US3424172A - Cigarette filters - Google Patents

Cigarette filters Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3424172A
US3424172A US550124A US3424172DA US3424172A US 3424172 A US3424172 A US 3424172A US 550124 A US550124 A US 550124A US 3424172D A US3424172D A US 3424172DA US 3424172 A US3424172 A US 3424172A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
acid
ester
cellulose
filters
cigarette
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US550124A
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English (en)
Inventor
Georg Neurath
Reiner Kopsch
Joachim Raban
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3424172A publication Critical patent/US3424172A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cigarette filters.
  • Cigarette filters are conventionally made of cellulose acetate or another fibrous cellulose ester and it has been proposed that the absorbency of such filters should be increased by impregnating the fibrous mate-rial with suitable absorbing agents. Many absorbing agents have the disadvantage, however, that they alter the flavour of the smoke.
  • cellulose esters having residues containing free acid groups, in place of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose should be used.
  • acid phthalate cellulose acetate, acid succinate cellulose, acid citrate cellulose or acid phosphate cellulose have a good absorbency for alkaline substances in smoke but, at the same time, the fibres are more brittle than those of cellulose acetate and are therefore less suitable for use as cigarette filters. Also, the fibres tend to age more quickly with the result that during the use of such filters, pieces of fibre break off and ibecome entrained with the smoke.
  • a cigarette filter of improved efiiciency is obtained by treating the fibrous cellulosic material with an acidic carboxylic acid alkyl ester.
  • the cigarette filters according to the present invention comprise a fibrous cellulosic mass impregnated with an acidic carboxylic acid alkyl ester.
  • the fibrous cellulosic mass will be composed of a cellulose ester, more generally cellulose acetate.
  • the filter may also contain glyceryl triacetate (triacetin), preferably in a proportion of 3 parts by weight of the acid ester to parts by weight of glycerin triacetate.
  • triacetin glyceryl triacetate
  • All organic polycarboxylic acids which are physiologioally acceptable may be used for the preparation of the acid esters, for example, citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid or saccharic acid.
  • the acid is partially esterified with a physiologically acceptable alcohol such as, in particular, ethanol, to leave at least one free carboxyl group.
  • Acids which contain free hydroxyl groups or hydroxyl groups esterified with monobasic organic acids, such as acetic or propionic acid, or polycarboxylic acids may be used.
  • the acid ester is preferably used in finely-divided form, mixed with glycerin triacetate if desired, and is applied to the outer surfaces of the fibres to form a film-like coating on the fibres.
  • the coating may be applied by spraying or by passing the fibres through a bath of the coating material.
  • the filters containing the acid esters have an improved absorption efiiciency, particularly with respect to the removal of alkaline components such as nicotine, from the smoke and this is effected without the free hydroxyl groupcontaining additive introduced by the treatment being entrained in the smoke and inhaled by the smoker. This is believed to be due to the fact that the additive is simultaneously a cross-linking and hardening agent for the cellulose acetate and that it enters into a close bond with the external surface of the cellulose fibres.
  • the additives were added to triacetin (30% of the additive by weight) and the mixture used to impregnate the filter in proportion of 9% with respect to the weight of the filter.
  • the degree of direct absorption for nicotine was determined in accordance with the standard procedure of the Cigarette Industry Association.
  • a cigarette filter comprising a mass of cellulose acetate fibres impregnated with 'an acidic carboxylic acid alkyl ester.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US550124A 1965-05-14 1966-05-16 Cigarette filters Expired - Lifetime US3424172A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DER40626A DE1300854B (de) 1965-05-14 1965-05-14 Filter fuer Zigaretten

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3424172A true US3424172A (en) 1969-01-28

Family

ID=7406120

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US550124A Expired - Lifetime US3424172A (en) 1965-05-14 1966-05-16 Cigarette filters

