passageways were arranged in 5 series. Numbering the passageways consecutively around the periphery from 1 to 20, the lengths of passageways were as follows:
  • Numbers 1, 5, 9, 13 and 17 were of 2 inches length.
  • Numbers 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19 were of 1%; inches length.
  • Numbers 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 were of 1% inches length.
  • Numbers 6, 10 and 18 were of 1% inches length.
  • Numbers 2 and 14 were of @is inch length.
  • the radial passageways were duplicated so that each of the 20 passageways led into 2 radial passageways each of Ms inch diameter and of inch length.
  • Example 1 The effectiveness of the mixing device was tested as described in Example 1 by feeding a composite fiow of dyestuff-containing core and colourless annulus and splitting the composite flow after passage through the mixing device into four sub-ows a, b, c and d as described in Example 1.
  • the results of analyses of the four sub-ows were as follows:
  • Example 4 Concentration of dyestuif, Sub-flow: percent by weight
  • Example 4 The utility of a mixing device having a lesser number of sub-flows was demonstrated by the use of a mixing device of similar design to that used in Examples 1, 2 and 3 but fabricated from a series of metal washers. Referring to FIGURES 3, 4 and 5, the mixing device was formed from 24 metal washers 17 each in the form of an annulus of outside diameter 35 mm., internal diameter 13 mm. and of thickness 1.6 mm. From each of 16 of the washers there was cut a segment 18 of 45. The 24 washers were assembled face to face -by means of an adhesive to form a pile, as shown in FIGURE 4, the order being:
  • a composite flow is fed to the mixing device at 2'5, the flow is attenuated as it passes the cone 19 into a sheet flow, split into a series of subows through the passageways 22 and combined severally by passage through the radial passageways 23 into the tube 24.
  • the effectiveness of the mixing device was tested by feeding at 25 a ow composed of a core of a liquid of viscosity 3,000 poises under the conditions of operation and in which had been dissolved 0.1% by weight of a blue dyestut surrounded by an annulus of the same liquid containing no dyestui. Visual examination of the ow clearly showed it to consist of a blue core surrounded by a-clear annulus. On emergence from the mixing device, the ow appeared to be uniformly blue.
  • a process for mixing a composite laminar flow of a plurality of liquids, or a liquid having a plurality of disparate parts comprising the steps of:
  • each of the sub-ows carries approximately the same volume per unit time.
  • a process for mixing a composite laminar flow of a plurality of liquids, or a liquid having a plurality of disparate parts comprising the steps of splitting a sum of the plurality of liquids, or a sum of the disparate parts, into more than two series of sub-flows, with each sub-iow containing approximately the same proportion of said liquids or disparate parts as any other sub-ow, and
  • each of the series of the sub-flows carries approximately the same volume per unit of time.
  • An apparatus for improving the homogeneity of a composite laminar ow comprising:
  • inlet means for introducing a composite laminar llow into a passageway where the said composite laminar ow can be split into a plurality of sub-Hows,
  • each sub-flow containing approximately the same proportion of each liquid making up the composite liquid
  • each of said channels communicating with a common outlet duct, with entry points of the various channels with the common outlet duct being distributed between more than two zones along the length of the common outlet duct, said common outlet duct functioning to receive and to severally combine said plurality of sub-flows from said channels.
  • each of said channels is constructed to receive a distribution of the composite laminar flow which is approximately equal to that of each of the remaining channels.
  • An apparatus for improving the 'homogeneity of a composite laminar ow comprising:
  • inlet means for introducing a composite laminar flow into a passageway where the said composite laminar flow can be split into a plurality of sub-flows
  • each of said channels communicating wtih a common outlet duct, with entry points of the various channels with the common outlet duct being distributed between more than two zones along the length of the common outlet duct, said common outlet duct functioning to receive and to severally combine said series of sub-flows from said channels.
  • each of said series of channels is constructed to receive a distribution of the composite laminar ow which is approximately equal to each of the remaining series of channels.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US652560A 1965-02-18 1967-07-11 Process and apparatus for mixing viscous liquids Expired - Lifetime US3427002A (en)

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GB7079/65A GB1075315A (en) 1965-02-18 1965-02-18 Apparatus for mixing viscous liquids

