US3424558A - Instrument for blood grouping on blood grouping cards - Google Patents

Instrument for blood grouping on blood grouping cards Download PDF

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Publication number
US3424558A
US3424558A US599023A US3424558DA US3424558A US 3424558 A US3424558 A US 3424558A US 599023 A US599023 A US 599023A US 3424558D A US3424558D A US 3424558DA US 3424558 A US3424558 A US 3424558A
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Prior art keywords
blood
areas
test
instrument
water
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Expired - Lifetime
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US599023A
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English (en)
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Knud E H Eldon
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Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium
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Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/80—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood groups or blood types or red blood cells

Definitions

  • Four bloodgrouping tests are made simultaneously, without danger of cross-contamination, by supporting drops of blood or other test liquid on four prongs extending from a common handle, and transferring the drops to, and stirring the resulting test mixture at, separate test areas of a standard test card simultaneously by manipulation of the handle.
  • a preliminary stirring step to dissolve the dried test reagent in water is avoided by using a high salt concentration in the dried reagent to cause the water to absorb, without stirring, suflicient salt to prevent adverse elfect on subsequently-added blood samples.
  • Methods are known for carrying out blood grouping on blood grouping cards containing two or more testing areas, by which methods, with or without previous moistening of the area with water, a drop of the blood, which has to be examined, is supplied to every separate area, followed by a stirring.
  • a salt water suspension of blood corpuscles from the person, whose blood has to be examined may be used.
  • the cards may contain for example 2-5 testing areas, most frequently 4.
  • Within each testing area the cards generally contain a dried drop of test serum chosen for blood group test with an admixture of conglutinin or congl-utinin substitute and salt.
  • the general method when using such a card for blood grouping with capillary blood is as follows: at first one drop of plain water is supplied to each of the areas with a drop pipette. Then a stick of glass or plastic is used for stirring first one of the said drops of water, until the reagent contained therein is completely dissolved in the water. The glass stick is then carefully wiped, and the same operation is repeated in one after the other of the further areas. Thereafter a drop of blood from the patient is taken up, for instance from the ear, on the point of the glass stick, and this drop is added to the dissolved reagent in the first area and mixed with it.
  • the glass stick is cleaned, and the operation repeated with the other areas.
  • a suitable, prescribed time which may be for instance 1 minute, after the operation has been carried out as regards the last area, the card is rocked to a completely vertical position in different directions, and other rocking for instance for 2 minutes, the areas of the card are examined and the reaction noted.
  • the invention concerns a method, by which these disadvantages are removed or considerably reduced.
  • the procedure for this purpose is that the blood is supplied by placing a drop of the patients blood on each of a number of blood transferring surfaces, which with respect to the number, mutual distance and mutual position thereof correspond to the testing areas of the card, said transferring surfaces being present on the furcations of a furcated instrument, which thereafter is used to transfer the blood samples to the test areas and to effect the subsequent stirring and distributing operations in a plurality of the said areas at one time.
  • the method may, however, also be carried out so that only one mixing operation is undertaken, viz. in connection with the placing of the patients blood in the areas.
  • the water is supplied to the areas in advance without carrying out the operation of stirring the water in order to dissolve the reagent; when carrying out this embodiment of the invention, the distribution of the water does not take place, until the blood sample has been added.
  • This can only be done, when the composition of the serum portions used in the production of the cards for covering each test area has been adjusted to suit this method; on the other hand, the composition required is within limits known per se.
  • the adaption for this embodiment of the method according to the invention may be obtained by altering the salt concentration in the serum portions to be somewhat higher than usual.
  • blood grouping can be carried out particularly fast, as the introductory water mixing operation is done away with.
  • the invention further concerns an [instrument for carrying out the method described above, which instrument is characterized in that it has the shape of a comb, the teeth of which have a flat area for the picking-up of a blood drop.