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3424172A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE680932A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH480810A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1300854B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK119757B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FI (1) FI42685B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1479836A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1079827A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU51086A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL154102B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE219903C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (61)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4153064A (en) * 1975-07-11 1979-05-08 Daicel Ltd. Cigarette filters
US4964426A (en) * 1988-09-28 1990-10-23 Eastman Kodak Company Tobacco smoke filters and process for production thereof
US5141006A (en) * 1990-02-28 1992-08-25 Eastman Kodak Company Tobacco smoke filter material and process for production thereof
US5150723A (en) * 1988-09-28 1992-09-29 Eastman Kodak Company Process for the production of tobacco smoke filters
US5817159A (en) * 1996-12-31 1998-10-06 Cahill; Scott A. Filter with interpenetrating polymer network that biodegrades
WO2007038053A1 (en) 2005-09-23 2007-04-05 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US20080202540A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-08-28 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette Customization Apparatus and Associated Method
US20080245377A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-10-09 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette comprising dark-cured tobacco
US20080302373A1 (en) * 2007-06-11 2008-12-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for Inserting Objects into a Filter Component of a Smoking Article, and Associated Method
US20100059074A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-03-11 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Inspection System for a Smoking Article Having an Object Inserted Therein, and Associated Method
US20100101589A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-04-29 John Larkin Nelson Apparatus for enhancing a filter component of a smoking article, and associated method
US20100108081A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Leigh Ann Blevins Joyce Filtered cigarette with flavored tipping material
US20100108084A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Norman Alan B Filtered cigarette with diffuse tipping material
US20100186351A1 (en) * 2009-01-26 2010-07-29 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method and apparatus for customizing cigarette packages
WO2010098933A1 (en) 2009-02-25 2010-09-02 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter comprising a degradable fiber
WO2010107756A1 (en) 2009-03-19 2010-09-23 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for inserting objects into a filter component of a smoking article, and associated method
US20110011412A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-20 Aiger Engineering, Ltd. Apparatus and method for assembly of multi-segment rod-like articles
US20110036366A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Degradable filter element
US20110108044A1 (en) * 2009-11-11 2011-05-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filter element comprising smoke-altering material
US20110162665A1 (en) * 2010-01-07 2011-07-07 Aiger Group Ag Method, system and apparatus for registration of different objects in rod shaped articles
US20110162662A1 (en) * 2010-01-05 2011-07-07 Aiger Group Ag Apparatus and method for insertion of capsules into filter tows
US20110169942A1 (en) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-14 R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered smoking article inspection system, and associated method
WO2011140430A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette with modifiable sensory characteristics
US8079369B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2011-12-20 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of forming a cigarette filter rod member
WO2012003092A1 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-01-05 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Degradable filter element for smoking article
WO2012012053A1 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-01-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Biodegradable cigarette filter
WO2012012152A1 (en) 2010-06-30 2012-01-26 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Degradable adhesive compositions for smoking articles
WO2012016051A2 (en) 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filter element comprising multifunctional fibrous smoke-altering material
WO2012068108A1 (en) 2010-11-16 2012-05-24 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette package inspection system, and associated method
US8186359B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2012-05-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company System for analyzing a filter element associated with a smoking article, and associated method
EP2494875A2 (en) 2006-08-04 2012-09-05 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette possessing tipping material
WO2012166302A2 (en) 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Coated paper filter
EP2537427A1 (en) 2008-05-21 2012-12-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter having composite fiber structures
WO2013009410A1 (en) 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Segmented cigarette filter for selective smoke filtration
WO2013019616A2 (en) 2011-07-29 2013-02-07 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Plasticizer composition for degradable polyester filter tow
WO2013019413A2 (en) 2011-08-01 2013-02-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Degradable cigarette filter
WO2013043806A2 (en) 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Mixed fiber product for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements and related methods, systems, and apparatuses
WO2013049169A1 (en) 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for inserting microcapsule objects into a filter element of a smoking article, and associated method
US8475348B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2013-07-02 Aiger Group Ag Apparatus and method for assembly of multi-segment rod-like articles
WO2013101458A1 (en) 2011-12-28 2013-07-04 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of tipping for smoking article
WO2013101457A1 (en) 2011-12-28 2013-07-04 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of filter assembly for smoking article
US8622882B2 (en) 2010-09-27 2014-01-07 Aiger Group Ag Apparatus and method for insertion of capsules into filter tows
WO2014018645A1 (en) 2012-07-25 2014-01-30 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Mixed fiber sliver for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements
WO2014078290A2 (en) 2012-11-13 2014-05-22 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company System for analyzing a smoking article filter associated with a smoking article, and associated method
US20140196728A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2014-07-17 Ahmad Fashihul Lisan Tobacco smoke filter and method of production
US8831764B2 (en) 2011-10-17 2014-09-09 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette package coding system and associated method
WO2014159982A1 (en) 2013-03-14 2014-10-02 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Electronic smoking article with improved storage means
WO2015108816A2 (en) 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Electronic smoking article with improved storage of aerosol precursor compositions
US9119419B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2015-09-01 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filter material for a filter element of a smoking article, and associated system and method
WO2015138456A1 (en) 2014-03-12 2015-09-17 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article package inspection system and associated method
WO2015138440A1 (en) 2014-03-11 2015-09-17 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article inspection system and associated method
US9289012B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2016-03-22 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Plasticizer composition for degradable polyester filter tow
WO2017044558A1 (en) 2015-09-09 2017-03-16 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Flavor delivery article
WO2017103795A1 (en) 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Flavor additive accessory
US10104906B1 (en) 2012-09-17 2018-10-23 Tannpapier Gmbh Mouthpiece lining paper
WO2018224986A2 (en) 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc. Fibrous filtration material for electronic smoking article
US10524500B2 (en) 2016-06-10 2020-01-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Staple fiber blend for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements
US10609955B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2020-04-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette comprising a tubular element in filter
US11388927B2 (en) 2018-04-05 2022-07-19 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter object insertion apparatus and associated method
RU2797418C2 (ru) * 2011-07-07 2023-06-05 Эссентра Филтер Продактс Девелопмент Ко. Пти. Лтд Фильтр для табачного дыма
US11957163B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2024-04-16 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Multi-segment filter element including smoke-altering flavorant

