US3424833A - Synthetic vinyl fibres of high shrink ability - Google Patents

Synthetic vinyl fibres of high shrink ability Download PDF

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Publication number
US3424833A
US3424833A US385916A US3424833DA US3424833A US 3424833 A US3424833 A US 3424833A US 385916 A US385916 A US 385916A US 3424833D A US3424833D A US 3424833DA US 3424833 A US3424833 A US 3424833A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fibers
den
shrinkage
boiling water
polyvinylchloride
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US385916A
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English (en)
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Corrado Mazzolini
Francesco Denti
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A C S A Applic Chimiche SpA
Acsa Applicazioni Chimiche Spa
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A C S A Applic Chimiche SpA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/08—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D01F6/10—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons from polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber

Definitions

  • fibers of polyvinylchloride having a high syndiotactic index (above 2), obtained according to known spinning methods by dry or wet spinning of the polymer, are subjected to the usual stretch, finishing, drying, heat-conditioning under tension and relaxing, and are further subjected to an additional stretch at a stretch ratio of at least 1.1 and at a temperature between 100 C. and 180 C. (preferably 120 C. to 140 C.).
  • the present invention relates to synthetic fibers of polyvinylchloride, having high shrinkability on heating and, excellent mechanical characteristics after shrinking, and to a process for obtaining such fibers.
  • the present invention relates to synthetic fibers consisting of polyvinylchloride having high syndiotactic index and stereoregularity or crystallinity, high shrinkability on heating and excellent mechanical characteristics after shrinking, the fibers being capable of being processed into bulk yarns, as well as to a process for obtaining such bulk yarns.
  • polyvinylchloride of high syndiotacticity or high syndiotactic index relates to (A) vinylchloride homopolymers prepared at temperatures of from 10 C. to 60 C. and having an intrinsic viscosity (1;) greater than 0.7 dl./ gr. and syndiotactic index greater than about 2 (the syndiotacticity being defined by the ratio between the absorption of the infra-red bands D 635 cm? and D 692 cm. as described by Burleigh, J.A.C.S., 82, page 749, 1960) and (B) copolymers or polymer mixtures containing at least 85% by weight of vinylchloride and satisfying these conditions.
  • Bulk yarns generally known as high bulk, prepared by using mixtures of fibers having different heat shrinkability coefficients, are already known to the textile industry.
  • fiber mixtures which partly consist of fibers of practically no heat shrinkability (i.e., a heat shrinkability below 2%), and partly of fibers with high shrinkability (of about 10-30%).
  • the yarns obtained from these by the usual spinning techniques are bulked by heat treatment, mostly in boiling water or saturated steam, which cause the shrinkage of the shrinkable fibers forming the basic structure of the yarn.
  • the unshrinkable fiber is variously crimped and raised so as to give the yarn a swollen, vaporous and bulky aspect, highly valued in the manufacture of Warm, soft hosiery and looking very like natural wool.
  • the shrinkable fiber forms the basic structure of the yarn, and that the high-bulk yarn retains good mechanical characteristics (i.e. strength and stability), so as to be able to tolerate without damage all the stresses to which the yarn is submitted both in the subsequent weaving operations and in the use of the final woven fabric.
  • the fibers which have given the best results with the above mentioned bulking treatments are those of the acrylic type (Acrilan, Orlon, Dralon, etc.) which after suitable treatment may present both a high residual shrinkability and a practically no shrinkage in boiling water.
  • fibers may be obtained based on polyvinylchloride, which shrink markedly under heat and after shrinking retain excellent mechanical characteristics, so as to be particularly suited for the production of high-bulk yarns.
  • the invention therefore consists in textile fibers comprising polyvinylchloride of high syndiotacticity as herein defined and with a residual shrinkability in boiling water or saturated steam between 10% and 30% of the initial length and which after being shrunk in boiling water or saturated steam, have:
  • the process for obtaining fibers according to the present invention consists in imparting to the fibers a high heat-shrinkability by means of a stretching additional to those stretchings normally applied in the spinning practice, and such as to ensure to the fiber the retention of the shrinkability which has thus been imparted to it.
  • the shrinkability which is obtained according to this invention is stable at temperature below about 50 C., but is completely removed by a simple treatment in boiling water, saturated steam or in any other suitable heating medium at such temperature.
  • a solution of a polyvinylchloride of high syndiotactic index is extruded through a spinneret into a suitable coagulation bath or into an evaporative atmosphere in which the spinning solvent is eliminated; the fibers thus obtained are subjected to hot-stretch at a draw ratio of about 7, to finish ing, drying and thermal conditioning (all under stretch).
  • the fibers are then relaxed, and subjected to an additional stretch treatment at temperature above 100 C. The treatments before the additional stretch are made in order to improve the mechanical and dimensional characteristics.