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US (1) US3427002A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1557091A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1075315A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6602061A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802668A (en) * 1971-06-29 1974-04-09 Cellophane Sa Apparatus for inverting flow in a conduit
US4036063A (en) * 1976-08-31 1977-07-19 Phillips Petroleum Company Sample dilution
US4198168A (en) * 1978-04-12 1980-04-15 Liquid Control Incorporated Phase blending static mixing process and apparatus
US4333729A (en) * 1977-07-01 1982-06-08 Marugg Max H Apparatus for homogenizing liquid and viscous substances
US4658634A (en) * 1986-02-11 1987-04-21 Piedmont Natural Gas Company Meter prover
US5505229A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-04-09 The Lee Company Fluid resistor
US20020021620A1 (en) * 2000-07-20 2002-02-21 Konstantin Choikhet Method and apparatus for mixing fluids
US6406410B1 (en) 1999-06-03 2002-06-18 Kenneth Lochbaum Base for exercise
US20110128814A1 (en) * 2008-08-07 2011-06-02 Toshihiro Hanada Fluid mixer and apparatus using fluid mixer
US20110199855A1 (en) * 2008-10-20 2011-08-18 Asahi Organic Chemicals Industry Co., Ltd. Spiral type fluid mixer and apparatus using spiral type fluid mixer
US10391460B2 (en) * 2014-10-03 2019-08-27 Asahi Yukizai Corporation Fluid mixer and apparatus using fluid mixer
US11813581B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2023-11-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and adapter for conveying plural liquid streams

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2597422A (en) * 1948-09-11 1952-05-20 Little Inc A Process of forming dispersions
US2788337A (en) * 1952-04-30 1957-04-09 Ciba Ltd Method of preparing rapid-hardening artificial resin compositions containing hardenin agents
US3072261A (en) * 1960-04-04 1963-01-08 Holley Carburetor Co Sediment trapping hydraulic restriction

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2597422A (en) * 1948-09-11 1952-05-20 Little Inc A Process of forming dispersions
US2788337A (en) * 1952-04-30 1957-04-09 Ciba Ltd Method of preparing rapid-hardening artificial resin compositions containing hardenin agents
US3072261A (en) * 1960-04-04 1963-01-08 Holley Carburetor Co Sediment trapping hydraulic restriction

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802668A (en) * 1971-06-29 1974-04-09 Cellophane Sa Apparatus for inverting flow in a conduit
US4036063A (en) * 1976-08-31 1977-07-19 Phillips Petroleum Company Sample dilution
US4333729A (en) * 1977-07-01 1982-06-08 Marugg Max H Apparatus for homogenizing liquid and viscous substances
US4198168A (en) * 1978-04-12 1980-04-15 Liquid Control Incorporated Phase blending static mixing process and apparatus
US4658634A (en) * 1986-02-11 1987-04-21 Piedmont Natural Gas Company Meter prover
US5505229A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-04-09 The Lee Company Fluid resistor
US6406410B1 (en) 1999-06-03 2002-06-18 Kenneth Lochbaum Base for exercise
US20020021620A1 (en) * 2000-07-20 2002-02-21 Konstantin Choikhet Method and apparatus for mixing fluids
US6629775B2 (en) * 2000-07-20 2003-10-07 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for mixing fluids
US20110128814A1 (en) * 2008-08-07 2011-06-02 Toshihiro Hanada Fluid mixer and apparatus using fluid mixer
US9259694B2 (en) * 2008-08-07 2016-02-16 Asahi Organic Chemicals Industry Co., Ltd. Fluid mixer and apparatus using fluid mixer
US20110199855A1 (en) * 2008-10-20 2011-08-18 Asahi Organic Chemicals Industry Co., Ltd. Spiral type fluid mixer and apparatus using spiral type fluid mixer
US9138697B2 (en) * 2008-10-20 2015-09-22 Asahi Organic Chemicals Industry Co., Ltd. Spiral type fluid mixer and apparatus using spiral type fluid mixer
US10391460B2 (en) * 2014-10-03 2019-08-27 Asahi Yukizai Corporation Fluid mixer and apparatus using fluid mixer
US11813581B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2023-11-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and adapter for conveying plural liquid streams

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Publication number Publication date
GB1075315A (en) 1967-07-12
DE1557091A1 (de) 1970-03-12
NL6602061A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-08-19

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