  • the teeth are elaborated so that the said areas have mutual distances corresponding to the test areas, it is thus possible at one time to transfer blood to all test areas, just bye placing the teeth of the comb so that the blood gets into contact with the areas or with a drop of water placed on each of them.
  • the flat areas are formed as the end surfaces on the prongs, and the prongs have a bent shape for the creation of short outer sections, which are all in the same plane and create such an angle with the plane of the comb that the outer sections at the same time conveniently can be placed against each of the blood grouping areas.
  • the water 3 and the blood from the end surfaces can simultaneously be mixed and distributed over all test areas.
  • the instrument is preferably manufactured from plastic, thereby using especially a plastic type, which has a good adhesion towards water.
  • FIG. 1 an example for the execution on a testing card
  • FIG. 2 instrument according to the invention, seen from the side, and,
  • 1 is a card, which, as shown, may contain an area 2 for statement of the data of the patient, such as name, address, age et cetera, and an area 3, in which to sum up the results of the grouping test.
  • 4-7 are test areas, each of which contains a dried drop of test serum.
  • Area 4 may thus contain a test serum, wherein the specific ingredient is anti-A serum
  • area 5 is a similar drop containing anti-B serum
  • the area 6 contains anti-D serum
  • the area 7 a drop, which contains only an unspecific serum, and which serves as a control to reveal, whether circumstances are present, which can make the reactions obtained in the other areas unvalid, for instance in consequence of the patients blood being panagglutinative.
  • serum in the grouping areas contains conglutinin or conglutinin substitute and salt.
  • Blood grouping cards where 60 mml. reagent consisting of 6 mml. serum and 54 mml. 6% dexstrane solution with 0.9% NaCl are dried in each test area, are thus known. If the amount of salts contained in the said quantity of serum is converted into the equivalent quantity of NaCl, the salt concentration in the serum will also be 0.9%, and the salt contents in each reagent dose will correspond to 0.540 mg. NaCl, of which 0.480 mg. originates in the dexstrane solution, whereas 0.060 mg. equals to the serum salts.
  • the quantity of salt ought to be larger.
  • the amount of salt is advantageously increased in portion to the usual salt quantity mentioned above, by an extra quantity of about 0.175 mg. NaCl calculated on 60 mml. reagent of the above mentioned composition.
  • the solution of the reagent dried in the test areas is promoted and a quicker raise of the salt concentration in the measured drop of water is obtained, whereby also the reaction strength of the agglutinations is increased.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 an embodiment of the instnurnent used in carrying out the method described above and so shaped that it corresponds to the card shown in FIG. 1.
  • the instrument consists of a holding plate 8, from which four teeth 9 are extending, each having a plane end surface 10 and a bent outer section 11. The distance between the prongs, and thereby between the outer sections 11, corresponds to the distance between the areas 4-7 mutually. The use of the instrument is described above.
  • An instrument for simultaneously transferring a plurality of separate drops of test liquid respectively to a plurality of linearly spaced test areas on a blood-grouping test card or the like comprising a comb-shaped body having a handle and a plurality of spaced pron-gs extending therefrom, said prongs each having a closed flat face of predetermined area for carrying a drop of liquid and such prongs being spaced and positioned to disposed said liquid-carrying faces in position to be engaged simultaneously with the spaced test areas on the card.
  • prongs have main portions which lie in a common plane and short bent end sections which lie in a common plane at an angle to the plane of the main portions such that the end sections can be placed simultaneously against the test areas, and the liquid-carrying faces are formed as fiat end faces on the end sections.
  • apparatus for simultaneously carrying out a plurality of blood grouping tests comprising a test card having a plurality of linearly-spaced coplanar test areas each carrying the dried residue of a test serum and conglutinen or conglutinen substitute together with salts in a concentration of least equal to the osmotic equivalent of 0.9 percent sodium chloride, such residue being adapted to dissolve into a drop of water deposited on the test area and admixed with the residue, each moistened test area being adapted to undergo a test reaction with a drop of blood subsequently placed thereon, and an instrument as defined in claim 1, in which the liquid-carrying flat faces are spaced to be engaged with the spaced test areas on the card.
  • the instrument prongs have main portions and short bent end sections which lie in a common plane at an angle to the main portions such that the end sections can be simultaneously placed fiatwise against the test areas, the liquid carrying faces being formed as end faces on the end sections.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
US599023A 1965-12-08 1966-12-05 Instrument for blood grouping on blood grouping cards Expired - Lifetime US3424558A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DK631765 1965-12-08