  • the top thus obtained possesses the surprising combination of high heat shrinkability with high physical and mechanical strength characteristics which, even more unexpectedly, remain undiminished even after heat-shrink-
  • the fibers obtained from a solution of polyvinylchloride of high syndiotactic index by dry or wet spinning are subjected to a further heat stretching treatment during the spinning run, so that they have already at the outlet of the spinning machine a high heat-shrinkage so that they may be cut directly into staple of high shrinkage or be processed into high-shrinkage tops.
  • the fibers obtained for example by wet spinning of a solution of polyvinylchloride of high syndiotactic index, e.g., in cyclohexanone into a coagulating bath, are washed, heat-stretched at a stretch ratio between 4 and 7, finished and dried, before the additional heat-stretching is carried out.
  • the additional stretching may be carried out at a stretch ratio of more than 1.1 and up to the maximum allowed by the resistance of the tow and at temperatures between 100 C. and 180 C. and preferably between 120 C. and 140 C.
  • the tow may be cooled down under tension, e.g., by means of cold air jets between two sets of rollers turning at the same speed, then crimped at a temperature below 50 C.
  • the fibers obtained by the above method may be directly worked on machines of the type similar to, for instance, the Pacifico converter or Reiter converter, in order to obtain high-shrinkage tops.
  • the preferred methods of this invention may be applied to all spinning counts comprised between 1 and 40 den/filaments, both for raw and pigmented (dyed) fibers.
  • FIGURE 1 represents the behavior in water at various temperatures for an immersion time of 30 minutes of the fiber consisting of polyvinylchloride at high syndiotacticity index and having high shrinkability;
  • FIGURE 2 represents the behavior in boiling water of the same fiber
  • FIGURE 3 of the drawing shows the stress-strain curves of the fiber obtained according to Example 1 (see below).
  • the characteristics of each filament after being shrunk in boiling water are preferably the following:
  • Said yarns present excellent mechanical properties, can be dyed at boiling temperature with dispersed dyes (also in the presence of carriers) and can be dry-cleaned.
  • Example 1 parts of polyvinylchloride, obtained by polymerizing vinylchloride at 40 C. and having an intrinsic viscosity (1 ) 1.35 dl./g., were dissolved in 450 parts of cyclohexanone.
  • the solution obtained was extruded through a spinneret with 10,000 holes of p. diameter, into a coagulum bath consisting of a mixture of cyclohexanone, water and ethyl alcohol.
  • the tow obtained from the coagulum bath was washed in a box containing a water-alcohol solution and stretched in boiling water at a stretch ratio of 7.5.
  • the tow was treated in a box containing a finishing bath with antistatic property (Antistatic PB produced by Lamberti-Albizzate, Varese, Italy) and then dried on rollers at C.
  • Antistatic PB produced by Lamberti-Albizzate, Varese, Italy
  • the tow was heat set under tension at 200 C. in presence of superheated steam for 6 seconds and then collected in perforated containers, which were treated in an autoclave at about 115-125 C. in presence of saturated steam for about 30 minutes.
  • a tow was obtained having a total titer of 33,000 den.
  • the mixture of the two Turbo tops thus obtained was sequentially processed on traditional textile machinery and converted into yarn with metric titer 27/2 and with twist 340Z+220S.
  • the yarn was successively hank shrunk in a dyeing or hank-dyeing chamber in boiling water for about 30 minutes and thereafter centrifuged and dryed.
  • the characteristics of the bulk yarn are compared with the characteristics of a similar high-bulk yarn of acrylic fiber in Table 1.
  • FIGURE 3 are given the corresponding stress-strain curves obtained at the Instron dynamometer, in which the continuous curve relates to a polyacrylonitrile having the same bulkiness.
  • Example 2 100 parts of polyvinylchloride obtained by polymerization of vinylchloride at 40 C. and having an intrinsic viscosity 7; of 1.30 dl./ g. were dissolved in 450 parts of cyclohexanone. The solution was extruded through a spinneret with 10,000 holes of 125 diameter into a coagulum bath as described in Example 1.
  • the tow obtained was washed and stretched in boiling water with a stretch ratio of 6 and subsequently finished and dried on heated rollers.
  • the tow was stretched again with a stretch ratio of 1.35 in a room into which superheated steam was injected at 145 C.
  • the tow was then cooled with cold air, under tension, on cold rollers and finally crimped at room temperature and cut.
  • Metric count (Nm) 27/2 Twist 340Z+220S The yarn was arranged in hanks and these were then treated with boiling water in a dying vat and finally centrifuged and dried.
  • the hanks treated as above showed a shrinkage of 23%
  • a process for making polyvinyl chloride filaments having a shrinkage in boiling water or in saturated steam comprised between 10% and 30% and showing after shrinkage a tenacity greater than 2.5 g./den., an elongation at break between 30% and 55 an elastic modulus between 20 and 40 g./den. and a shrinkage in trichloroethylene at 40 C. less than 1%, comprising the step of subjecting filaments of polyvinyl chloride having a syndiotactic index of at least 2 and obtained by spinning vinyl chloride polymer polymerized at a temperature of 10 C. to 60 C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US385916A 1963-07-31 1964-07-29 Synthetic vinyl fibres of high shrink ability Expired - Lifetime US3424833A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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IT1596363 1963-07-31