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1457694A (en) * 1974-06-04 1976-12-08 British American Tobacco Co Tobacco-smoke filters
DE3820089A1 (de) * 1988-06-13 1989-12-14 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Verfahren zur impraegnierung von fasern eines tabakrauchfilters mit di- oder polycarbonsaeuren bzw. anhydriden derselben
DE19541873A1 (de) 1995-11-09 1997-05-15 Rhodia Ag Rhone Poulenc Filterzigarette

Citations (4)

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CA570399A (en) * 1959-02-10 Eastman Kodak Company Filters for tobacco smoke comprising cellulose esters and ethers
US3025861A (en) * 1959-07-02 1962-03-20 Eastman Kodak Co Nonchanneling tobacco smoke filament filter
US3144024A (en) * 1960-04-11 1964-08-11 Darby Food Corp Impregnated filter means for tobacco articles
US3285255A (en) * 1965-06-07 1966-11-15 Eastman Kodak Co Polyolefin filter

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US3026226A (en) * 1957-12-09 1962-03-20 Eastman Kodak Co Process of manufacturing filters

Patent Citations (4)

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CA570399A (en) * 1959-02-10 Eastman Kodak Company Filters for tobacco smoke comprising cellulose esters and ethers
US3025861A (en) * 1959-07-02 1962-03-20 Eastman Kodak Co Nonchanneling tobacco smoke filament filter
US3144024A (en) * 1960-04-11 1964-08-11 Darby Food Corp Impregnated filter means for tobacco articles
US3285255A (en) * 1965-06-07 1966-11-15 Eastman Kodak Co Polyolefin filter