Publications (1)

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US3424558A true US3424558A (en) 1969-01-28

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US (1) US3424558A (is")
BE (1) BE690817A (is")
BR (1) BR6685193D0 (is")
CH (1) CH447662A (is")
DE (1) DE1598870A1 (is")
ES (2) ES334115A1 (is")
GB (1) GB1166849A (is")
SE (1) SE301893B (is")

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3873268A (en) * 1971-07-06 1975-03-25 Pfizer Multiple solution testing device
FR2325045A1 (fr) * 1975-05-20 1977-04-15 Readymatie Sa Procede et moyens pour verifier la concordance de certaines donnees figurant sur une fiche et concernant le groupe sanguin d'un individu
FR2332739A1 (fr) * 1975-11-27 1977-06-24 Readymatie Sa Dispositif porte-flacons
US4305721A (en) * 1979-08-20 1981-12-15 Becton Dickinson & Company Agglutination assay
US6955889B1 (en) 1999-06-08 2005-10-18 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. Simultaneous determination of forward and reverse ABO blood group
US20070298446A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2007-12-27 Harry Malyska Reducing Time To Result For Blood Bank Diagnostic Testing

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE82305C (is") * 1895-01-26 1895-07-19
GB190214874A (en) * 1902-07-03 1902-08-21 Louis Carnegy Auldjo Improvements in Steam Boilers
FR393009A (fr) * 1908-08-07 1908-12-11 Mcnicol Cunningham Bowie Seringue ou poire avec peigne, pour le traitement du cuir chevelu
FR1032410A (fr) * 1951-02-13 1953-07-01 Appareil d'hydrothérapie
US2770572A (en) * 1951-07-28 1956-11-13 Nordisk Insulinlab Blood grouping card
US3276847A (en) * 1961-08-31 1966-10-04 Cooke Engineering Company Tubular dropper for micro-titration

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE82305C (is") * 1895-01-26 1895-07-19
GB190214874A (en) * 1902-07-03 1902-08-21 Louis Carnegy Auldjo Improvements in Steam Boilers
FR393009A (fr) * 1908-08-07 1908-12-11 Mcnicol Cunningham Bowie Seringue ou poire avec peigne, pour le traitement du cuir chevelu
FR1032410A (fr) * 1951-02-13 1953-07-01 Appareil d'hydrothérapie
US2770572A (en) * 1951-07-28 1956-11-13 Nordisk Insulinlab Blood grouping card
US3276847A (en) * 1961-08-31 1966-10-04 Cooke Engineering Company Tubular dropper for micro-titration

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3873268A (en) * 1971-07-06 1975-03-25 Pfizer Multiple solution testing device
FR2325045A1 (fr) * 1975-05-20 1977-04-15 Readymatie Sa Procede et moyens pour verifier la concordance de certaines donnees figurant sur une fiche et concernant le groupe sanguin d'un individu
FR2332739A1 (fr) * 1975-11-27 1977-06-24 Readymatie Sa Dispositif porte-flacons
US4305721A (en) * 1979-08-20 1981-12-15 Becton Dickinson & Company Agglutination assay
US6955889B1 (en) 1999-06-08 2005-10-18 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. Simultaneous determination of forward and reverse ABO blood group
US20070298446A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2007-12-27 Harry Malyska Reducing Time To Result For Blood Bank Diagnostic Testing
US7767436B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2010-08-03 Micro Typing Systems, Inc. Reducing time to result for blood bank diagnostic testing
US20100216171A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2010-08-26 Harry Malyska Reducing Time to Result for Blood Bank Diagnostic Testing
US7943368B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2011-05-17 Micro Typing Systems, Inc. Reducing time to result for blood bank diagnostic testing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH447662A (de) 1967-11-30
BE690817A (is") 1967-05-16
ES141664U (es) 1969-02-01
GB1166849A (en) 1969-10-08
SE301893B (is") 1968-06-24
ES334115A1 (es) 1968-05-16
BR6685193D0 (pt) 1973-12-27
ES141664Y (es) 1969-08-16
DE1598870A1 (de) 1971-01-21

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