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US3424833A true US3424833A (en) 1969-01-28

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US385916A Expired - Lifetime US3424833A (en) 1963-07-31 1964-07-29 Synthetic vinyl fibres of high shrink ability

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US (1) US3424833A (de)
AT (1) AT292177B (de)
BE (1) BE651165A (de)
CH (1) CH456025A (de)
DE (1) DE1435335C3 (de)
ES (1) ES303056A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1080554A (de)
NL (1) NL139780B (de)
SE (1) SE317976B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3655474A (en) * 1969-09-19 1972-04-11 Fabric Research Lab Method of producing shrink-stabilized composite fabrics
US3900680A (en) * 1972-03-08 1975-08-19 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Cord for extensible belt
US4425393A (en) 1979-04-26 1984-01-10 Brunswick Corporation Low modulus, small diameter fibers and products made therefrom
US4707319A (en) * 1980-12-08 1987-11-17 Rhovyl Process for production of yarns and fibers with good properties, based on atactic polyvinyl chloride
US4780368A (en) * 1980-12-08 1988-10-25 Rhovyl Yarns and fibers with good properties, based on a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and postchlorinated polyvinyl chloride
US4809493A (en) * 1985-11-01 1989-03-07 Kuraray Company Limited Water-absorbing shrinkable yarn

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2805463A (en) * 1953-10-15 1957-09-10 Laval Michel Jean Andre Method of treating knitted goods containing shrinkable fibres and products thereof
US2984593A (en) * 1959-08-31 1961-05-16 Monsanto Chemicals Uniaxially oriented polyvinyl chloride

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2805463A (en) * 1953-10-15 1957-09-10 Laval Michel Jean Andre Method of treating knitted goods containing shrinkable fibres and products thereof
US2984593A (en) * 1959-08-31 1961-05-16 Monsanto Chemicals Uniaxially oriented polyvinyl chloride

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3655474A (en) * 1969-09-19 1972-04-11 Fabric Research Lab Method of producing shrink-stabilized composite fabrics
US3900680A (en) * 1972-03-08 1975-08-19 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Cord for extensible belt
US4425393A (en) 1979-04-26 1984-01-10 Brunswick Corporation Low modulus, small diameter fibers and products made therefrom
US4707319A (en) * 1980-12-08 1987-11-17 Rhovyl Process for production of yarns and fibers with good properties, based on atactic polyvinyl chloride
US4780368A (en) * 1980-12-08 1988-10-25 Rhovyl Yarns and fibers with good properties, based on a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and postchlorinated polyvinyl chloride
US4809493A (en) * 1985-11-01 1989-03-07 Kuraray Company Limited Water-absorbing shrinkable yarn

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1435335C3 (de) 1974-07-11
AT292177B (de) 1971-08-10
DE1435335A1 (de) 1968-11-21
GB1080554A (en) 1967-08-23
BE651165A (de) 1964-11-16
NL139780B (nl) 1973-09-17
ES303056A1 (es) 1965-03-01
SE317976B (de) 1969-12-01
NL6408822A (de) 1965-02-01
CH456025A (de) 1968-05-15
DE1435335B2 (de) 1973-12-13

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