Cited By (114)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4153064A (en) * 1975-07-11 1979-05-08 Daicel Ltd. Cigarette filters
US4964426A (en) * 1988-09-28 1990-10-23 Eastman Kodak Company Tobacco smoke filters and process for production thereof
US5150723A (en) * 1988-09-28 1992-09-29 Eastman Kodak Company Process for the production of tobacco smoke filters
US5141006A (en) * 1990-02-28 1992-08-25 Eastman Kodak Company Tobacco smoke filter material and process for production thereof
US5817159A (en) * 1996-12-31 1998-10-06 Cahill; Scott A. Filter with interpenetrating polymer network that biodegrades
US5998500A (en) * 1996-12-31 1999-12-07 Cahill; Scott A. Method of making a filter with interpenetrating polymer network that biodegrades
US11383477B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2022-07-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US10123562B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2018-11-13 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US9398777B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2016-07-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US8882647B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2014-11-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US20090090372A1 (en) * 2005-09-23 2009-04-09 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for Insertion of Objects into Smoking Articles
WO2007038053A1 (en) 2005-09-23 2007-04-05 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
EP2537426A2 (en) 2005-09-23 2012-12-26 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US9028385B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2015-05-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
EP2494875A2 (en) 2006-08-04 2012-09-05 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette possessing tipping material
US8171941B2 (en) 2007-02-26 2012-05-08 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette customization apparatus and associated method
US20080202540A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-08-28 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette Customization Apparatus and Associated Method
US20080245377A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-10-09 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette comprising dark-cured tobacco
US8186360B2 (en) 2007-04-04 2012-05-29 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette comprising dark air-cured tobacco
US7972254B2 (en) 2007-06-11 2011-07-05 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for inserting objects into a filter component of a smoking article, and associated method
US10383359B2 (en) 2007-06-11 2019-08-20 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for inserting objects into a filter component of a smoking article and associated method
US11944119B2 (en) 2007-06-11 2024-04-02 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for inserting objects into a filter component of a smoking article and associated method
US20080302373A1 (en) * 2007-06-11 2008-12-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for Inserting Objects into a Filter Component of a Smoking Article, and Associated Method
US9210952B2 (en) 2007-06-11 2015-12-15 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for inserting objects into a filter component of a smoking article, and associated method
US20110230320A1 (en) * 2007-06-11 2011-09-22 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for inserting objects into a filter component of a smoking article, and associated method
US8186359B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2012-05-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company System for analyzing a filter element associated with a smoking article, and associated method
EP2537427A1 (en) 2008-05-21 2012-12-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter having composite fiber structures
US8079369B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2011-12-20 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of forming a cigarette filter rod member
US8496011B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2013-07-30 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for forming a filter component of a smoking article
US20100059074A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-03-11 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Inspection System for a Smoking Article Having an Object Inserted Therein, and Associated Method
US20100101589A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-04-29 John Larkin Nelson Apparatus for enhancing a filter component of a smoking article, and associated method
US8308623B2 (en) 2008-10-28 2012-11-13 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for enhancing a filter component of a smoking article, and associated method
US20100108081A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Leigh Ann Blevins Joyce Filtered cigarette with flavored tipping material
US20100108084A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Norman Alan B Filtered cigarette with diffuse tipping material
US8522515B2 (en) 2009-01-26 2013-09-03 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method and apparatus for customizing cigarette packages
US20100186351A1 (en) * 2009-01-26 2010-07-29 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method and apparatus for customizing cigarette packages
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US20110011412A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-20 Aiger Engineering, Ltd. Apparatus and method for assembly of multi-segment rod-like articles
US8808153B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2014-08-19 Aiger Group Ag Apparatus for assembly of multi-segment rod-like articles
US9770053B2 (en) 2009-08-11 2017-09-26 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Degradable filter element
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US20110162662A1 (en) * 2010-01-05 2011-07-07 Aiger Group Ag Apparatus and method for insertion of capsules into filter tows
US20110162665A1 (en) * 2010-01-07 2011-07-07 Aiger Group Ag Method, system and apparatus for registration of different objects in rod shaped articles
US9131730B2 (en) 2010-01-07 2015-09-15 Aiger Group Ag System and apparatus for registration of different objects in rod shaped articles
US20110169942A1 (en) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-14 R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered smoking article inspection system, and associated method
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US8622882B2 (en) 2010-09-27 2014-01-07 Aiger Group Ag Apparatus and method for insertion of capsules into filter tows
US8475348B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2013-07-02 Aiger Group Ag Apparatus and method for assembly of multi-segment rod-like articles
WO2012068108A1 (en) 2010-11-16 2012-05-24 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette package inspection system, and associated method
US11957163B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2024-04-16 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Multi-segment filter element including smoke-altering flavorant
US10609955B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2020-04-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette comprising a tubular element in filter
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US20140196728A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2014-07-17 Ahmad Fashihul Lisan Tobacco smoke filter and method of production
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WO2013019413A2 (en) 2011-08-01 2013-02-07 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Degradable cigarette filter
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US10064429B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2018-09-04 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Mixed fiber product for use in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements and related methods, systems, and apparatuses
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK119757B (da) 1971-02-15
CH480810A (de) 1969-11-15
FR1479836A (fr) 1967-05-05
GB1079827A (en) 1967-08-16
SE219903C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-04-02
NL154102B (nl) 1977-08-15
NL6606594A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-11-15
BE680932A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-10-17
DE1300854B (de) 1969-08-07
FI42685B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-01
LU51086A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-07-12

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